automation init

main
iOS 2 years ago
parent 67cf870a79
commit fd74d73d53

@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ var MailBlockPlugin = class extends import_obsidian.Plugin {
rootEl.createEl("div", { cls: "email-block-info-value", text: parameters.subject });
const bodyContent = rootEl.createEl("div", { cls: "email-block-body" });
await this.renderBody(bodyContent, parameters.body, parameters.variables, ctx);
const data = "mailto:" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.to) + "?subject=" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.subject) + "&cc=" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.cc) + "&bcc=" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.bcc) + "&body=" + this.encodeToHtml(bodyContent.innerText);
console.log(bodyContent.innerText.length);
const data = "mailto:" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.to) + "?subject=" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.subject) + (parameters.cc !== void 0 ? "&cc=" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.cc) : "") + (parameters.bcc !== void 0 ? "&bcc=" + this.encodeToHtml(parameters.bcc) : "") + (bodyContent.innerText.length !== 0 ? "&body=" + this.encodeToHtml(bodyContent.innerText) : "");
if (parameters.showmailto) {
rootEl.createEl("a", { href: data, text: "Mailto" });
}

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"id": "email-block-plugin",
"name": "Email code block",
"version": "0.3.2",
"version": "0.3.3",
"minAppVersion": "0.15.0",
"description": "This plugin renders an email code block.",
"author": "JoLeaf",

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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"01.01 Life Orga/@Finances.md\"> @Finances </a>",
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"01.05 Done/Servers - notes.md\"> Servers - notes </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"01.05 Done/Servers - notes.md\"> Servers - notes </a>",
@ -8896,13 +8965,23 @@
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/Events/2023-02-26 OM - PSG.md\"> 2023-02-26 OM - PSG </a>",
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2023-02-06.md\"> 2023-02-06 </a>"
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/aglaedevilleneuve@yahoo.fr.md\"> aglaedevilleneuve@yahoo.fr </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2023-03-13.md\"> 2023-03-13 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/John Wick (2014).md\"> John Wick (2014) </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/An Icelandic Town Goes All Out to Save Baby Puffins.md\"> An Icelandic Town Goes All Out to Save Baby Puffins </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/The Untold Story Of Notorious Influencer Andrew Tate.md\"> The Untold Story Of Notorious Influencer Andrew Tate </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/How a civil war erupted at Fox News after the 2020 election.md\"> How a civil war erupted at Fox News after the 2020 election </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Mel Brooks Isnt Done Punching Up the History of the World.md\"> Mel Brooks Isnt Done Punching Up the History of the World </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2023-03-12.md\"> 2023-03-12 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Untitled.md\"> Untitled </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/The One Big Question Bernie Sanders Wont Answer.md\"> The One Big Question Bernie Sanders Wont Answer </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2023-03-11.md\"> 2023-03-11 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Red Army (2014).md\"> Red Army (2014) </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2023-03-10.md\"> 2023-03-10 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/On the Trail of the Fentanyl King.md\"> On the Trail of the Fentanyl King </a>",
@ -8939,23 +9018,19 @@
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"02.02 Paris/Andy Wahlou.md\"> Andy Wahlou </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Say Nothing.md\"> Say Nothing </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/Events/2023-02-14 Bayern - PSG.md\"> 2023-02-14 Bayern - PSG </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/Events/2023-09-08 Trip to NYC.md\"> 2023-09-08 Trip to NYC </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/Events/2023-01-06 Chateauroux - PSG.md\"> 2023-01-06 Chateauroux - PSG </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/Events/2023-12-31 2024 New Year's Eve.md\"> 2023-12-31 2024 New Year's Eve </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"04.03 Creative snippets/Index.md\"> Index </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"04.03 Creative snippets/Drafts/Draft 1/Introduction.md\"> Introduction </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"04.03 Creative snippets/Character1.md\"> Character1 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/Events/2023-03-04 PSG - FC Nantes.md\"> 2023-03-04 PSG - FC Nantes </a>",
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2023-03-04.md\"> 2023-03-04 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/Events/2023-05-27 London.md\"> 2023-05-27 London </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/George Santos, MAGA It Girl.md\"> George Santos, MAGA It Girl </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2023-03-03.md\"> 2023-03-03 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Untitled.md\"> Untitled </a>",
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/On the Trail of the Fentanyl King.md\"> On the Trail of the Fentanyl King </a>",
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@ -8996,19 +9071,18 @@
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Dystopian Underworld of South Africas Illegal Gold Mines.md\"> The Dystopian Underworld of South Africas Illegal Gold Mines </a>",
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"00.01 Admin/Email template 1.md",
"Pasted image 20230309141356.png",
"01.06 Health",
"00.01 Admin/Emails/Print.pdf",
"00.01 Admin/Emails/2023-03-05 PPZ.txt",

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ hide task count
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
- [ ] 06:35 :clapper: [[2023-03-08|Memo]], [[Entertainment]]: Download Kiss the Future 📅2023-03-11
- [ ] 06:35 :clapper: [[2023-03-08|Memo]], [[Entertainment]]: Download Kiss the Future 📅 2023-03-18
- [x] 06:42 :clapper: [[2023-03-08|Memo]], [[Entertainment]]: Download Esterno Notte (arte.tv) 📅 2023-03-11 ✅ 2023-03-08
- [x] 06:42 :clapper: [[2023-03-08|Memo]], [[Entertainment]]: Download House of Dragons 📅 2023-03-11 ✅ 2023-03-08

@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ Stress: 27.5
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 35
BackHeadBar: 20
Water:
Coffee:
Steps:
Water: 2.03
Coffee: 0
Steps: 4936
Weight:
Ski:
IceSkating:

@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
---
title: "🗒 Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2023-03-12
Date: 2023-03-12
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: true
Sleep: 8.25
Happiness: 90
Gratefulness: 90
Stress: 27.5
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 35
BackHeadBar: 20
Water: 3.03
Coffee: 1
Steps: 10208
Weight:
Ski:
IceSkating:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
Swim:
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2023-03-11|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2023-03-13|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2023-03-12Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2023-03-12NSave
&emsp;
# 2023-03-12
&emsp;
> [!summary]+
> Daily note for 2023-03-12
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### ✅ Tasks of the day
&emsp;
```tasks
not done
due on 2023-03-12
path does not include Templates
hide backlinks
hide task count
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### 📝 Memos
&emsp;
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% --- %%
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### 🗒 Notes
&emsp;
📺: [[John Wick (2014)]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### :link: Linked activity
&emsp;
```dataview
Table from [[2023-03-12]]
```
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
---
title: "🗒 Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2023-03-13
Date: 2023-03-13
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: true
Sleep: 8
Happiness: 90
Gratefulness: 90
Stress: 27.5
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 35
BackHeadBar: 20
Water: 3.1
Coffee: 0
Steps:
Weight:
Ski:
IceSkating:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
Swim:
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2023-03-12|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2023-03-14|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2023-03-13Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2023-03-13NSave
&emsp;
# 2023-03-13
&emsp;
> [!summary]+
> Daily note for 2023-03-13
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### ✅ Tasks of the day
&emsp;
```tasks
not done
due on 2023-03-13
path does not include Templates
hide backlinks
hide task count
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### 📝 Memos
&emsp;
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% --- %%
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### 🗒 Notes
&emsp;
📺: [[John Wick - Chapter 2 (2017)]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### :link: Linked activity
&emsp;
```dataview
Table from [[2023-03-13]]
```
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
---
Tag: ["🏕️", "🐧", "🇮🇸"]
Date: 2023-03-12
DocType: "WebClipping"
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp: 2023-03-12
Link: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/icelandic-town-goes-all-out-save-baby-puffins-180981518/
location:
CollapseMetaTable: true
---
Parent:: [[@News|News]]
Read:: 🟥
---
&emsp;
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-AnIcelandicTownGoesAllOuttoSaveBabyPuffinsNSave
&emsp;
# An Icelandic Town Goes All Out to Save Baby Puffins
Photographs by [Chris Linder](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/author/chris-linder/)
Two small, round eyes glint like shiny black sequins in the flashlight beam sweeping under the truck bed. Its a cold, rainy September night, and the dark figure huddled in the shallow space below is barely visible—but for its striking white chest. A young girl in a bright orange jacket crouches on the wet ground nearby, trying to coax the creature out.
Its well past the hour youd expect kids their age to be in bed. But 9-year-old Sigrún Anna Valsdóttir, peering under the truck bed, and 12-year-old Rakel Rut Rúnarsdóttir, shining the light, dont seem to notice the time or the cold. Theyre on a mission to rescue a puffling.
[![Cover image of the Smithsonian Magazine March 2023 issue](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/wMsYxxEyrAolr9iUJRWS7X-PtTo=/fit-in/300x0/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/a0/df/a0df34a8-1033-4b09-9a95-9d846d221c2a/mar23_cover_layout_p_2034527123_view.jpg)](https://subscribe.smithsonianmag.com/?idx=476&inetz=article-banner-ad)
![Rakel Rut Rúnarsdóttir proudly holds a puffling she has just rescued.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/_Ndkn7Y--so7dDz0x_XlyT4bSBY=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1858x1247:1859x1248)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/17/53/17536dc3-1b82-460d-b9fd-fd7f214a117a/mar2023_e16_puffins.jpg)
Rakel Rut Rúnarsdóttir proudly holds a puffling she has just rescued. The baby birds are often drawn to the most brightly illuminated areas, like this street in the town center. Chris Linder
Thats the name for a baby Atlantic puffin. This one made a wrong turn and got stranded on its maiden flight. Now they need to collect it and send it safely out to sea. Theres an unwritten rule around here, Im told. You cant quit until the puffling is safe.
Were in Vestmannaeyjabaer, a town of some 4,400 people perched on a roughly five-square-mile island off the southern coast of Iceland. The island, Heimaey, is the largest and the only inhabited one in the Westman archipelago—a cluster of volcanic isles, stacks and skerries thats home to the largest colony of Atlantic puffins on earth.
These chunky black-and-white seabirds with endearing sad clown faces are known and loved worldwide. But nobody loves puffins more than the people of Heimaey. Youre never far from a puffin in this fishing hamlet surrounded by soaring cliffs. When you roll off the ferry from the mainland, one of the first things you see is a stone puffin as tall as a man. Cartoonish puffin schnozzes jut from signposts pointing you around town. You can rest on a puffin park bench or watch kids ride puffin bouncy toys on the playground. Puffin whirligigs spin in the ever-present wind.
![The Vigtartorg playground near the waterfront. Heimaey, which means “Home Island” in Icelandic, abounds with the charismatic seabirds, real and whimsical.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/ta3cntzoCIP5NUiMh5Xzm7OonJg=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(655x986:656x987)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/41/62/416278c3-a1f7-40ca-8d7d-c30ed3c43e1d/mar2023_e10_puffins.jpg)
The Vigtartorg playground near the waterfront. Heimaey, which means “Home Island” in Icelandic, abounds with the charismatic seabirds, real and whimsical. Chris Linder
![Anton Ingi Eiriksson holds a puffling that he captured the night before.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/DTJkzRmPAyPsCvrNihTEIFMiAzI=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(656x983:657x984)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/51/7d/517d5566-37cd-422f-985d-53611e4b63e0/mar2023_e12_puffins.jpg)
Anton Ingi Eiriksson holds a puffling that he captured the night before. Chris Linder
The flesh-and-feather versions spend most of their lives far offshore in the cold waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. But for a few months every year, they come on land to breed. As they strut around their clifftop colonies in tuxedo plumage and with upright stances, puffins look like proud little men. The species scientific name, *Fratercula arctica*, means “little brother of the North.” Puffins are *lundi* in Icelandic, and on Heimaey a puffin chick has a special pet name: *pysja*.
In March, as the days lengthen, folks here begin looking forward to the birds return. Over the next several weeks, well over a million puffins will arrive in the Westman Islands megacolony. Life partners, separated during their time at sea, will reunite and lay their single egg in an underground burrow dug out of the grassy cliffs. The July sea and sky will churn with birds ferrying food to their hungry chicks.
The pufflings emerge at night from their underground digs in late August and September. Most adults have already departed for winter on the open ocean, likely heading for a seabird hot spot southeast of Greenland, along with jaunts from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. Now, its time for the chicks to follow the moon lighting their path to the water. For the next few years, the chicks will roam the North Atlantic on their own, possibly crossing the ocean before returning to their birth colony to breed.
![maps](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/jxtg_KZqXDijO6v4pkAXzkQ3wWk=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(700x330:701x331)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/2a/f6/2af6387e-a3be-4ce4-a0ac-97d5e23afaeb/map_diptych.jpg)
On Heimaey, one of the best places to spot puffins is Storhofdi in the south. The island is also home to volcanoes: The 1973 eruption of Eldfell ruined homes and covered the island in ash. Guilbert Gates
![The lights of Vestmannaeyjabaer, the only town in the Westman Islands. The fishing hamlet is a 40-minute ferry ride from Icelands mainland.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/oEpnMoLevUZ8vvyIQNFLhuJR1QA=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1651x1109:1652x1110)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/e6/43/e643edc5-3366-49a0-a63a-e006f7769731/mar2023_e11_puffins.jpg)
The lights of Vestmannaeyjabaer, the only town in the Westman Islands. The fishing hamlet is a 40-minute ferry ride from Icelands mainland. Chris Linder
But on their first flight after leaving the burrow, some young birds get confused by the lights of the town and head inland instead of out to sea. Puffins are amazing swimmers, able to dive up to 200 feet deep, thanks to bones that are dense—unlike the light, airy bones of most birds. But that makes it harder for them to take flight. At sea, the water provides a runway; in the colonies, they can launch from cliffs and catch a breeze. When pufflings land on the streets, however, their new wings are too weak to get them aloft from the flat ground, leaving them vulnerable to cars, predators and starvation.
Thats where Sigrún Anna and Rakel come in. Theyre part of the Puffling Patrol, a Heimaey volunteer brigade tasked with shepherding little puffins on their journey. Every year during the roughly monthlong fledging season, kids here get to stay up very late. On their own or with parents, on foot or by car, they roam the town peeking under parked vehicles, behind stacks of bins at the fish-processing plants, inside equipment jumbled at the harbor. The stranded young birds tend to take cover in tight spots. Flushing them out and catching them is the perfect job for nimble young humans. But the whole town joins in, even the police.
No one knows exactly when the tradition started. Lifelong resident Svavar Steingrímsson, 86, did it when he was young. He thinks the need arose when electric lights came to Heimaey in the early 1900s. Saving the young birds likely began as “a mix of sport and humanity,” Steingrímsson tells me in Icelandic translated by his grandson, Sindri Ólafsson. Also, he says, people probably wanted to sustain the population of what was then an important food source. (Puffin hunting remains a cherished cultural tradition here, but today the season length is largely restricted.)
As the town and its lights grew over the years, so did the number of wrong-way pufflings, says Steingrímsson, who once jumped into a freezing cold well to rescue one. These days, however, there are far fewer pufflings to rescue. Major puffin colonies from the British Isles to Norway have been struggling to produce young for years. In the Westman colony— birthplace of nearly one in four puffins in the North Atlantic today—the population has plunged by half since 2003. These heralds of the northern spring are now listed as endangered in Europe by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
A quarter century ago, when Sigrún Annas father, Valur Már Valmundsson, was a boy, he rescued as many as 100 pufflings in a night. His daughter and the other kids out tonight wont see that many in an entire season. Thats one reason theyre so intent on rescuing this one under the truck bed. The girls stand guard as Valmundsson, a burly chef on a commercial fishing boat, rakes a long metal pole toward the little bird. Inch by inch, the puffling backs away.
![Sigrún Anna Valsdóttir keeps her rescue snug. A puffling may travel as far as the Grand Banks, southeast of Newfoundland, and not touch land again for as long as three years.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/16bLcsUMuzoZMoBxMMd05USZVeQ=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(688x1032:689x1033)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/f9/19/f9199879-712e-4602-8cc8-c529ba168c12/mar2023_e15_puffins.jpg)
Sigrún Anna Valsdóttir keeps her rescue snug. A puffling may travel as far as the Grand Banks, southeast of Newfoundland, and not touch land again for as long as three years. Chris Linder
![a log of puffling measurements and leg bands](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/UoSz368OmyZfe57UL_xqCrNtM1Y=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(688x1032:689x1033)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/49/71/4971cb19-4d4f-4395-9064-94a98ebf630b/mar2023_e14_puffins.jpg)
A log of puffling measurements and leg bands. Chris Linder
Finally, after half an hour, the chick darts out the other side. It moves fast on its two webbed feet, but the girls are faster. Sigrún Anna wraps the bird in her mittened hands and shows it to me with a shy smile. Its sequin eyes sparkle in its gray face as it regards me calmly. Puffins kabuki faces, flashy bills and orange feet are attire for breeding, which this chick wont begin doing until its 4 or 5 years old. Tonight, it will sleep on a bed of grass in a cardboard box. Tomorrow, the girl in the bright orange jacket will stand on a cliff on the west side of the island. Shell toss the puffling into the air and watch it sail off to sea.
---
Driving through the wee hours of a cold Nordic night searching for pufflings is a surprisingly warm experience. As they roll up and down the quiet streets, shining flashlights out the car windows, Sandra Síf Sigvardsdóttir and her sister Berglind Sigvardsdóttir talk about everything under the sun.
“Its like going to a shrink in a car,” says Sandra Síf, a vivacious mother of three young girls who works as an aide for people with disabilities. She and Berglind, an EMT and mother of four, have been rescuing baby puffins since they were practically babies themselves, and they began teaching their own children before they were old enough to walk. Their childrens schoolmates call the sisters the Puffling Queens.
Around 1:30 a.m., on one of several nights I spend patrolling with them, two of Sandra Sífs daughters—Íris Dröfn Guðmundsdóttir, 8, and Eva Berglind Guðmundsdóttir, 5—drowse in the back rows of her minivan. Berglind is out in another car with her 14-year-old son, Arnar Gauti Eiríksson. The sisters chat on the phone and make plans to meet up later, after the children have been put to bed.
![Berglind Sigvardsdóttir shows her 10-month-old niece, Sara Björk Guðmundsdóttir, a puffling that older children in the family rescued and are about to release.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/oF6UiZQxmPYulZYT91dWxtoZmyc=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1239x826:1240x827)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/51/78/5178c77b-5433-42c6-b836-eba3c9305963/mar2023_e06_puffins.jpg)
Berglind Sigvardsdóttir shows her 10-month-old niece, Sara Björk Guðmundsdóttir, a puffling that older children in the family rescued and are about to release. Chris Linder
We slowly cruise past closed shops and dark restaurants. A man on a street corner waves us over. “Are you searching for pufflings?” he asks. He hands Sandra Síf a chick he just found as he walked home from a wedding. We head toward the harbor, passing kids on scooters. Two teenage boys tote a cardboard box. A car creeps along the waterfront with a small childs face looking out the back.
Earlier that night, Sandra Sífs daughters gave me a lesson in how to rescue pufflings. “Bring a flashlight. And gloves. And a box. Look for a beak,” the girls instructed in Icelandic, translated by their mother. “We make a noise with our feet, and then listen.” Why do you do it? I asked them. Why give up sleep for days to prowl around in the dark looking for lost birds? “Because its fun,” said Íris Dröfn. “Because theyre so cute,” Eva Berglind chimed in.
“If somebody says, Tell us one thing thats on your island, probably 99.9 percent will say, puffins,’” their mother replies when I ask her later. “Everything here revolves around puffins.”
Now its 2 a.m., and were still empty-handed. “When I was a kid, they were just pouring down,” Sandra Síf recollects wistfully. Finally, at nearly 2:30 a.m., we spot a puffling amid piles of fishing nets and ropes twisting like snakes. Sandra Síf wakes up Eva Berglind, who climbs out of her car seat and snatches the little bird. Shes just gotten back into her seat when we see another one. She clambers out again.
When the birds are secure in their cartons, I ask Eva Berglind how she feels. “Freezing,” she says, rubbing her hands. “And tired.” The little girl yawns and closes her eyes, a whisper of a smile on her sleepy face.
---
A puffling dangles in a duct-tape-wrapped cylinder. Its part of a weighing contraption in the Puffling Patrol headquarters, where rescuers can bring chicks to be checked out and registered before release. Rodrigo Martínez Catalán, a research assistant with the [South Iceland Nature Research Center](https://www.government.is/topics/foreign-affairs/iceland-in-europe/eea-grants/partnership-opportunities-in-iceland/opportunity/?itemid=e9717a60-9878-11eb-8134-005056bc8c60), frowns as he records the birds weight and wing length. Another small one. It will need to stay and be fed until it grows large enough to let go.
Catalán started the 2022 season with high hopes. The breeding catastrophes that had plagued the colony since 2003 had recently started to improve. For the previous few years, most of the Westman Islands megacolonys 1.1 million burrows had produced big, healthy chicks. The 2021 crop had numbered roughly 700,000, and most were expected to survive.
![Research assistant Rodrigo Martínez Catalán examines a rescued bird](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/npUtxmhIhrygFkJRwx32Kc5oEMk=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1239x826:1240x827)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/a1/2e/a12ebcb2-875c-4403-9385-47d6da2ff7c3/mar2023_e09_puffins.jpg)
Research assistant Rodrigo Martínez Catalán examines a rescued bird. Chris Linder
![An immature puffling, still covered in down, in the Puffling Patrol operations center at its parent organization, Sea Life Trust.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/iEa_yqrqF4xRiIh_sRfeFq6e0Cs=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1593x1062:1594x1063)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/ff/58/ff581fe0-239e-4710-8bf7-d65f64017dd1/mar2023_e17_puffins.jpg)
An immature puffling, still covered in down, in the Puffling Patrol operations center at its parent organization, Sea Life Trust Chris Linder
“The parameters were all giving the green light,” said Catalán, a wildlife biologist who moved here from his native Spain. He and colleagues were hopeful that a turnaround was underway. But halfway through the summer of 2022, nearly half the chicks had died—apparently from starvation, Cataláns boss, biologist Erpur Snær Hansen, tells me. The pufflings Catalán was seeing at the center were lighter than average, with lower odds of surviving their first winter. And the number of rescues was down. The season was beginning to look more like a relapse than a rebound.
Icelands puffin population has long waxed and waned, following natural ocean temperature cycles, says Hansen, the nature research centers director. As Icelands chief puffin scientist, Hansen makes a twice-yearly circuit of the nations colonies to report on the seasons breeding success. He has compiled more than a century of Westman Islands sea surface temperature and hunting records to create the worlds longest puffin population data set. Historically, reproduction slumped when a warm phase tanked the supply of sandeel—a nutritious, pencil-shaped fish that the Westman Islands megacolony relies on to feed its chicks. Sustained higher temperatures perturb sandeel metabolism and reproduction, causing a scarcity of prey close enough to the colony for parents to reach while tending young. Some years, most chicks have starved. Other years, most of the colony has skipped breeding altogether. Then, when sea surface temperatures moderated, puffling numbers ramped up again.
Puffins are a long-lived species—topping 25 years on average and up to a venerable 36—so colonies can withstand some years of breeding failure and still have adults around to try again. But nothing in the records stretching back to 1880 comes close to the cataclysmic population crash this century, Hansen says. For a decade and a half starting in 2003, chick production was below sustainable population levels. Scientists are investigating the reasons, but it looks like normal fluctuations are being amplified and disrupted by climate change. “We are seeing something extraordinary,” Hansen tells me. “Changes that just slap you in the face, theyre so big.”
![Erpur Snær Hansen](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/UqTaNbZ82uUgXQwy3JHHzFMxnao=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1239x826:1240x827)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/30/09/3009e793-8b7d-4af8-9317-2055851e3778/mar2023_e08_puffins.jpg)
Scientist Erpur Snær Hansen checks instruments recording environmental conditions. Chris Linder
![puffin](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/d2u6f71df1kli5qs4BkJKr0mpW4=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(2692x1795:2693x1796)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/b5/e3/b5e38048-2c3b-41b5-b031-63bc2e666c7f/mar2023_e07_puffins.jpg)
At sea, a puffins dark back helps conceal it from predators above, and its white belly from predators below. An adults bright colors appear only in the breeding season. Chris Linder
Seabird babies face a tight schedule in the short northern summers. After around six weeks in the egg, pufflings have roughly six weeks to grow and fledge before winter returns. Yet in recent years, puffin breeding in the Westman Islands has sometimes been more than two weeks delayed. Hansen thinks the delays are linked to late starts for the spring ocean productivity cycle. If the puffins began breeding at their usual time while food sources lagged behind, their chicks would arrive without enough to eat. When breeding is postponed, however, chicks are robbed of precious growing time.
Breeding disruptions are also underway in Norway, says Tone Reiertsen, a seabird biologist with the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. In the Barents Sea colony she monitors, the puffins have been prolonging their pre-breeding period, taking more time to fatten up in preparation for the rigors of producing eggs and rearing chicks. But this does not seem to increase the colonys breeding success, she says. Reiertsen is investigating the grim possibility that the changing environment may exceed breeding puffins ability to adapt. “They still try to breed, and the chicks are dying.”
Shifting ocean circulation is at least partly to blame for the puffins plight, Hansen and other scientists believe. In the subpolar gyre south of Greenland, cold, nutrient-rich Arctic water mixes with warmer, nutrient-poor water from the south. By controlling the mixture, the gyre governs the annual spring bloom of phytoplankton, the base of the ocean food web. For most of this century, the gyre has been weak, Hansen says—allowing more southern water into the system, which dials back the supply of silicate, a mineral essential for the tiny organisms growth. The Westman colonys breeding disasters correspond to low-silicate years, Hansens observations find.
![Puffin on cliff](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/UJqiYVr362rk4vnb_ePUATeo-Js=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1398x932:1399x933)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/c0/05/c005a838-1fd9-4083-b517-0a34d18ae46a/mar2023_e04_puffins.jpg)
Some rescuers release a puffling by tossing it in the air, while others simply place it on the clifftop, where it launches itself over the edge, catches a breeze and glides down to sea. Chris Linder
![Puffin on cliff 2](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/AhS42mGoA9V0vkdK6_whlcKHKOI=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1239x826:1240x827)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/55/ae/55aeec1d-16c0-4b81-ac2c-c8fdc55023b2/mar2023_e03_puffins.jpg)
Offshore, puffins can rise by flapping their wings and paddling their webbed feet across the water. Chris Linder
![Puffin on cliff 3](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/H1kaKwWrQfm_vD3zOYPx3heFUwM=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1402x935:1403x936)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/d3/a9/d3a9089a-fe64-4f13-9c5f-7e3facaeb944/mar2023_e02_puffins.jpg)
Takeoff is more difficult from the land. Chris Linder
At sea, climate change is increasingly fueling extreme storms that prevent birds from feeding, which causes mass die-offs. Puffins and other seabirds also face threats from overfishing, marine pollution, invasive species and more. Rising numbers of voracious mackerel in Icelandic waters, for instance, may outcompete the puffins prey. And some puffins may be exceptionally vulnerable to the changing environment, due to their unusual habit of molting twice—leaving them flightless for more than two months—during their time at sea.
Nonetheless, Hansen says hes hopeful for Westman Islands puffins future, at least in the short term. Both silicate levels and chick production have been ticking up in the past few years. And despite the dramatic drop in 2022, when the total number of pufflings rescued ended up less than half that of the year before, Hansen says it still surpassed the “abysmal horror” years when almost no chicks survived. “There is a real increase,” Hansen says. “Its really good compared to zero.”
---
At a sea cliff called Hamarinn, a parade of families arrives with boxes. Crowds watch as children stand on a low stone wall, flinging chicks skyward to spread their wings and glide down to the water below.
It seems as if all of Heimaey—and then some—is at Hamarinn at some point during my visit. A group of international students from Estonia liberates a puffling found on an island tour. A tourist from Wisconsin snaps photos. Families with members too young or too old for the Puffling Patrol come to watch.
Ágústa Ósk Georgsdóttir and Sunna Tórshamar Georgsdóttir, two sisters in their 20s, are here many days with a trunkload of rescued birds. “I feel proud that I helped it get to the ocean,” Ágústa says as she watches one fly off. “And maybe someday Ill rescue its pufflings,” Sunna adds. Together, the sisters, who work as caregivers at a nursing home, will rescue 125 pufflings this season.
![Children head to Hamarinn with boxes of pufflings to be released.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/JOn1Sdc_nak5Fm9qZSZ_AYwzbug=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1445x963:1446x964)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/c8/77/c8770366-85a6-4b09-99d4-fcbc05f10470/mar2023_e13_puffins.jpg)
Children head to Hamarinn with boxes of pufflings to be released. Chris Linder
![Seabird nesting areas along the cliffs of Heimaey. Puffins dig underground burrows in the grassy slopes, often returning to the same nest year after year.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/Uey6IJyohBL3VMKgcY1MDxD9XLw=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(2636x1983:2637x1984)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/af/76/af76f04b-2a2e-449c-9f4d-48076ac7a959/mar2023_e01_puffins.jpg)
Seabird nesting areas along the cliffs of Heimaey. Puffins dig underground burrows in the grassy slopes, often returning to the same nest year after year. Chris Linder
![Sandra Síf Sigvardsdóttir hands her daughter, Eva Berglind Guðmundsdóttir, age 5, a puffling to be released at the Hamarinn sea cliff.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/lH9EsTmuxPzYi_5b_IW137mtAXo=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(640x427:641x428)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/7e/11/7e11dc44-1444-4a00-b999-d50d34627ec6/mar2023_e18_puffins.jpg)
Sandra Síf Sigvardsdóttir hands her daughter Eva Berglind Guðmundsdóttir, age 5, a puffling to be released at the Hamarinn sea cliff. Chris Linder
Hope is the thing that drives the people of Heimaey to care for pufflings. I see it in Berglind, whos taken one of the scrawny ones home to fatten it up. Six times a day, she cuts capelin fish into baby-bird-sized slices and feeds it to the chick. “The pufflings need us to help them,” she says, smiling as we watch the little bird swallow a slice whole and wriggle to work it down. “Its kind of a mothering instinct thing.”
I see that feeling in the tattooed hipster who hops out of his car in the middle of the night to pick up a puffling that has just fallen from the sky. Its there in the high school girls driving around with a puffling in the back seat—and the schoolgirl bicycling to Hamarinn with a puffling in one hand. Its shared by the teachers, who put up with sleepy students because they were out late on Puffling Patrol themselves.
The reward is setting a bird free. Íris Dröfn strides with solemn purpose atop the rock wall with a puffin cap on her head and a puffling in her hands. Her youngest sister, 10-month-old Sara Björk, watches wide-eyed, looking eager to get in the game just as soon as she can.
![Triptych Íris Dröfn Guðmundsdóttir demonstrates the popular underhand puffling toss. With her hands holding the birds wings tight to its body, she gently swings the puffling down once and then releases it as she swings it upwards.](https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/HrVsKevpjuDXtpUVq_aNucqpb4M=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1935x424:1936x425)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/c1/12/c112f220-1344-442b-8ae8-3d0a761447be/triptych.jpg)
Íris Dröfn Guðmundsdóttir demonstrates the popular underhand puffling toss. Chris Linder
“Shes got no choice,” Sandra Síf says. “If shes going to be my baby, shes got to love pufflings.”
Its a passion Sandra Síf loves to share. Before photographer Chris Linder and I leave the island, she meets us at the ferry with a cardboard box. Inside is a puffling for us to release during our ride.
Now, as the promise of spring stirs puffins yearning for land, the folks of Heimaey are eager for their return. “It is a big part of the whole summer,” says Jóhann Freyr Ragnarsson, a retired mariner who grew up rescuing pufflings. “It is news in the local newspaper when the first puffins come to the cliffs.”
Perhaps a few years from now, one of these returning birds will be the puffling I saw last fall, tossed into the air by a young girl in a bright orange jacket, her arms held aloft as she watched it fly off over the ocean, full of wonder and hope as she saved one small part of the world.
[Birds](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/tag/birds/) [children](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/tag/children/) [Climate Change](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/tag/climate-change/) [Iceland](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/tag/iceland-1/) [Sea Birds](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/tag/sea-birds/)
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# Bull elephants their importance as individuals in elephant societies - Africa Geographic
![Elephant bull](https://africageographic.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/20160320-Elephant-Khumaga-001.jpg)
Image source: Dr Kate Evans, Elephants for Africa
*Written by Dr Kate Evans, [Elephants for Africa](http://www.elephantsforafrica.org/)*
**It has long been recognised that older female elephants are pivotal to elephant ecology and herd survival (McComb *et al.* 2011; Foley *et al.* 2008; Moss *et al.* 2011), but what of older males?** Longevity in males is associated with size (the older the bull, the taller he is), dominance, prolonged musth periods and reproductive success (Hollister-Smith et al. 2007). Until recently, the social life of bulls has drawn less interest from researchers and tourists alike, being viewed as solitary when not having random associations with other bulls or joining female herds for mating opportunities.
The realisation of the importance of the social ecology of male elephants and the role of older males in their society came at a considerable cost when wildlife areas in South Africa, that had introduced young Kruger cull orphans without the social structure of older individuals, lost an incredible amount of rhino due to male adolescent elephant attacks. These young males were hitting puberty and immediately going into musth (a condition not generally experienced until a male elephant is in this mid to late twenties) as there were no older bulls to suppress it.
Coming into premature musth, they sought out reproduction opportunities, and when the young female elephants showed no interest they turned their attention to rhinos; these unusual interactions turned aggressive which often resulted in the death of the rhino. The introduction of older bulls into these areas soon put a stop to most of this delinquent behaviour (Slotow *et al.* 2000; Slotow & van Dyk 2001).
This period of adolescence is one of enormous change for young males, hitting puberty at the average age of 14 years (Short, Mann & Hay 1967; Lee 1986) and becoming independent of their herd by their early twenties (Poole 1989). It is a time of transition for bulls from leaving their herd to joining bull society.
Not only are they leaving their natal herd, but they are also leaving their natal area (Moss 1988), and so the knowledge of where to go for food and water  which they will have learned during their time with their herd  will be of limited use to them as they explore new areas.
How best do you learn where resources are in these new areas? Perhaps the easiest way to learn is from those that have thrived there  the larger, and therefore older, bulls that show by their physical presence that they know where good resources are.
![Elephant herd at river](https://africageographic.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2013-02-029.jpg)
Image source: Dr Kate Evans, Elephants for Africa
Our studies on male elephants in the Okavango Delta and subsequently the Makgadikgadi Pans National Park in Botswana has shown that male elephants are selective of who they spend time with, choosing to be in groups with males of a similar age (Evans & Harris 2008) which, when you are trying to assert yourself in your new social network, would be the best place to be as these are the individuals with whom you want to establish the social hierarchy.
Not only do they choose which age groups to hang out with they are also selective of the individual they spend time with, forming bonds with particular individuals (Pitfield 2017). However, when we looked at who their nearest neighbours were when in all-male groups, we found that males of all ages prefer to be closest to those in the older age classification (>36 years of age) those that are often referred to as past their reproductive prime and surplus to the biological needs of the population.
Our research in the Okavango Delta was focused in a bull area, with the majority of sightings being of males and a healthy population of older individuals. However, this changed over time with the western Delta becoming wetter from 2008 onwards, with more permanent water resources becoming available and an increase in females. We then started seeing less of the older males and wondered where they were going.
Males are often referred to as higher risk-takers and more exploratory, and thus it is no surprise that it is the males that are leading the way of the expansion of the Botswana elephants into historical rangelands.
At the same time, we noticed the large bulls were frequenting our study area in the western Delta less, and reports were coming to us about large aggregations of males in the Makgadikgadi Pans National Park, south of the Delta.
In 2012 we moved to this area to retain our focus on bull elephant ecology in a bull area  to further our understanding of bull social ecology and the role of bull areas and to address the increasing issue of human-elephant competition in the area.
In 2009, the Boteti River started to flow again after a hiatus of some 18 years, this vital resource of water drew in elephants and other wildlife, alongside the human population. While an obvious valuable physical resource for elephants, it soon became apparent that it serves as an important social resource, with male elephants spending a lot of time here interacting with other males (not just drinking and bathing), with aggregations of 100 males not an uncommon sighting.
![Elephant crossing over fence](https://africageographic.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/imj_14-09-015.jpg)
© Jess Isden
Here the majority of our sightings are of male elephants (98% of all sightings), and again we are seeing that the older bulls are playing an essential role in bull society. It may well be that these large numbers at the river allow them to select who to hang out with. Given the close proximity to community lands, and the predominance of older bulls raiding the crops (Stevens 2018), it may also be that younger bulls are learning the value of human habitation to their dietary requirements by spending time with these older males.
The management and conservation of elephants is always a hot topic of debate, from the effects of large offtake due to poaching and or management strategies, which individuals to hunt and who to translocate. Historically these decisions have been based purely on numbers with herd integrity being taken into account in later years.
As we learn more about the social requirements of male elephants, we must consider these in the management and conservation decisions we make; the importance of the older individual to normal society and the importance of bonds in the stability of populations.
---
**Referenes**
• Evans, K. & Harris, S. (2008). Adolescence in male African elephants, *Loxodonta africana*, and the importance of sociality. **76**, 779-787
• Foley, C., Pettorelli, N, & Foley, L. (2008) Severe drought and calf survival in elephants. Biology Letters **4**(5) 541-544
• Hollister-Smith, J., Poole, J.H., Archie, E.A., Vance, E.A., Georgiadis, N.J., Moss, C.J. & Alberts, S.C. (2007). Age, musth and paternity success in wild male elephants, *Loxodonta africana*. *Animal Behaviour*, **74,** 287-296
• Lee, P.C. (1986) Early social development among African elephant calves. *National Geographic Research,* **2**, 388-401.
• McComb, K., Moss, C., Durant, S.M., Baker, L. & Sayialel, S. (2001) Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in African elephants. *Science,* **292**, 491-494.
• Moss, C. (1988) *Elephant Memories*. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA.
• Moss, C. J., Harvey C., & Lee, P.C. eds. (2011) The Amboseli elephants: a long-term perspective on a long-lived mammal. *University of Chicago Press* 
• Pitfield, A.R. (2017) *The social and environmental factors affecting the life of bull African elephants (*Loxodonta africana*) in a bull area a social network analysis*. MSc Thesis. University of Bristol. pp87
• Poole, J.H. (1989) Announcing intent: the aggressive state of musth in African elephants. *Animal Behaviour*, **37**, 140-152.
• Short, R.V., Mann, T. & Hay, M.F. (1967) Male reproductive organs of the African elephant. *Journal of Reproductive Fertility*, **13**, 517-536.
• Slotow, R. & Van Dyk, G. (2001) Role of delinquent young “orphan” male elephants in high mortality of white rhinoceros in Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa. *Koedoe,* **44**, 85-94.
• Slotow, R., Balfour, D. & Howison, O. (2001) Killing of black and white rhinoceroses by African elephants in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, South Africa. *Pachyderm*, **31**, 14-20.
• Stevens, J. (2018) Understanding human-elephant interactions in and around Makgadikgadi Pans National Park, Botswana. PhD Thesis, University of Bristol. pp243
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# How a civil war erupted at Fox News after the 2020 election
![](https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2023/03/07/laura-ingraham-75e0f1d5968ad3c48e900af1863614600cd8bf5d-s1100-c50.jpg)
Fox News host Laura Ingraham said the head of the network's political Decision Desk "always made my skin crawl," in messages to stars Tucker Carlson and Sean Hannity following the 2020 election. **Alex Wong/Getty Images** ****hide caption****
****toggle caption****
Alex Wong/Getty Images
![](https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2023/03/07/laura-ingraham-75e0f1d5968ad3c48e900af1863614600cd8bf5d-s1200.jpg)
Fox News host Laura Ingraham said the head of the network's political Decision Desk "always made my skin crawl," in messages to stars Tucker Carlson and Sean Hannity following the 2020 election.
Alex Wong/Getty Images
The aftermath of the 2020 presidential election sparked a civil war within Fox News, as the network that had spent years building record profits and ratings by catering to fans of then-President Donald Trump saw millions of those viewers peel away.
In private notes to one another, Fox's top stars spat fire at their reporting colleagues who debunked Trump's claims of election fraud, even as they gave those allegations no credence. "We are officially working for an organization that hates us," said prime-time host Laura Ingraham.
Reporters said they were being punished simply for doing their jobs. One producer told colleagues he was quitting because he could not justify working for Fox anymore.
And the network's chief executive, Suzanne Scott, said pressure from conservatives online meant that she couldn't defend "these reporters who don't understand our viewers and how to handle stories."
These exchanges, some of which have been quoted by previous legal filings, have been captured by Dominion Voting Systems' legal team. The election tech company is suing Fox for $1.6 billion over bogus claims it helped cheat Trump of victory in 2020. Fox maintains the false charges, spread by a sitting president and his advocates, were inherently newsworthy, and that any challenge to its ability to air such claims represents a strike against First Amendment principles.
### Legal observers cite an avalanche of evidence in a powerhouse case
The level of discovery in this case — an avalanche of evidence — would trigger disclosures that would make any news organization quail. In a statement, Fox News accused Dominion of "using distortions and misinformation in their PR campaign to smear Fox News and trample on free speech." But legal observers say Dominion has put together a powerhouse case.
The internal strife at Fox stemmed from a single fateful decision blending journalism and broadcasting: Fox's dramatic election night 2020 projection of Joe Biden as the winner of Arizona. It was the first TV network to do so, and it made the prospect of a Trump victory remote.
The fury from the top was palpable. "I hate our Decision Desk people!" Fox Corp. boss Rupert Murdoch wrote on Nov. 7, the night the networks projected Biden would prevail nationally. He confided to Col Allan, the editor of his tabloid paper, *The New York Post*: "Just for the hell of it still praying for Az to prove them wrong!"
By mid-November, a small cadre of Fox reporters were debunking some of the lies and wild conspiracies of election projected by the Trump camp, often echoed on Fox's airwaves.
In a group chat of the network's three biggest prime-time stars on Nov. 15, Tucker Carlson noted that a segment by Fox reporter Eric Shawn was being used by the Daily Beast to assail Maria Bartiromo — one of the most pro-Trump hosts on the network.
"What are we all going to do \[tomorrow\] night," Ingraham responded. "I think 1-2-3 Punch."
Carlson wrote he didn't trust attorney Sidney Powell, who appeared on Fox repeatedly to allege Dominion committed fraud against Trump. Ingraham called her "a bit nuts." (Separately, Carlson wrote to an associate, "I hate \[Trump\] passionately.")
### "My anger at the news channel is pronounced"
Yet they reserved their anger for their reporting colleagues, mocking, for example, Arnon Mishkin, the director of the Fox News Decision Desk. "Mishkin always made my skin crawl," she texted the other two prime-time hosts.
How much of the network's ratings "bleed is due to anger at the news channel?" Ingraham asked, adding "My anger at the news channel is pronounced."
"It should be," Carlson responded. "We devote our lives to building an audience and they let \[*Fox News Sunday* host\] Chris Wallace and \[correspondent and anchor\] Leland f------ Vittert wreck it."
"Let's be honest," Hannity joked. "Without Chris Wallace where would we be? We owe him everything."
Ingraham then prods her peers, saying "We have more power than we know or exercise."
The message was received at the network's top echelons.
Fox Corp. boss Lachlan Murdoch called Vittert "smug and obnoxious" for his coverage of pro-Trump rallies supporting ideas of electoral fraud.
And CEO Suzanne Scott and Fox News President Jay Wallace, the network's executive editor, exchanged irate notes a few days later after appearances by White House reporter Kristin Fisher.
### "I can't keep defending these reporters who don't understand our viewers"
On Nov. 19, Fisher appeared on Fox host Dana Perino's afternoon program knocking down claims made by Trump campaign attorney Rudy Giuliani. "That was certainly a colorful news conference from Rudy Giuliani but it was light on facts," Fisher told viewers that night. "So much of what he said was simply not true or has already been thrown out in court." And she unraveled many of Giuliani's false claims.
Fox founder Rupert Murdoch was scathing about Giuliani in his own private remarks. So were other executives. But that night, Scott shot off an email to Jay Wallace calling Fisher's segment "editorializing."
"I can't keep defending these reporters who don't understand our viewers and how to handle stories," Scott wrote. "The audience feels like we crapped on \[it\] and we have damaged their trust and belief in us."
She concluded, "We can fix this but we cannot smirk at our viewers any longer."
Wallace replied, "She has been spoken to — internet definitely seized on it."
A Fox Corp. staffer warned of "a backlash from the pro-Trump orbit," citing social media posts from a trio of right-wing commentators who have spread baseless conspiracy theories.
### "I'm being punished for doing my job. Literally."
Fisher vented to a colleague over the pressure she felt. The two women said they each had lost assignments to serve as guest anchor on news shows and their appearances on other programs had dried up. "I have had zero live shots from the \[White House\] except for \[*Special Report*\]," Fisher texted to reporter Gillian Turner. (*Special Report*, anchored by Fox's Bret Baier, is the network's prime political newscast.)
"F---. Really?" Turner replied. "You think they pulled you from anchoring over that sh--?"
"100%," Fisher wrote. "I'm being punished for doing my job. Literally. That's it."
In late November, Hannity chatted by text with *Fox & Friends* host Steve Doocy. It was Thanksgiving weekend, and Hannity sent a picture of his turkey. "This year is gonna suck my friend," Hannity texted Doocy. "'News' destroyed us'."
"Every day," replied Doocy. Nine seconds later, Hannity texted, "You don't piss off the base."
"They don't care," Doocy wrote, mockingly. "They are JOURNALISTS."
Doocy's son Peter had covered the Biden 2020 campaign for Fox News as a reporter and became its White House correspondent the following January.
### "I couldn't defend my employer to my daughter"
On Dec. 9, reporter Gillian Turner picked up the theme once more, writing to Kristin Fisher that she was no longer being asked to fill in as a host on the popular morning show *Fox & Friends*. "That makes two of us!" Fisher texted. "It's a sh-- network. I'm 100% being muzzled."
A producer on *Special Report* later wrote to Fisher of his decision to leave the network, saying Fox "removed every panelist on SR who spoke out against Trump\['\]s false election sh--."
Phil Vogel wrote he was taking a pay cut and forgoing six weeks paid leave to get out. "The post election coverage of 'voter fraud' was the complete end," Vogel wrote, citing the birth of his daughter. "I realized I couldn't defend my employer to my daughter while trying to teach her to do what is right."
### A rash of departures followed internal clashes
The network took two hours of political news programs and gave them to opinion hosts; it laid off a significant number of writers and reporters; and it forced out political director Chris Stirewalt and Washington Managing Editor Bill Sammon, both of whom were part of the decision desk team that made the Arizona projection for Biden.
While Turner remains with the network, Vogel left for a software technology company in early 2021. So did Leland Vittert, now with News Nation. Fisher departed Fox for CNN that spring.
Carlson moved on to new conspiracy theories, seeking to discredit the import of the bloody siege of the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021, by Trump supporters intent on blocking the formal congressional certification of Biden's victory. Carlson has variously suggested it was organized by antifa and the FBI. This week, he relied on snippets of official video released to him by House Speaker Kevin McCarthy, a Trump ally, to contend falsely that the insurrection represented the harmless ambling of peaceful protesters.
Carlson's show feeding such baseless beliefs led Fox commentators Jonah Goldberg and Stephen Hayes to leave Fox in fall 2021. *Fox News Sunday*'s Chris Wallace followed suit a few weeks later, taking a job at CNN.
*Mary Yang and Maddy Lauria contributed to this story.*
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@ -38,16 +38,6 @@ By , features writer at New York Magazine and the Cut who covers culture, style,
Photo: Pierpaolo Ferrari and Maurizio Cattelan
![](https://pyxis.nymag.com/v1/imgs/014/3ae/a194dc675007e5f2fa6ccb46b0f235de06-NYM-Spider-webnew.rhorizontal.w1100.jpg)
Photo: Pierpaolo Ferrari and Maurizio Cattelan
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**Allison is an actress.** When we meet up for coffee — she has an almond-milk cortado — in midtown, somethings different about her, but Im not sure what. She looks like an Instagram version of herself but in real life.
It turns out shes down about ten pounds and happy about it. “Somebody once told me I had a size-zero personality, and they assumed that I was thinner than I was,” she tells me. “We dont talk about it, but everybody knows it. Thin is power.”
@ -80,7 +70,7 @@ Photo: Pierpaolo Ferrari and Maurizio Cattelan
Then Adele lost all that weight.
As did countless other celebrities. A flood of gossipy media coverage followed. Which [celebrities are or arent on Ozempic](https://www.thecut.com/2023/02/celebrities-ozempic-kyle-richards-khloe-kardashian.html) became a new blind-item staple. The drugs breakout moment was the discussion of whether Kim Kardashian used it to fit into [Marilyn Monroes dress](https://www.thecut.com/2022/05/2022-met-gala-kim-kardashian.html) for the 2022 Met Gala. (She denied it.) Only a few admit it openly, as Elon Musk did about using Wegovy. Rumors flew of Hollywood “Ozempic parties,” and there were passionate denunciations by [Real Housewives](https://www.thecut.com/2023/02/jackie-goldschneider-real-housewives-ozempic.html) who swore theyve never touched it. [Chelsea Handler](https://www.thecut.com/2023/01/chelsea-handler-ozempic.html) attempted to split the difference by claiming, on the *Call Her Daddy* podcast, that she had been on semaglutide, didnt realize it was akin to Ozempic, and stopped when she found out. #Ozempic has racked up hundreds of millions of impressions on TikTok. [Meghan McCain](https://www.thecut.com/2023/02/meghan-mccain-ozempic.html), the former co-host of *The View,* wrote an angry op-ed for the *Daily Mail* about being “urged” to take it to lose her baby weight. (She refused.)
As did countless other celebrities. A flood of gossipy media coverage followed. Which [celebrities are or arent on Ozempic](https://www.thecut.com/2023/02/celebrities-ozempic-kyle-richards-khloe-kardashian.html) became a new blind-item staple. The drugs breakout moment was the discussion of whether Kim Kardashian used it to fit into [Marilyn Monroes dress](https://www.thecut.com/2022/05/2022-met-gala-kim-kardashian.html) for the 2022 Met Gala. (She denied it.) Only a few admit it openly, as Elon Musk did about using Wegovy. Rumors flew of Hollywood “Ozempic parties,” and there were passionate denunciations by [Real Housewives](https://www.thecut.com/2023/02/jackie-goldschneider-real-housewives-ozempic.html) who swore theyve never touched it. [Chelsea Handler](https://www.thecut.com/2023/01/chelsea-handler-ozempic.html) attempted to split the difference by claiming, on the *Call Her Daddy* podcast, that she had been on semaglutide, didnt realize it was akin to Ozempic, and stopped when she found out. `#Ozempic` has racked up hundreds of millions of impressions on TikTok. [Meghan McCain](https://www.thecut.com/2023/02/meghan-mccain-ozempic.html), the former co-host of *The View,* wrote an angry op-ed for the *Daily Mail* about being “urged” to take it to lose her baby weight. (She refused.)
Although its been approved and prescribed since 2017, the buy-in of Hollywood, openly or not, took Ozempic from medicine to status symbol. The message that dramatic weight loss is now readily, effortlessly available for those who can afford it spread across text chains and friend groups along with referrals to willing prescribers. Not since Botox, and before that Viagra, has a drug brand become so well known so quickly.
@ -98,9 +88,7 @@ Komodo Health, a firm that tracks health-care data for 330 million patient files
At NYU Langone Healths Weight Management Program, they have eclipsed all the competition. “The last six months, Ive written 1,400 prescriptions for semaglutide,” says Dr. Holly Lofton, the programs director. These medications are “hands down the most common prescription since they came out.” Patients ask for them by name, and even the need to inject the medicine, which for previous drugs had scared some off, has taken on an appealing aura. “They come in begging for it,” she says. “If I give them pills, theyre disappointed.”
Rosie ODonnell has been taking Mounjaro for diabetes since December. Elon Musk tweeted in October that his dramatic weight loss was from fasting and Wegovy. Photo: Gary Gershoff/Getty Images (ODonnell); Gotham/Getty Images (Musk);.
Rosie ODonnell has been taking Mounjaro for diabetes since December. Elon Musk tweeted in October that his dramatic weight loss was from fasting and ... Rosie ODonnell has been taking Mounjaro for diabetes since December. Elon Musk tweeted in October that his dramatic weight loss was from fasting and Wegovy. Photo: Gary Gershoff/Getty Images (ODonnell); Gotham/Getty Images (Musk);.
Rosie ODonnell has been taking Mounjaro for diabetes since December. Elon Musk tweeted in October that his dramatic weight loss was from fasting and Wegovy. Photo: Gary Gershoff/Getty Images (ODonnell); Gotham/Getty Images (Musk).
**Lets be clear:** For those who need them — medically rather than cosmetically — the drugs are a godsend. The primary indication for Ozempic and Mounjaro — and the only condition they are currently FDA-approved for — is the treatment of type-2 diabetes (the lifestyle-contingent, typically adult-onset diabetes, as opposed to the congenital, early-onset type-1). Diabetes is an American epidemic; [according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html), 37.3 million adults in the U.S. are diabetic and another 96 million prediabetic. Obesity, an associated chronic disease, affects millions, too.
@ -126,8 +114,6 @@ But for Arthur, a longtime gourmand, getting it has been a relief. “Its a b
Chelsea Handler said she didnt realize shed been on a semaglutide. Kim Kardashian denied using Ozempic, though rumors were rampant after her Met Gala appearance. Photo: Axelle/Bauer-Griffin/FilmMagic (Handler); Gotham/Getty Images (Kardashian).
Chelsea Handler said she didnt realize shed been on a semaglutide. Kim Kardashian denied using Ozempic, though rumors were rampant after her Met Gal... Chelsea Handler said she didnt realize shed been on a semaglutide. Kim Kardashian denied using Ozempic, though rumors were rampant after her Met Gala appearance. Photo: Axelle/Bauer-Griffin/FilmMagic (Handler); Gotham/Getty Images (Kardashian).
**The tension between** those who need it — and may not be able to get it — and those who want it but dont, in the eyes of the larger culture, necessarily need it, is one of the defining qualities of the Ozempic moment. The whole shaky edifice of wellness rested on the rickety foundations of body acceptance: Everyone was beautiful; it was the standards, not the bodies themselves, that were wrong. Which is true, of course — it just turned out we only sublimated the standards, hid them behind vagaries of looking good, feeling good, and being so much more buoyant without dairy, or gluten, or whatever. How quickly weve [abandoned our contortions and commitments to acceptance](https://www.thecut.com/2022/10/internet-thin-culture-is-back.html) as soon as a silver bullet comes around, and how fulfilling some seem to find it to be the thing they swore theyd overcome. Which may be the reason that among those who are winching themselves tighter and tighter, its still whispered rather than shouted. If that. “Should anyone suddenly appear svelte, I just assume its Ozempic,” says Lauren Santo Domingo, the social fixture and chief brand officer of Moda Operandi. “However, if they elaborate unprompted on their new diet, then I know its Ozempic.”
The most dominant body isnt even the body that walks around with us all day; its the one photographed and disseminated. “Its like everyone is so psychologically damaged from living a two-dimensional life,” Alissa Bennett, who writes and lectures about art and is a director at the Gladstone Gallery, tells me. Shes found herself talking about Ozempic all the time; everyone takes it, and she considers it bizarrely accessible. Its like Facetune injected into real life. “Do you read the *Daily Mail* ever?” she asks me. “Theyre like, Look at these Photoshop fails! and people have waists that have a circumference of four inches. And so when it sort of happened” — that everyones real waists were whittled down to skewers, too — “the weird thing is I didnt really notice it.”

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# Mel Brooks Isnt Done Punching Up the History of the World
![Mel Brooks at home in Santa Monica, Calif.](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2023/03/12/multimedia/11dowd-brooks-01-qgmb/11dowd-brooks-01-qgmb-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale)
Credit...Chantal Anderson for The New York Times
The comedian, at 96, is happy to inspire a new generation to make their own Hitler jokes.
Mel Brooks at home in Santa Monica, Calif.Credit...Chantal Anderson for The New York Times
- March 11, 2023
Mel Brooks is a sophisticated guy. He collected fancy French wines and did a [tasting](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsySTjwZUdQ) on Johnny Carsons show. He drops references to Nikolai Gogols “Dead Souls.” He was married for 40 years to that epitome of elegance, Anne Bancroft. He was a favorite lunch companion of Cary Grant, the suavest man who ever lived.
But in the new Hulu show “History of the World, Part II,” you can still find all the Mel Brooks signature comedy stylings: penis jokes, puke jokes and fart jokes.
“I like fart jokes,” he said, Zooming from his home in Santa Monica, Calif. “It adds some *je ne sais quoi* to the comedy. A touch of sophistication for the smarter people helps move the show along.”
After all, with the percussive campfire scene in his 1974 comedy classic, “Blazing Saddles,” where the cowhands sit around eating beans and passing wind, he elevated flatulence to cinematic history.
The comedy legend, 96, preferred to meet on Zoom because hes wary of Covid. Strangers love to hug him and say, “Mel, I love you!” he said, adding, “Im a target.”
The man behind outlandish, hilarious movies like “The Producers,” “Young Frankenstein,” “Spaceballs,” “High Anxiety,” “Robin Hood: Men in Tights” and “History of the World, Part I,” along with the hit TV spy comedy “Get Smart,” no longer lives in a time where he can have “absolutely no restrictions on any and all subjects,” as he said about writing “Blazing Saddles” (which was slapped with its own content warning in 2020 when it was on HBO Max). And he lost the two loves of his life, Ms. Bancroft and Carl Reiner. But Mel Brooks is still a ball of fire.
Having lived through nearly a century of history, Mr. Brooks is sneaking up on his famous character, the 2,000 Year Old Man. But his taste in comedy is still as merrily immature as ever. He has sharp takes on world history, greed and hypocrisy. He knows who the villains are and what the stakes are, and yet hes not afraid of the lowbrow.
Max Brooks, his son with Ms. Bancroft, said his fathers mantra is: “If youre going to climb the tower, ring the bell.”
“He believes if youre going to make a piece of art, dont be safe, dont be careful, dont pander to a certain group to win their favor.”
Mel Brooks is still [making fun of Hitler.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovCf9VRLnDY) The new show has a sketch called “Hitler on Ice,” with three TV commentators savaging an ice-skating Führer who falls. One sniffs, “Ive said it before and Ill say it again: If you put concentration camps in peoples countries, you better be flawless on the ice.”
Image
![A scene from Mel Brooks “The Producers,” showing a Nazi dance number during the fictional play “Springtime for Hitler.”](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2023/03/12/fashion/11dowd-brooks-springtime/11dowd-brooks-springtime-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale)
“The Producers” famously included a song-and-dance number titled “Springtime for Hitler.”Credit...Mptv Images
## Using Comedy as a Weapon
Mr. Brookss parents were immigrants, his mother from Ukraine and his father from Germany. His father died of tuberculosis when Mr. Brooks was 2; there was no money to send him to a sanitarium, Max Brooks said. When the little boy, born Melvin Kaminsky, needed fillings for his teeth that would have cost a dollar apiece, his mother could not afford it, so she had to let the dentist rip them out for half price.
He fought in the U.S. Army against the Nazis, and dealt with antisemitism among some of his fellow soldiers. He said he felt like Errol Flynn when he got instruction on cavalry charges with horses and sabers. He was a corporal, a combat engineer who defused land mines and cleared booby-trapped buildings in France and Germany. (He was in the German town of Baumholder on V.E. Day.) His three other brothers also fought in the war and one, Lenny, an Air Force pilot, ended up a prisoner in a Nazi P.O.W. camp for 19 months, where he had to pretend he wasnt Jewish.
“I was on a troop ship, and I paid a sailor on deck $50 to let me sleep under a lifeboat in case we were torpedoed,” Mr. Brooks recalled. “The smells were dreadful, 500 guys on a ship. It was 16 or 17 days from the Navy yard in Brooklyn to Le Havre, France, zigzagging and trying not to get torpedoed.”
And ever since the war, he said, “Ive tried to get even with Hitler by taking the Mickey out of him, making fun, but its difficult.”
Mr. Brooks, who was sometimes bullied as a child, learned to use comedy as a weapon. When his musical version of “The Producers” in 2001 — with a swanning, singing and dancing Hitler — held a preview in Chicago, “some big guy kept storming up the aisle and saying, How dare you have Hitler, how dare you have the swastika? I was in World War II risking my life and you do this on a stage? I said, I was in World War II and I didnt see you there.’”
“History of the World, Part I,” the 1981 movie on which the Hulu series is riffing, was a raunchy romp through different eras, from the Stone Age to the French Revolution. It featured the peerless Madeline Kahn as Empress Nympho, Neros wife; Sid Caesar as the cave man who invented music and the spear but could not quite figure out fire; and Mr. Brooks in multiple roles. He played Comicus, the stand-up philosopher; a singing Torquemada with a bevy of synchronized swimmers; and a libidinous Louis XVI, having his way with women and crowing, “Its good to be the king.”
Image
Mr. Brooks as King Louis XVI in “History of the World, Part I.”Credit...20th Century Fox
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Wanda Sykes as Harriet Tubman in the new Hulu show.Credit...Hulu
It was chockablock with puns, including the classic in which Harvey Korman, as the Count de Monet, chastised his impudent companion, “Dont be saucy with me, Béarnaise.”
Mr. Brooks tacked on “Part I” to the title as a joke, he said, but then “I was plagued with about a billion calls, Wheres Part II? I never intended to do Part II.”
But he and his producing partner, Kevin Salter, eventually gave in to popular demand. Mr. Brooks said he thought, “What the hell? Lets try Part II.” They reached out to comedian Nick Kroll in 2020. He recruited Wanda Sykes, Ike Barinholtz and the showrunner David Stassen. “Ive been laughing at comedy, some of which I didnt create,” Mr. Brooks said, “which is very weird for me.” The writers did remind themselves, though, as Ms. Sykes said, to “Mel it up.”
Once the ball got rolling, all the comedians who idolized Mr. Brooks wanted in — from Johnny Knoxville (who plays Rasputin getting his attenuated member cut off) to Sarah Silverman (who is in a “Jews in space” skit previewed in Part I with the song “Jews, out in space, were zooming along, protecting the Hebrew race”) to Jack Black (a sneaky Stalin).
Mr. Knoxville said that Mr. Brooks is “the legend of legends,” who pushes things as far as possible (which is also the “Jackass” way). He got to talk to his idol on the phone one night. “I was shaking before and during and after,” Mr. Knoxville said. “I dont know if he got a word in edgewise.”
Mr. Knoxville thinks that he actually saw Rasputins “Jim Dog,” as he called the body part, pronouncing it “Dawg,” in a jar in St. Petersburg, Russia, at the Museum of Erotica. Its not clear if the castration of the concupiscent mystic was mere legend, but in the “History of the World” universe, Mr. Brooks is happy to go with the legend.
“Before Mel, I dont think movies were hilarious,” Mr. Barinholtz said. “Before Blazing Saddles, regular people were not going to the movie theater and laughing so hard they were hyperventilating. Mel, I think, really ushered that in.” He and some of the other comedians who worked on the show had not met Mr. Brooks before, Mr. Barinholtz said, adding: “He inspected our teeth and could tell that we were strong.”
Mr. Brooks himself narrates the film, with a muscly CGI body. I asked how he compared to the original narrator, Orson Welles. Mr. Brooks gave the contest to Mr. Welles: “He said, I want $25,000 in a paper bag and please dont mention it to my agent. I said, What are you going to do with that $25,000 in the paper bag? He said, Beluga caviar and the finest Cuban cigars.’”
Image
In his 90s, Mr. Brooks is still Zooming in to writers rooms.Credit...Chantal Anderson for The New York Times
## Galileo on Social Media
Mr. Brooks helped the comedians decide which slices of history to explore in the sequel, and joined the Zoom writers room sometimes to weigh pitches or offer jokes from his vault of unused material.
“The first time we talked, he was like, I have an idea for this joke where Robert E. Lee is at Appomattox and he turns to sign and his sword knocks his guys in the balls,’” Mr. Kroll said. “Then when we decided to do a whole section on Ulysses S. Grant and the signing at Appomattox, we were like, Perfect. We can do that joke.’”
And like Part I, in which Comicus pulls up in a chariot to Caesars palace during the Roman Empire but it turns out to be the Vegas Caesars Palace, Part II has plenty of fun anachronisms, like Galileo on “TicciTocci” or Harriet Tubmans Underground Railroad morphing into the New York subway.
Mr. Barinholtz said Mr. Brookss instruction was: “Dont get too esoteric. Play the hits.” He said they didnt use the racial and sexual epithets that peppered Mr. Brookss movies in the 1960s, 70s and 80s, but they stuck to the same themes.
In one episode, a Native American Civil War soldier played by Zahn McClarnon has to do a standup routine to distract a bunch of West Virginia racists who are trying to hang General Grant, played by Mr. Barinholtz. Noting that the colonizers had built Ohio on top of his razed family home, the soldier advised: “If youre going to genocide a people, you should get something better out of it than Cleveland.”
Mr. Brooks, too, said he would no longer use the inflammatory words he used so freely back in the day. I asked him about his fellow comics, like Chris Rock, Bill Maher and Jerry Seinfeld, who worry that wokeness is neutering comedy.
He looked over at Mr. Salter, who was sitting beside him. “I had a talk with Kevin before this,” he told me. “He said, If Maureen, for some reason, brings up woke and woke comedy, stay off it. Stay away.’”
Laughing, I conceded, “Im so obvious.”
“Yes,” he replied. “Absolutely.”
(When I pressed about the commotions around Dave Chappelle and Ricky Gervais, who were accused of being insensitive to transgender people, Mr. Brooks again glided away.)
He endorsed Joe Biden in 2020 but he said he doesnt like to do political comedy because then, “half the audience is going to be angry at me.” He prefers jokes like this one from the new show about the Virgin Mary: “She thinks her son is God. The mothers definitely Jewish.”
Why are so many of the most storied comedians Jewish?
“Well, I dont think they let them into railroads,” he said, laughing. “If you were a Jew, you couldnt own a railroad.”
Is he surprised antisemitism is on the rise?
“Why would you want to be anti-Jewish after those stories about concentration camps?” he said. “How could you be?”
I asked Larry David, who did a whole season of “Curb Your Enthusiasm” revolving around “The Producers” — with cameos by Mr. Brooks and Ms. Bancroft — why Mr. Brooks sits atop the comedy pantheon.
“Its almost as if he was designed in Silicon Valley,” Mr. David said. “What would the funniest man in the world look and sound like? And they came up with Mel.”
Image
The writers of “Caesars Hour” included, from left, Mr. Brooks, Woody Allen, and Mel Tolkin, pitching ideas to Sid Caesar, at right.Credit...NBC, via Photofest
## The Greatest Writers Rooms in History
My first memory of laughing until I cried was sitting on Saturday nights watching Sid Caesar cavort on “Caesars Hour,” the sequel to “Your Show of Shows.” Mr. Brooks wrote for both, as part of the most famous writers rooms in TV history.
(The new “History of the World” depicts Shakespeares writers room, with Francis Bacon toiling away. Someone pitches “Othello,” an interracial love story about a white woman and a Black man thats not about race, and Shakespeare replies: “I am an ally but I dont think its my story to tell.”)
Mr. Brooks worked in those rooms with Mel Tolkin, the head writer; Carl Reiner; Neil Simon; Larry Gelbart (“the fastest mouth and brain in the West,” as Mr. Brooks called him, who went on to do “MASH and “Tootsie”); Lucille Kallen, one of the first women writing for television, who did the domestic sketches for “Your Show of Shows”; Aaron Ruben (who later produced “The Andy Griffith Show”); and a very young Woody Allen.
Was he jealous of the prelapsarian Allen?
“I was, but this is the first time Ive ever mentioned it,” he said, with a mock grimace. “I said, That little mouse. That little rat. How did he come up with that? Woody would come up with a lot of stuff. He was sly and he was a brilliant writer.”
He said that Mr. Simon, known as Doc Simon, “had a very pale, light, little voice, which sometimes drove us crazy. Carl Reiner would sit next to him and Doc would whisper his jokes into Carls left ear, and Carl would stand up and say, Doc has it! And it would be wonderful.”
I asked him about an interview I saw in which he and Mr. Reiner talked about which numbers are funny.
“We once had a sketch on Show of Shows where Imogene Coca was playing roulette,” he recalled. “Shes going to win but we have to figure out the number. We asked her to read some different numbers, like 16 and 28. When she read 32, we all broke into great laughter. The last sound has to zoom up. Eight doesnt zoom up. But two does zoom. I was very disappointed because my birthday is June 28.”
Mr. Brooks said that Mr. Tolkin was a “flat-out intellectual” and got him into Gogol. But Mr. Tolkin relished jokes like “She would not have anything to do with him because he was beneath her. He got off at 116th Street and she got off at 125th Street.”
Image
Longtime friends and comedy partners Mr. Brooks and Carl Reiner, at right, ate dinner together regularly after their spouses died. Credit...Bob Riha, Jr./Getty Images
When Mr. Brooks was working on “Your Show of Shows,” and married to his first wife, a former Broadway dancer named Florence Baum, with three small children, he had anxiety attacks so severe that he was throwing up between parked cars.
Mr. Tolkin told Mr. Brooks about “the talking cure,” and sent him to a psychiatrist, who offered some career advice, too.
“I told the guy that I felt I couldnt go in every day,” he said about the writers room. “I felt Id have to quit. It was too much, that theyd say, OK, the little dude from Brooklyn, fire him. He said, No, youre Mel Brooks and youre probably the best writer on the show. I want you to go in there and not worry about being fired and ask for a raise. Say, “If I dont get a raise, Im quitting.”’”
I wanted to know what the titanic, mercurial Sid Caesar was like. I said that Mr. Caesar looked remarkably buff playing a cave man in “History of the World, Part I,” even though he was in his late 50s.
“Sid was an animal,” Mr. Brooks said. “He had instinctual feelings about comedy, and they were always correct. He was the strongest man on earth. He was a big, tall, giant of a guy with muscles.”
In his 2021 memoir, “All About Me!,” Mr. Brooks describes how Mr. Caesar grabbed his collar and belt and hung him out the window of a Chicago hotel room after the writer complained about Mr. Caesars cigar smoke.
“Got enough air?” Mr. Caesar asked his dangling writer.
Mr. Brooks told me about another terrifying night in Chicago when Mr. Caesars car grazed a taxi and the taxi driver yelled a vulgarity at the TV star. Mr. Brooks shivered, knowing what was coming.
“Sid got out of his car, went over to the cabdriver, who wore a yellow cap and black leather bow tie, and yelled, Do you remember your birth? Do you remember being born? Think back. Youre going to enter the world, what are your thoughts? Then Mr. Caesar reached in, grabbed the driver by the bow tie and started pulling his head through the little clipper window and said, Were going to re-enact it. I had to bite Sids hand to let him go. He would have made a snake out of that guy.”
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Mr. Brooks has a Carl Reiner pillow at his home.Credit...Chantal Anderson for The New York Times
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Brainstorming for “History of the World, Part II.”Credit...Chantal Anderson for The New York Times
When Mr. Brooks switched to the big screen, he thought his movie career was over before it got off the ground.
In 1968, Renata Adler [reviewed](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1968/03/19/77080883.html?pageNumber=38) “The Producers” for The New York Times and called it “a violently mixed bag. Some of it is shoddy and gross and cruel; the rest is funny in an entirely unexpected way.” She said she was torn between leaving and laughing.
“I said, The New York Times didnt like it, so maybe I should go back to television where they liked everything I did,’” Mr. Brooks recalled. By then, he had gotten divorced and remarried to Ms. Bancroft. He remembers her telling him, “No, you were born to make movies, and you just keep making them.”
Now, “The Producers,” “Blazing Saddles” and “Young Frankenstein” are all on the Library of Congresss National Film Registry of cherished American films. He not only has an EGOT but Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. At the ceremony, Mr. Brooks pretended to pants the president as the crowd howled.
When Mr. Brooks became a successful writer and director of movies, he was working at Universal and he saw Cary Grant step out of a Rolls-Royce. “Who wears a double-breasted chalk stripe suit in the 80s?” he said. “Its ridiculous.”
Mr. Grant began asking Mr. Brooks to lunch at the commissary. They ordered boiled eggs (Mr. Grant) and a tuna fish sandwich (Mr. Brooks), traded favorite colors (yellow for Mr. Grant and blue for Mr. Brooks) and favorite shoes (“I said, I like black and white shoes and he said Never”). Mr. Brooks turned the odd-couple bromance into a renowned comedy bit, saying that by the end of the week, they had run out of things to talk about, so Mr. Brooks stopped taking Mr. Grants calls.
But in real life, Mr. Brooks said, “I certainly was hanging on every word” when Mr. Grant told stories about his beginnings as Archie Leach in England.
Was he the best-looking man Mr. Brooks ever saw in Hollywood?
“I was in an elevator at the William Morris office once,” he replied, “and Tyrone Power” — the darkly handsome actor who was a swashbuckling romantic lead in the 30s and 40s — “got in and I said to him, Oh, its going to be hard for me to say whos better looking, you or Cary Grant.’”
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Mr. Brooks and Anne Bancroft.Credit...John Barrett/MediaPunch, via Associated Press
## Life With Anne Bancroft
Certainly, Mr. Brooks and Ms. Bancroft are one of Hollywoods greatest love stories. People considered them an odd couple, the short comic with the funny mug and Brooklyn accent, and the gorgeous actress who created the indelible portrait of the panther-like seductress and pre-cougar, Mrs. Robinson, in “The Graduate,” even though she was only 35 to Dustin Hoffmans 30.
But they fell in love nearly instantly after meeting on the set of “The Perry Como Show.” Mr. Brooks compares his wooing style to Pepper Martin, a St. Louis Cardinals player in the 30s who was famous for stealing bases. She was also really impressed with his taxi whistle, he said.
They soon learned that they loved all the same things, from baseball to foreign movies to Chinese food. And if Anne loved something Mel didnt know about, like opera, he decided to love it, too. “Anne was Catholic, a good Catholic,” Mr. Brooks said. “I lived with her for so long, I started crossing myself.” There was none of the A-lister married to A-lister angst that Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward experienced.
He was broke, so it was tough to court the more famous actress, who had already been in a spate of movies and had won two Tonys for “Two for the Seesaw” and “The Miracle Worker.”
“Wed go to a restaurant and she would slip me a couple of $20 bills under the table so it looked like I was paying for the meal,” he said. Once, when he told the waiter to keep the change, he said, “We got outside, she hit me with her purse as hard as she could. She said, Are you crazy? As long as Im paying for it, be careful with the tipping.’”
Even after they had been married for about 35 years, the thrill was still there. As she [put it](https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/nydn-features/bancroft-working-miracles-screen-adding-40-year-record-quality-roles-heat-losing-cool-article-1.869899) to The New York Daily News: “I get excited when I hear his key in the door. Its like, Ooh! The partys going to start!’”
After she died in 2005, felled by uterine cancer, Mr. Brooks never dated again.
“Once you are married to Anne Bancroft, others dont seem to be appealing,” he said. “Its as simple as that.”
After they became widowers, Mr. Brooks and Mr. Reiner often had dinner together on tray tables and watched TV at the Reiner hacienda on Rodeo Drive. In his memoir, Mr. Brooks called Mr. Reiner, who died in 2020, not only the best friend he ever had but “the best friend *anyone* ever had.”
They talked and napped and watched “Wheel of Fortune” and then “Jeopardy,” arguing over the answers. Sometimes, they watched old movies. “Once a week, I had to watch Random Harvest with Ronald Colman,” Mr. Brooks recalled dryly. “Carl always said, If you dont cry watching the end, youre not alive.’”
Proudly, Mr. Brooks noted that their chairs and tray tables are now on display in the National Comedy Center in Jamestown, N.Y.
He is happy, as we end our 90-minute interview, because we have laughed a lot, and laughter, he said, is the most important thing to him.
“Money is honey, funny is money,” he said blithely, echoing a Max Bialystock line from “The Producers.” “I really care about saying things that make people roar with laughter. I was on the stage at Radio City Music Hall and we took questions in the last part of my standup. One of the questions was, What do you wear — long shorts or briefs? I yelled, Depends! Its a thrill to get a big laugh.”
Image
Mr. Brooks finally gave into pressure for Part II in 2020.Credit...Chantal Anderson for The New York Times
## Confirm or Deny
**Maureen Dowd: You love** **[schwanzstucker jokes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41yRZjIM_80)****.**
Mel Brooks: Actually, Gene Wilder came up with that word while we were writing “Young Frankenstein” together.
**You still like to do your wolf howl from “Young Frankenstein.”**
Youre all wet. Its not a wolf howl. Its a cat yowl. Ill do it for you. \[He does a cat yowl, based on the big alley cats he knew in Brooklyn.\] Nobody does a better cat yowl than me. I could do that for a living.
**You like to set the mood when youre writing.**
When we were writing “Blazing Saddles,” I actually wore a war bonnet. Just to stay with it, and get everybody crazy.
**You preserved your hearing during the war by shoving cigarettes in your ears, but you ended up with yellow ears.**
True story. When I did my first movie, “The Producers,” the insurance nurse looked me over and said, “Did you have yellow fever?”
**Richard Pryor, who worked on the script of “Blazing Saddles” with you, was the greatest standup comedian who ever lived.**
He was. One time on a Friday night, he said, “Mel, go over to the Bitter End and sub for me, do my act. I have to be in Chicago.” I found out later he had a girlfriend in Chicago. I said, “All right, what do you want me to do?” He said, “Be funny. Do my act.” I went to the Bitter End and I said, “Richard couldnt make it but Im doing his act for you. I was born in Kansas City to a big Black woman who ran a cat house and she took care of me and she taught me how to play the piano. I used to pee out the windows.” I was doing his act. Afterward, he said, “Are you crazy?”
**You almost cast Dustin Hoffman as the Nazi playwright in “The Producers.”**
I did cast him. He put that helmet on with the pigeon doody and he looked exactly like a good Nazi. Anyway, he couldnt do it because he got another job.
**You have some final words from the 2,000 Year Old Man.**
As the 2,000 Year Old Man, I would say be nice to everyone around you because you never know where theyre going to end up. Even if you dont like them, dont let them know because theyre liable to one day run a studio. Theyre liable to be Harry Cohn.
**Your Hollywood star has one six-fingered hand.**
Its true. I did it with a plaster mold just so that somebody from Idaho would scream, “Henry, come over here! Look at this. Mel Brooks has six fingers.”
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^button-TheBigQuestionBernieSandersWontAnswerNSave
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# The One Big Question Bernie Sanders Wont Answer
## The progressive hero has more power than ever. Will he keep it?
![](https://pyxis.nymag.com/v1/imgs/990/ccf/b7fdbe1d6089eddb5ce77fdf96a704be61-bernie-sanders.rsquare.w700.jpg)
Photo: Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images
[Bernie Sanders](https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/bernie-sanders-new-book-its-ok-to-be-angry-about-capitalism.html) was just getting comfortable on Stephen Colberts couch late last month, settling into a mostly freewheeling interview to [promote his new book](https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/bernie-sanders-new-book-its-ok-to-be-angry-about-capitalism.html) and tick through his now familiar but still furious grievances against corporate greed, political corruption, and Establishment thinking. Yet when the host [asked about his future](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qE3urC7REWk), the 81-year-old senator got uncharacteristically quiet.
To some of the people closest to him who were watching the broadcast, Sanderss words suddenly seemed almost strained, but certainly calibrated to make as little news as possible. Would he be running for reelection to the Senate in two years? “Well, Ive got a little while to make that determination; Ill make it at the appropriate time,” he said carefully. Colbert looked surprised and asked if he had a deadline to make a decision. “Not really. People in Vermont know me and we have a pretty good relationship. At the appropriate time, well let them know.” The studio fell weirdly silent. Colberts rejoinder — “You answered that like a boyfriend asked where this relationship was going” — broke the unexpected solemnity of the moment, and he moved on. But the heaviness lingered for the progressive heros longtime friends and advisers both in Washington and in Vermont.
From afar, after all, it would appear that Sanders is “all systems go” for another round in the Senate. And, well, duh: Hes at the peak of his political powers, and anyone can see hes having a great time running the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, which hes quickly transforming into a marquee destination for exposing capitalist overreach. Just this week, he used the threat of a subpoena to arm-twist Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz into appearing to answer for what Sanders called “his illegal anti-union activities.” And despite never reaching the White House himself, Sanders has the presidents ear far more than anyone would have reasonably anticipated. In recent weeks, Joe Biden had Sanders over for a previously unreported dinner, and then called him directly to inform him of his pick for Labor secretary.
So yes, a longtime Sanders friend told me, surprised I was even asking, “he intends to run again.” But even this friend, whos discussed Sanderss newfound influence with him at length, stopped for a second when I asked if the senator had revealed those plans outright: “More or less.” The truth is that Sanders has yet to convey anything solid to even his inner circle, a group of aides and allies who dont doubt his commitment to doing the job, his pride at having reached this level of political influence, or his likely unwillingness to let it go voluntarily — but who are equally aware of his age. None of his close friends or advisers are pushing Sanders to do anything but run again, and they universally say hes bursting with energy even in private. But none have forgotten his late-2019 heart attack. Sanders, who would be 89 at the end of his next term, wont discuss his physical well-being with his staff or buddies, and gets frustrated when people ask — just as he has little patience for questions about the direction and leadership of the progressive movement in a post-Sanders era.
Are these legitimate questions? Sanders, for one, doesnt think so. He is well aware that he doesnt technically have to decide on reelection for a long time — Vermonts filing deadline isnt until August of next year — and hes made clear to reporters who ask that he considers the entire topic a political distraction. (“Keep wondering,” he [told the New York *Times*](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/12/us/politics/bernie-sanders-help-committee.html) last month. “The purpose of elections is to elect people to do work, not to keep talking about elections.”) Nor does he face the sort of pressure to raise money and build momentum that other Democratic senators do ahead of 2024; theres no chance of losing his seat in bluer-than-the-ocean Vermont. Plus, some around him think, why should he make any announcement about his own plans before Biden formally announces his run for reelection — a race Sanders *technically* hasnt ruled out if Biden passes on it? And anyone who expects Sanders to make a definitive announcement soon forgets his famous procrastination and his less-known agonizing about the best way to maximize his political capital. Veterans of his two presidential campaigns sometimes still act traumatized about the behind-the-scenes wrangling over an announcement date, both times.
Yet Sanderss presidential ambitions are almost certainly behind him, and hes conceded that he wont have the votes to pass Medicare for All, his signature proposal, no matter how high he climbs in the Senate. Meanwhile, his actions over the next few years are certain to shape the trajectory of the progressive movement he jump-started with his presidential campaigns — a world with considerable factions and debates about its future that could break further into the open if he were to retire or recede from view.
His recent activities dont look like the work of a man whos planning to wind down anytime soon. (Even some of his own closest associates didnt realize until I pointed it out that hed formally submitted 2024 reelection papers as early as four years ago, though he likely did so for fundraising purposes, not to declare his plans.) On the contrary, he has spent some recent weekends crisscrossing Vermont, and has surprised even some of his own advisers with his reinvigorated interest in his offices in-state operations after years of hearing local whispers that he was getting a bit too nationally focused. Those closest to him say that between his committee work and his book tour — and his penchant for getting energy from his young crowds — he is noticeably more upbeat than he has been in years, no matter the persistent [questions about the tours high ticket prices](https://vtdigger.org/2023/02/21/national-tour-for-bernie-sanders-new-book-leads-to-unintended-questions/).
Its understandable. Back in early 2015, when he was making final decisions about a presidential bid that the entire political world was ready to laugh off, he told aides he was tired of being treated like a back-bencher. By the next summer, his place in the lefts firmament was set. Seven years after that, his direct line to Biden was so well-established that when Ron Klain left his job as chief of staff earlier this year, Sanders had no trouble securing a table-setting meeting with his replacement, Jeff Zients, almost as soon as he settled into the gig.
Still, its the Senate work thats animating him now that hes running the HELP panel. “This is \[Ted\] Kennedys committee, the committee that he always wanted,” said a colleague. In practice, thats meant signaling to the heads of certain large corporations that hes serious about making them sweat. Hes already recently cheered Eli Lillys decision to cut its insulin prices and pushed it to go further, and in addition to hammering Schultz, hes previewed a plan to grill the CEO of Moderna, a company he [described to Punchbowl](https://punchbowl.news/archive/3823-punchbowl-news-am/) as “the poster child for pharmaceutical corporate greed.” He has promised to make this executive hot seat a recurring show. “I dont know what Bernie would want to do more in the whole world than have a socialist running the committee thats about health and labor,” said a giddy senior union ally whod been skeptical of Sanderss presidential campaigns but has now started working closely with him.
Nonetheless, its not just that hes having fun. Sanders has publicly refused to close the door on a 2024 presidential campaign in the unlikely event that Biden doesnt run, and he has [been frustrated](https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/05/biden-2024-democrats-search-for-alternative.html) when some close to him have conceded that he wont reach the White House, or that theyre ready to move onto new progressive heroes. (One of his 2020 campaign co-chairs, California congressman Ro Khanna, was briefly floated as a Biden challenger, much to the chagrin of some of Sanderss closest remaining allies.) This can be read as less an admission that he still wants to be president than an acknowledgment that he retains significant political influence as long as it remains a theoretical option.
Sanders appears unwilling to discuss the obvious variable hanging over all this: his age. Those who spend the most time with him have no interest in the simple fact that hes 81, even as the D.C. gerontocracy has become the topic of more open conversation with California senator Dianne Feinsteins declining health at 89. Sanders doesnt appear to be slowing down at all, they point out, repeating that yes, ones health can turn quickly in ones 80s, but that different people also age very differently.
All this, of course, probably sounds familiar. An oft-underestimated 80-something finally wielding the kind of power he sought for decades being reticent to confront questions of legacy and succession, uncomfortable discussing the realities of aging in detail, insistent that hes made his plans clear even as he drags his feet on announcing them? As one top progressive pointed out, “Its a lot like the conversation Biden is having.”
The One Big Question Bernie Sanders Wont Answer
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^button-TheSVBContagionIsJustBeginningNSave
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# The Silicon Valley Bank Contagion Is Just Beginning
When Silicon Valley Bank collapsed on March 10, Garry Tan, president and CEO of startup incubator Y Combinator, [called SVBs failure](https://twitter.com/garrytan/status/1634260576431136768) “an extinction level event for startups” that “will set startups and innovation back by 10 years or more.” People have been [quick](https://twitter.com/CasPiancey/status/1634719630752382981) [to](https://twitter.com/ThomasAFink/status/1634302511438782466) [point](https://twitter.com/davidsirota/status/1634788264019378177) [out](https://twitter.com/MikeIsaac/status/1634298995110707200) how quickly the cadre of small-government, libertarian tech bros has come calling for government intervention in the form of a bailout when its their money on the line.
Late yesterday, the US government [announced](https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1337) that SVB depositors will regain access to all their money, thanks to the Federal Deposit Insurance Company's backstop funded by member banks. Yet the shock to the tech ecosystem and its elite may still bring down a reckoning for many who believe its got nothing to do with them.
SVBs 40,000 customers are mostly tech companies—the bank provided services to around [half of US startups](https://www.axios.com/2023/03/11/silicon-valley-bank-rip)—but those tech companies are tattooed into the fabric of daily lives across the US and beyond. The power of the West Coast tech industry means that most digital lives are rarely more than a single degree of separation away from a startup banking with SVB.
The bank's customers may now be getting their money back but the services SVB once provided are gone. That void and the shock of last week may cause—or force—startups and their investors to drastically change how they manage their money and businesses, with effects far beyond Silicon Valley.
Most immediately, the many startups who depended on SVB have workers far from the banks home turf. “These companies and people are not just in Silicon Valley,” says Sarah Kunst, managing director of Cleo Capital, a San Francisco firm that invests in early-stage startups.
Y Combinator cofounder Paul Graham said yesterday that the incubators companies banking with SVB [have more than a quarter of a million](https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1634961673504325632) employers, around a third of whom are based outside California. If they and other SVB customers suffer cash crunches or cut back expansion plans, rent payments in many parts of the world may be delayed and staff may no longer buy coffees and lunches at the corner deli. Cautious about the future, businesses may withhold new hires, and staff who remain may respond in kind, cutting local spending or delaying home purchases or renovation work.
The second- and third-order impacts of startups hitting financial trouble or just slowing down could be more pernicious. “When you say: Oh, I dont care about Silicon Valley, yes, that might sound fine. But the reality is very few of us are Luddites,” Kunst says. “Imagine you wake up and go to unlock your door, and because theyre a tech company banking with SVB who can no longer make payroll, your app isnt working and youre struggling to unlock your door.” Perhaps you try a rideshare company or want to hop on a pay-by-the-hour electric scooter, but cant because their payment system is provided by an SVB client who now cant operate.
Some people affected by the banks collapse will be in much more precarious situations than some of the monied investors and tech insiders tweeting through the crisis. California lawmaker Scott Wiener, a member of the states senate, [tweeted](https://twitter.com/Scott_Wiener/status/1634706501645533184) over the weekend that an unnamed payroll processing company based in San Francisco whose customers employ “tens of thousands” of workers had banked with SVB. The average salary of those workers is around $48,000, he said, and they work in businesses including pizza places, taco joints, and bike shops. “Its not just a tech thing,” he said.
The collapse of SVB could become a painful lesson in how the sector dubbed “tech” is much broader than many realize. “Every tech company is a normal business that has suppliers who provide things,” says Dom Hallas, executive director of the Coalition for a Digital Economy, which represents startups in the UK, “Theyre not all whizzy companies with names that have no vowels in them.”
On March 12, SVBs UK subsidiary was [bought by HSBC](https://www.ft.com/content/216b193d-62b3-4e5e-8f67-e8eb3d96ebf1), another banking group, in a private sale brokered by the government.
SVBs failure will also have longer-term impacts beyond the next few weeks and months. The collapse of the leading specialist in providing financial services to tech companies could make it harder for the next generation of startups to find what they need to build their business. And after witnessing the herd-like, Twitter-fueled rush to pull money out of SVB, other banks may be cautious toward tech out of fear of experiencing the same problems SVB faced.
There is also concern that as in past financial crises, problems at one bank help expose or even trigger more at others. An SVB executive reached by WIRED yesterday, speaking anonymously because they were not authorized to speak for the company, acknowledged failures at the bank but urged lawmakers to take a wider view of the situation. “An institution like ours is integral to the tech economy,” the executive says. “The biggest message is for our politicians to realize this could be a contagion if it trickles to regional banks. Its small tech. Its not big tech that are our clients.”
Startups need bank accounts and other services to secure investment from venture capitalists and put it to work. New financial friction for the sector could become a brake on future tech development. Government funding of technologies such as GPS has helped the tech sector, but “the vast majority of consumer technology funding isnt coming from governments and universities in America,” says Kunst of Cleo Capital. “Its coming from the private sector, and the private sector is going to be hamstrung in the ability to raise and deploy that money.”
The tech sector is known for its boundless—sometimes irrational—optimism, and some caught in the crisis hope that good may come from it. Kunst hopes other banks will step in to pick up SVBs customers and become more engaged with the startup scene. “I think youre going to see more and more bigger banks of all sizes getting excited about having tech customers,” she says, giving startups more options than they had before. To get to that point, however, we have to get through the next few days and weeks—which could be trickier than expected.
*Additional reporting by Paresh Dave.*
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^button-TheUntoldStoryOfInfluencerAndrewTateNSave
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# The Untold Story Of Notorious Influencer Andrew Tate
**Brothers Andrew and Tristan Tate** spent their preteen years in the leafy town of Goshen, Indiana. Back then, in the 1990s, the city had some 24,000 residents, plus a large Mennonite population in the surrounding rural area. There werent many biracial families like the Tates around, though. In its not-too-distant past, Goshen [had been a sundown town](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/adeonibada/sundown-towns-racism-black-drivers-tiktok). 
The sons of Eileen Ashleigh, a white working-class English woman, and Emory Tate Jr., a Black military veteran and skilled chess competitor, Andrew and Tristan were surrounded by extended family growing up. They attended church with their cousins and played together at their paternal grandmothers house. 
Tristan was a quiet boy who came home from church one day and announced he had given himself to Jesus, the Tate brothers paternal aunt, Elizabeth Tate, told BuzzFeed News in an exclusive interview. She said that Andrew — who was born Emory Andrew Tate III and is nearly two years older than Tristan — liked to look after his cousins, carefully seating them at the dinner table and making sure they had the correct plates. 
According to people who knew the brothers growing up, there was no indication that they would become notorious figures in the internet manosphere. Andrew, who initially gained renown as a kickboxer, has boasted that he was “absolutely a misogynist” and [infamously opined](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/pranavdixit/andrew-tate-tristan-tate-arrested-human-trafficking) that rape victims must “bear responsibility” for their assaults. He has built an army of millions of followers across social media who [echo his talking points and attitudes](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ikrd/andrew-tate-courses-pimpin-hoes-degree) — and despite the platforms attempts to ban him, he is one of the most [popular](https://twitter.com/MattNavarra/status/1582652745126842368) influencers among teenage boys.
In 2021, he even founded a life-coaching business called Hustlers University, which [promised to make his followers richer and more attractive to women](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ikrd/andrew-tate-hustlers-university) by unleashing their inner alpha male. His pricey networking group, [the War Room](https://cobratate.com/product/war-room), is billed as “a global network in which exemplars of individualism work to free the modern man from socially induced incarceration.”
And then, on Dec. 29, 2022, Andrew, now 36, and Tristan, 34, along with two alleged accomplices, were [arrested in Romania](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/pranavdixit/andrew-tate-tristan-tate-arrested-human-trafficking) and accused of running a trafficking ring that forced women to create online pornographic content. The brothers, who maintain their innocence, are still in pretrial detention, which has been extended multiple times.
Their aunt Elizabeth, now an attorney based in Arizona, said that while she believes her nephews will be exonerated, she hopes the experience changes them. “We love them. And we are not agreeing with everything they say politically, but we know their hearts,” she said. “They werent perfect. Theres a lot of arrogance. But this is humbling. And we pray that they will come back and they will put their lives back together.”
The American side of the Tate family is peppered with high achievers, particularly the women. The brothers paternal grandmother, Emma Cox Tate, was an entrepreneur who set up a trucking company in the 1970s, attaining success in a male-dominated industry. Andrew and Tristans aunts include lawyers, an Ivy League academic, and a business owner who operates a successful McDonalds franchise.
> “My mother was very much subservient to my father, which was a good thing.”
But it is the history of the men in the Tate family, complex figures who relied on violence and competition to forge their way in the world, that explains the development of Andrew and Tristan. Beginning with an abusive grandfather who allegedly beat his children with a belt, the Tate familys stories, a number of them reported here for the first time, help us understand how the brothers went on to build a business empire that trades in misogynistic ideas and sells toxic self-help for the modern man.
“My mother was very much subservient to my father, which was a good thing,” Andrew once said in an [interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iv-C4CVGk28). “They used to have arguments, etc., and I think I learned a lot of my lessons, I guess on malefemale dynamics, to a degree from my childhood.”
In a statement, a representative for the brothers said, “Andrew has always celebrated the success of the women in his family and he has encouraged others to follow his example. He believes in traditional masculine values, where the mans role is to support women in achieving their goals.”
### ***We want your help! If you have a tip regarding Andrew Tate, please contact tom.warren@buzzfeed.com or ikran.dahir@buzzfeed.com, or reach us securely at [tips.buzzfeed.com](https://tips.buzzfeed.com/).***
Elizabeth said that her father, Emory Tate Sr., was born in 1919 to a family of sharecroppers in Georgia and, according to legend, taught himself to read using discarded comic books. He ran away from home and was drafted into the Army in World War II, serving in the [Red Ball Express](https://www.historynet.com/red-ball-express/), a trucking unit, predominantly operated by Black soldiers, that delivered vital supplies to Allied troops. 
“He wasnt happy, because he was discriminated against. Back then, the troops were segregated,” Elizabeth said. She added that when he came back from the war, he took advantage of the GI Bill to help him finish high school, college, and ultimately law school. The former sharecropper found himself “catapulted into the middle class,” his daughter said. 
Emory became an attorney, building a successful law practice in Chicago. Elizabeth said he once successfully defended a Black man from rape charges in front of an all-white jury. “I didnt understand what an accomplishment that was until I started practicing,” she said. Despite his success in the city, she said, her father maintained a small farm in Michigan, where he would spend his weekends.
One day, Emory went to a diner near his office in Chicago, where he met Emma Cox, who hailed from a more affluent biracial Southern family and had four children from a previous marriage, Elizabeth recounted. The pair ultimately wed and had five children together, including Andrew and Tristans father, Emory Tate Jr., who was born in 1958 on Chicagos West Side.
The couple divorced in 1966, after the elder Emory became “increasingly vituperative” toward his wife, according to *Triple Exclam!!!*, a biography of Emory Jr. written by Daaim Shabazz, an academic and chess scholar. (The title refers to a catchphrase used by the younger Emory when he won a match or wanted to express the highest degree of praise.)
While Elizabeth said that her dad was “compassionate,” a 2014 post from the younger Emorys Facebook page alleged that his father was “the most savage man in the universe,” to the extent that the son once contemplated killing him. “Beating with the leather belt was all he knew,” Emory Jr. wrote, expressing pride that he had not repeated the pattern of abuse with his own children.
Emory Tate Jr. via Facebook
In the years after the divorce, Emma Cox Tate moved to Goshen, Indiana, where her home became the focus of the extended family. Elizabeth said that her mother prized education, and after starting her trucking business, worked hard to send all nine of her children to college. 
According to *Triple Exclam!!!,* Emory Tate Jr. was rebellious but academically gifted and won a full scholarship to Northwestern University. However, per to his biography, he struggled at school, skipping classes and using recreational drugs, before dropping out. 
His maternal half brother John, a Vietnam veteran, took him in and got him to enroll at Alabama State before encouraging him to enlist in the Air Force. After basic training and a year spent studying Russian, Emory was assigned to an intelligence unit. During his service, from 1980 to 1992, he excelled in competitive chess, winning the US Armed Forces Chess Championship five times. 
> “Andrews dad used to call him Super Baby. He really used to love that, being his dads Super Baby.”
Leroy Hill, one of his Air Force chess teammates, told Shabazz that Emory could have become the first Black person to become a chess grandmaster, the highest rank of professional player, but lacked the commitment and discipline. Indeed, after staying out at bars all night, Emory arrived at the 1987 NATO Chess Championship tournament unshowered and unshaven, and lost to a Norwegian grandmaster.
Emory was later stationed at RAF Chicksands, a Cold War signals listening post in the UK, when he met a local woman, Eileen Ashleigh, who would become Andrew and Tristans mother. “It was a romance around the base,” Elizabeth said. “She made him pursue her; she was hard to get. He adored her.” The couple moved to Maryland in the late 1980s, and Andrew and Tristan were born at the Walter Reed Military Hospital in Washington, DC, in December 1986 and July 1988, respectively. Emory was then posted to Germany, where the boys sister, Janine, was born in 1990. 
“Andrews dad used to call him Super Baby,’” Elizabeth said. “He really used to love that, being his dads Super Baby.” She said her brother gave all of the children nicknames: Andrew was “Tiger,” Tristan was “Bear,” and Janine was “Thumper.” In later years, Andrew would call himself “Cobra.”
Emory Tate Jr. via Facebook
During his time in the military, Emory rose to staff sergeant and won an Outstanding Service distinction from the National Security Agency. However, soon after working in an intelligence support role in the first Gulf War, he was abruptly discharged in 1992 for “conditions that interfere with military service,” according to his biography. 
The book suggests that superiors were concerned that Emory had a personality disorder and accused him of embellishing military intelligence. Despite receiving an honorable discharge, he rarely spoke about his exit from the Air Force. Andrew later said in a [podcast interview](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iv-C4CVGk28&ab_channel=PBDPodcast) that his father was diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder. He claimed Emory Jr. initially refused to sign the discharge paperwork, telling his superiors, “My sanity is not for sale.”
In the years after leaving the military, Emory would regale friends with stories about being able to spot a Russian operative a block away, according to his biography. He would also mention that he was still tailed by KGB or CIA operatives. Shabazz believes the accounts were more than paranoia; he wrote that Emorys mother was once visited by uniformed military personnel, and relatives who traveled with him said he was often screened at the airport.
**After Emory was discharged**, he and his family relocated to Elkhart, Indiana, and then to nearby Goshen, where Emorys mother had moved after her divorce. His wife learned to drive, a necessity in the expansive Midwest, and Emory worked various jobs, including at his sisters McDonalds franchise and the local parks department. “The adjustment was very difficult with three children and few prospects in Indiana,” Shabazz told BuzzFeed News via LinkedIn message. 
Dan Shenk, a local newspaper journalist, knew the family during their time in Goshen. “People like me, and many others in Goshen, remember Emory and Eileen and the kids very fondly,” he said. He recalled Eileens positive attitude, and said he was struck by Emorys brilliance. 
After Shenk interviewed Emory for the local newspaper, the pair decided to set up a school chess program. Shenk said it was remarkable that the program happened, given that Emory was Black. “It was just another example of Goshen finally starting to move beyond that sundown past,” Shenk said.
Shenk said that Emory was an exemplary chess tutor but had struggled with doing paperwork for the program. In one instance, Eileen had to jump in and write application forms for a childrens chess tournament because Emory, who was out of state playing his own matches, had neglected to do so. 
Among Emorys students were Andrew and Tristan, whom he started teaching at an early age. Shenk said that Andrew was a gifted player and frequently defeated older children in competitions. Emory and Andrew were featured on the Aug. 30, 1993, front page of the South Bend Tribune in a story about them pegged to the release of the chess movie *Searching for Bobby Fischer*. In the article, Emory recalled withdrawing the then-6-year-old Andrew from an adult chess tournament after he lost three games. “Dad, Im playing bad,” Andrew reportedly said. By pulling him from the competition, Emory told the paper, “I saved him from crying in front of all those people.”
According to his biography, Emory continued to chase his chess dreams, riding by bus to play in tournaments all over the country. “He was a major figure in chess and one of the most exciting players. Not to mention hes an extremely important icon in the Black chess community,” Shabazz told BuzzFeed News. “He was known for his exciting style of chess which was extremely aggressive. He wasnt the most skilled player but was daring in his attempts to create art on the chess board.”
> Its not difficult to draw a line between Emorys views on women and his sons.
Emory also taught his sons to fight; from an early age, he presented them with pillows they could “kick the shit out of,” he wrote in a 2012 Facebook post. “Dad trained me,” Andrew told Chess Life magazine in January 2016. “And commanded me to fight without a defense, hands down, as he did.”
Domestically, life would prove challenging. Andrew has said that at times he was on “eggshells” around his eccentric yet brilliant father, but that their relationship informed much of his later worldview. As a 5-year-old, Andrew once [said](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_lh9TiA67E&t=3s), he asked his father for a night light because he was scared of the dark. “He took my ass up to my bedroom, locked me in the bedroom in the dark. He said, Theres monsters in there, son. Good luck, see you tomorrow,’” the influencer recalled, adding that he stopped being afraid of the dark.
Its not difficult to draw a line between Emorys views on women and his sons. In a November 2011 Facebook post, Emory wrote that the “eternal problem” of the alpha male was “protecting his flock of women.” He added, “The times I struck a woman (in passion) I never left a mark. No trace. Hyper control.... super-control of the human animal. They love me still.” He did not specify whom he had hit, but his approach to romantic and interpersonal relationships left little to the imagination. 
The marriage between Eileen and Emory fell apart in 1997. Shenk believes it may in part have been Emorys peripatetic lifestyle. “It just got too stressful for Eileen, and maybe the kids, too, wondering when Dad's going to come home, and will we have enough money to put food on the table?” he said. 
Andrew, however, [has indicated](https://youtu.be/rFwHW6WcOLg) that the split involved infidelity on the part of his father. Their sister stopped talking to Emory, while Andrew and Tristan remained in contact with their dad, who told them, “Boys, when youre older, youll understand.” Andrew said, “Now Im older, I understand. He fucked a girl. So?” He added that the concept of cheating is propagated by “Western society” and “the powerful females.”
“Andrew and Tristans parents were a big part of their life and they are proud of the family values instilled in them from an early age,” a representative for the Tate brothers said in a statement to BuzzFeed News. “Their early life is very similar to many other families, with their ups and downs, moments of tension and moments of laughter. It is certain that \[Andrew\] has always strived to better himself and overcome the challenges he encountered.”
Eileen and the children then moved to Luton, England, a large market town with a tough reputation near the base where she and Emory had first met. It was a far cry from the quiet Midwestern town that the boys had grown up in. Considered “[one of the unhappiest places](https://www.lutontoday.co.uk/news/votes-are-and-luton-one-unhappiest-places-live-1075035)” in England, Luton has had issues with extremism of various forms and was recently [identified](https://www.bedfordshirelive.co.uk/news/bedfordshire-news/luton-most-risk-far-right-6152690) as a borough with one of the highest risks of far-right activity. 
The family lived in Marsh Farm, a hardscrabble neighborhood on the outskirts of Luton. Andrews mother worked in a school cafeteria. When BuzzFeed News reporters recently visited her home — a 1970s house with a walled garden, the same one in which the brothers grew up — a neighbor told us to “sling your hook” (a very British way of saying “go away”) and threatened to call the police. (Eileen did not respond to BuzzFeed News requests for comment.) 
> “I think what happened was that Andrew decided that they were going to beat the odds and make something of themselves.”
Elizabeth said that the move was not easy on the children. “When they went back to England, it was really hard on them, because the mom was very poor,” she said. “They had to learn an English accent. They were kind of like little oddballs, coming back with American accents.” She added, “I think what happened was that Andrew decided that they were going to beat the odds and make something of themselves.”
One of Andrews school friends echoed her remarks. Lester OHalloran, 36, went to high school with Andrew and last spoke to him days before his arrest. He said the future influencer was teased for using American phrases that seemed out of place to other students. “There was a lot of piss taken out of him,” he told BuzzFeed News. OHalloran remembered Andrew as “just your average person at school,” noting that he wasnt overly popular. Tristan, in the grade below, was quieter than his brother.
Andrew was obsessed with money, even then. He would see his more affluent neighbors drive around in expensive cars, OHalloran said, and desperately want that for himself. “He has always searched as to how to get that Ferrari and that Lamborghini,” he added. The schoolboys didnt realize until they were much older that the cars they were seeing werent owned by their neighbors, but had been rented for special occasions like religious festivals and weddings.
While Andrew and Tristan both decided against attending college — Andrew has said he did well at school but did not want to write a personal essay for the application — their sister, Janine, left Luton to attend the University of Kentucky in the US.
“Their sisters educated. She leaned toward her African American roots with education. Andrew and Tristan did not. And I think that that created a bit of a rift, the education difference,” Elizabeth said. Janine later followed in her aunts footsteps and became an attorney. (Janine, who is not involved in her brothers businesses, did not respond to BuzzFeed News requests for comment.)
Instead, the boys scrambled for financial stability as they pursued kickboxing careers. At one point, Tristan was director of a company selling conservatories (known as sunrooms in the US), which are popular additions to British homes. The brothers also set up their own ventures, including an advertising company, but none of the businesses took off.
As they struggled with money, they had to come up with inventive ways to feed themselves to make weight for their kickboxing bouts, creating one low-cost dish they ironically named “flavor” because it was so bland. “It was white rice, frozen peas — because theyre cheap — and kidney beans,” Andrew recounted in one of his vlogs. 
> “The way theyve been perceived in the national press and everything, thats not what theyre like. Theyre actually genuine guys.”
For his 21st birthday, Tristan and his brother scooped up leftovers from a fast-food restaurant. “I used to scavenge chicken from KFC,” Tristan once said in a [video](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/RViy455a608), “because I thought, *Fuck it, Im not dying and Im not losing my kickboxing fights because I dont have enough protein*.”
BuzzFeed News visited the KFC in question, where the Tates scavenging had become a local legend among the staff. They expressed their support for the brothers, shouting, “Free Top G!” — a reference to Andrew — as we left. 
Jagtar Johal, who runs a gym in Leicestershire, about 75 miles from Luton, said he knew the brothers from the fight scene because they would visit his gym in the early 2010s to spar with top-level fighters from around the world. “Ive never seen brothers so tight, close,” he said. “They werent coming down in a Bugatti. The way theyve been perceived in the national press and everything, thats not what theyre like. Theyre actually genuine guys. Hardworking. They came from nothing.”
Another UK business owner, who knew the brothers and asked not to be named, agreed, but said, “These are two different individuals. Theres one who has a driving force” — namely Andrew — “and the other not so much.”
Meanwhile, the brothers set their sights on reality television, with Andrew appearing on a 2010 British television show called [*Ultimate Traveller*](https://www.channel4.com/programmes/ultimate-traveller). In the series, the contestants go backpacking in Indonesia on a budget, trying to make their money last until the final episode, at which point one of them would win a cash prize.
From the start, Andrew took a strategic approach to in-game alliances, backing a woman contestant who had no other support so that she would feel compelled to later return the favor. “I think that having my vote as her only vote will hold huge merit, so really Im just trying to manipulate her — put her on the side, make her a usable weapon at some point,” [he says in the first episode](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNmoIAtfVJI). “I want to win just so I can go home and say, Yeah, I won, I manipulated them all.’”
Today, Andrew stands accused of manipulating women on a much more sinister scale. According to Romanian prosecutors, he employed the so-called loverboy method, which involves grooming a victim for months with false affection and gifts and then inducting them into sexual servitude.
> Andrew would often buy drinks for everyone on nights out but was awkward with women.
During the taping of *Ultimate Traveller*, Andrew became unwell, developing a condition that left him unable to see out of one eye, and he returned to the UK to recover. BuzzFeed News reached out to a number of former contestants of the show, none of whom agreed to be interviewed about Andrew. “I am not prepared to speak about that man,” one replied. “Be very careful.”
In 2011, Tristan, then 23, appeared on *Shipwrecked: The Island*, in which attractive contestants in their early 20s are deposited on a desert island and compete to become the leader. Tristan proved immediately popular, winning the vote to be the first weeks leader, promising a regime of all work and no play. “As much as they wont enjoy my leadership,” he said, “at the end of it when everyones got somewhere to sleep, theyll all be shaking my hand and thanking me.” While Tristan made it to the end of the show, he was not the ultimate victor.
Being on reality TV gave Andrew and Tristan a degree of local celebrity. Pictures of the brothers around that time show them in local nightclubs with their mates, looking slightly worse for wear. OHalloran, who used to socialize frequently with the brothers, said that Andrew would often buy drinks for everyone on nights out but was awkward with women, and would look to him to take the lead.
OHalloran joked that the roles were now reversed, as the onetime ladies man is now happily married with kids. He added that he had turned down Andrews invitations to party with him in Romania, where OHalloran said the brothers were surrounded by women.
**Despite their attempts** at gaining fame and fortune on television, it was in the kickboxing gym where the brothers truly thrived. They attended Storm Gym in Luton, a well-equipped facility in an old warehouse on a commercial estate, under the tutelage of Amir Subasic, an ex-military kickboxer, who became close with them and their family.
Staff at the gym declined to comment on Andrew or Tristan, and the gyms website was recently [updated](https://web.archive.org/web/20221210220456/http://stormgym.co.uk/fighters/), removing [descriptions](https://web.archive.org/web/20220704203352/https://stormgym.co.uk/fighters/) of Andrew as “one of the most devastating fighters” and Tristan as “a war machine.” 
Johal, the gym owner from Leicestershire, thought that Andrew was a skilled kickboxer, admiring the way he fought with his hands down, a high-risk strategy that allows fighters to bob and weave quickly but exposes them to the dangers of a knockout blow.
Johal suspected that Andrew learned his talent for self-promotion during his years as a fighter. “Andrews always been a bit controversial. Sometimes you have to be the bad cop,” Johal said, explaining that the big money and fights go to the loudest pugilists.
“Andrew learned that a long time ago. Hes always said things to get peoples backs up, to get noticed. As a person hes nothing like that,” Johal said. He added that Andrew used to go onto online kickboxing forums and write controversial things to stir up attention for his bouts.
Ibrahim El Boustati, a Dutch kickboxer who defeated Andrew and took his championship belt in 2016, told the [Mirror](https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/boxing/andrew-tate-jake-paul-fight-27771867) that the alpha male persona is all an act. “He is lying to a lot of people, hes not the person he says he is,” he told the tabloid. “I know him very well, Andrew and his brother Tristan. I talked with them all week before the fight doing interviews, and hes a very kind person.”
Andrew also took over-the-top approach marketing his bouts with the fighting press, [telling](https://love2fight.wordpress.com/2013/07/03/interview-storm-gyms-andrew-king-cobra-tate-post-enfusion-live/) one interviewer from Love 2 Fight, a combat sports zine, in 2013 that he came from a mystical land called Wudan and was trained by a figure called Master Po. This story would later be incorporated into Tates misogynistic training materials, illustrated with elaborate manga-style cartoons, and adopted by his followers.
“His fights were selling themselves,” Johal said. “He literally called himself the Cobra. Because like a cobra, his right hand, straight from behind, would knock most people out.” 
Both brothers had success in the ring. Andrew won several world title fights and Tristan won two British titles. While it wasnt a lucrative trade, it did bring in some money. Andrew finally got a sports car, an Aston Martin DB9, when he earned £10,000 from a fight.
“That was quite an odd thing because it was a one-bedroom flat with an Aston Martin DB sat outside,” OHalloran recalled. That led to the origin of Andrews infamous nickname “Top G.” “We used to always say when we were younger, What a top G,’” OHalloran recalled. “The guys a top gangster here — hes driving an Aston Martin.”
> Many of the themes of alpha masculinity and feminine submissiveness that Emory articulated online were eventually taken up by his sons.
The Tate brothers fighting careers were closely followed by their father, who was then traveling to Europe frequently for chess tournaments. He proudly posted about their kickboxing careers on his Facebook page, saying the brothers were “pound for pound the best” and that “destruction itself” rode in Andrews fingertips.
Through the 2010s, Emory was also vocal online about politics, hitting on some of the controversial issues that would dominate the culture wars in later years. His response to an April 2012 BBC story about transgender competitors in Miss Universe was that it gave him “a warm, tingling feeling… in my right FIST.” In July 2015, Emory wrote a Facebook post saying that the accusations against [Bill Cosby](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/elaminabdelmahmoud/bill-cosby-documentary-review) were from people with drug addictions in search of a payday. “One pill and poke from Bill, and the whole story is of a damsel in distress,” he wrote. “How is this, then, rape, when all of Hollywood was high as a kite?” 
Many of the themes of alpha masculinity and feminine submissiveness that Emory articulated online were eventually taken up by his sons. So, too, was his rhetorical style. Emory frequently referred to the movie *The Matrix*, and his sons would later refer to “The Matrix” as a shadowy establishment seeking to crush them. Emory also had a name for his epigrams: Tateisms, a phrase that Andrew would later use to describe his own philosophies.
Andrew and Tristans aunt Elizabeth said that the mindset of Emory and his sons differed from the approach of the rest of the family. “I attribute their conservatism to the fact that their dad was in the military, and a lot of military men in the United States have identified with the Republican Party,” she said. “And thats where they get that, from that Republican view.” 
She continued, “Were the quintessential American women that have careers and kids. Which is a blessing from my point of view, because in a lot of countries, women arent afforded that. When I hear the views they espouse, I dont think its necessarily true.”
Despite differing political allegiances — she said that the Tate brothers were Donald Trump supporters — she indicated that the family remained close. When Andrew and Tristan started supporting the “Blue Lives Matter” movement after shootings of unarmed Black people in the US, she still gave them the benefit of the doubt, Elizabeth said. 
“Theyre not here in the US. And they get a different perspective because they present as white males,” she said. “The only way you would know that theyre Black is if they told you that.”
**In 2010, Emory moved** to the Bay Area, where he taught chess to schoolchildren. He also spent time with one of his sisters, who had moved there for her academic career, and her son, Luke Leilas.
According to his biography, Emory made a change in 2014, giving up drinking for a time. His consumption had been making him increasingly volatile, and his daughter, Janine, pleaded with him to be sober at a family wedding. “He got into fights because he had too much to drink. Sometimes it would be because he would totally embarrass people in a way that could … be off-putting,” Shabazz told BuzzFeed News. 
Toward the end of his life, Emory was in bad health. He died of a heart attack on Oct. 17, 2015, at a chess tournament in Milpitas, California, at the age of 56. His sons traveled to his memorial in Alabama. Andrew [praised](http://uscf1-nyc1.aodhosting.com/CL-AND-CR-ALL/CL-ALL/2016/2016_01.pdf) his father to Chess Life magazine, saying, “He was afraid of nothing, even death. He was an alpha male in all respects.”
In July 2016, Andrew appeared as a contestant on the UK version of *Big Brother*, a reality show in which contestants live in a house together, cut off from the outside world, and vote each other out. Tate was removed a little more than a week into the program.
Vice recently [revealed](https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvm43q/andrew-tate-arrest) that he was kicked off the show after producers were informed that police were investigating Andrew over rape allegations (no charges were brought). But at the time, his removal was blamed on footage unearthed by a British tabloid of him hitting a woman with a belt. She later said that their activities were “[just pure game](https://www.irishmirror.ie/whats-on/andrew-tates-ex-sets-record-8213969).”
Later in 2016, Tristan would register a company called Model Stars Ltd., seemingly linked to adult webcams, and the cam business started to bring in a lot more cash than fighting. “Everyone thought, *Wheres he getting this money from all of a sudden?*” Johal recalled. “It just took off.” 
The brothers were finally on their way to fortune. And soon, they would find another member of the Tate family to help them. After Emorys death, the brothers reconnected with their cousin Luke Leilas.
[According](https://twtext.com/article/1247931350809796614) to his tweets, in 2016, Leilas was struggling to pay for college. The Tate brothers offered him a trip to Bucharest. “First thing I notice, theyre BIG. Spend some time catching up, then go to the penthouse they were renting out,” he tweeted. “Next thing they show me changed my life.”
> “Ive had quite a few people say, Oh, you knew Emory and Andrew. What happened to Andrew? It just doesnt compute.”
According to Leilass account, one of the women in the penthouse showed him her webcam service, and he watched as fans tipped the model and the money came flooding in. He decided to stay in Romania and became a part of the Tates crew, traveling around the world with them and filming their sermons to their followers. He gained his own following on social media, known only as the mysterious “Cousin Luc.”
BuzzFeed News was able to confirm his identity by showing a picture of Cousin Luc to Elizabeth. Social media pages for Luke Leilas also matched. (Leilas did not respond to requests for comment, but he is currently believed to be in Romania, supporting the brothers during their imprisonment. He has not been charged with any offenses.) 
From 2016 onward, the brothers businesses exploded. They rented new apartments in Romania to house their webcam models, and their life-coaching service, which focused on moneymaking schemes, attracted men from around the world. They became successful influencers, showing off a lifestyle of luxury cars, relentless travel, and hard drinking, all the while offering up misogynistic proclamations. 
However, the seeds of their success became their downfall. The brothers were adept at manipulating social media algorithms to make their content pop by asking their followers to retweet, remix, and spread it across their own channels. Andrews comments were being broadcast to a wider audience, and eventually social media companies took action. In summer 2022, [Andrew was banned from major platforms](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/adeonibada/andrew-tate-banned-instagram-facebook), including Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. (His Twitter account, which had been banned earlier in the year, was later reinstated under Elon Musks amnesty for banned accounts.) 
In the ensuing furor, Andrew declared that his misogynistic remarks had been “taken out of context.” He refused to apologize, saying that if the social media firms had warned him about his comments, “I could have become a champion for womens rights.”
Soon after, the onetime party animal converted to Islam. Andrew “has condemned drug use and has renounced all alcohol consumption,” a spokesperson for the brothers told BuzzFeed News. “He found Islam to be aligned with his worldview and his conversion comes to support his principles and role as male leader, guide, and strength of the family.”
On Dec. 29, 2022, Romanian police in riot gear and balaclavas raided the brothers mansion on the outskirts of Bucharest. Footage shows the authorities running through the complex — which looks something like a Bond villains lair designed by a teenage boy — arresting the brothers and gathering their collection of weapons, including air pistols and brass knuckles. The brothers were detained, along with two Romanian women, who are charged as alleged accomplices. 
The brothers maintain their innocence and are expected to stand trial for human trafficking this spring. “Andrew and Tristan have denied all allegations in the file and are optimistic that the Romanian authorities will see the truth and ultimately, they will prevail,” their representative told BuzzFeed News.
Andrew recently appealed to the court to be released to visit Dubai for medical treatment, as a scan showed a dark spot on his lung, which a representative [told](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11816729/Andrew-Tate-dark-spot-lung-tumour-influencer-confirms-health-fears.html) the Daily Mail was “most likely a tumor.” However, Andrew later clarified via Twitter that the dark spot was scarring “from an old battle,” and not cancer. (Despite Andrew having no internet access in confinement, people [believe](https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mateirosca/andrew-tate-romania-sex-trafficking) that he relays his recent social media posts via handwritten notes and jailhouse conversations with his team.)
Through it all, Andrew and Tristans aunt Elizabeth continues to support her nephews. She said that she has spoken to the US Embassy in Romania about their detention and has reached out to President Joe Biden, though she said he hasnt responded. (The State Department confirmed it was aware of the arrests of two US citizens but could not comment further due to privacy considerations.) 
She believes that the brothers will eventually be freed, and hopes it will be a lesson for them. “They went to church when they were little,” she said. “Now theyre older theyve walked away from their roots. But people tend to go back to their roots. They will be humbled, and theyll come out better men.”
Shenk, the journalist who knew the family in Goshen, said he is often asked about Andrew and Tristan around town and at his church. “Theyre trying to put these things together,” he said. “Ive had quite a few people say, Oh, you knew Emory and Andrew. What happened to Andrew? It just doesnt compute, because there were such positive feelings that people had about the Tate family.”
Meanwhile, on social media Andrew sounds reflective, but hardly contrite. “Locked in jail, many comment on how Im no longer living the high life. They talk as if I was some rich kid. They talk as if I will break. My entire life has been battle,” his account tweeted [on Monday](https://twitter.com/Cobratate/status/1632835494366068736), alongside a video of him from his kickboxing days. “War is all Ive ever known.” ●
*Matei Rosca contributed reporting to this story.*
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- [ ] :moneybag: [[@Finances]]: Transfer UK pension to CH %%done_del%% 🔁 every year 📅 2023-10-31
- [ ] :heavy_dollar_sign: [[@Finances|Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2023-03-14
- [ ] :heavy_dollar_sign: [[@Finances|Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2023-04-11
- [x] :heavy_dollar_sign: [[@Finances|Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2023-03-14 ✅ 2023-03-12
- [x] :heavy_dollar_sign: [[@Finances|Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2023-02-14 ✅ 2023-02-13
- [ ] :heavy_dollar_sign: [[@Finances|Finances]]: Close yearly accounts %%done_del%% 🔁 every year 📅 2024-01-07
- [ ] :heavy_dollar_sign: [[@Finances|Finances]]: Swiss tax self declaration %%done_del%% 🔁 every year 📅 2024-01-07

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#### Breakfast
- [ ] 🥯 Bread
- [x] 🥯 Bread ✅ 2023-03-11
- [x] 🍯 Honey/Jam ✅ 2023-03-09
- [x] 🍫 Nutella ✅ 2022-02-15
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- [x] 🌿 Ginger ✅ 2022-03-14
- [x] 🧂 Curcuma ✅ 2022-03-14
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- [x] 🧂Ground cinamon ✅ 2022-08-05
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#### 🚮 Garbage collection
- [ ] ♻ [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2023-03-14
- [ ] ♻ [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2023-03-28
- [x] ♻ [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2023-03-14 ✅ 2023-03-13
- [x] ♻ [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2023-02-28 ✅ 2023-02-27
- [x] ♻ [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2023-02-14 ✅ 2023-02-13
- [x] ♻ [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2023-01-31 ✅ 2023-01-30

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- [ ] :birthday: **[[Aglaé de Villeneuve|Aglaé]]** %%done_del%% 🔁 every year 📅 2024-02-25
- [x] :birthday: **[[Aglaé de Villeneuve|Aglaé]]** %%done_del%% 🔁 every year 📅 2023-02-25 ✅ 2023-02-25
- [x] :birthday: **[[Aglaé de Villeneuve|Aglaé]]** 🔁 every year 📅 2022-02-25 ✅ 2022-02-25
- [x] :birthday: **[[Aglaé de Villeneuve|Aglaé]]** 🔁 every year 📅 2022-02-25 ✅ 2022-02-25
- [x] :birthday: Aglaé 🔁 every year 📅 2021-02-25 ✅ 2021-10-01
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Tag: ["🍴", "🥩"]
Date: 2023-03-11
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Hierarchy: "NonRoot"
TimeStamp:
location: [47.3616108,8.5602858]
Place:
Type: Restaurant
SubType: Meat
Style: UK
Location: Seefeld
Country: CH
Status: Spotted
CollapseMetaTable: true
Phone: "+41 44 577 56 88"
Email: "hegibachplatz@williamsbutcherstable.ch"
Website: "[Home - Williams ButchersTable | Restaurant & Metzgerei](https://www.williamsbutcherstable.ch/en/)"
---
Parent:: [[@@Zürich|Zürich]], [[@Restaurants Zürich|Restaurants in Zürich]]
&emsp;
```dataviewjs
let tempPhone = dv.current().Phone ? dv.current().Phone.replaceAll(" ", "") : '+000'
let tempMail = dv.current().Email ? dv.current().Email : ""
let tempCoorSet = dv.current().location ? dv.current().location : [0,0]
dv.el('center', '[📲](tel:' + tempPhone + ') &emsp; &emsp; [📧](mailto:' + tempMail + ') &emsp; &emsp; [🗺️](' + "https://waze.com/ul?ll=" + tempCoorSet[0] + "%2C" + tempCoorSet[1] + "&navigate=yes" + ')')
```
---
&emsp;
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-WilliamsButcherstableSave
&emsp;
# William's Butcherstable
&emsp;
> [!summary]+
> Note Description
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### 📇 Contact
&emsp;
> [!address] 🗺
> Neumünsterstrasse 34
> 8008 Zürich
> Switzerland
&emsp;
☎️ `= this.Phone`
📧 `= this.Email`
🌐 `= this.Website`
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### 🗒 Notes
&emsp;
Loret ipsum
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### 🔗 Other activity
&emsp;
```dataview
Table DocType as "Doc type" from [[William's Butcherstable]]
where !contains(file.name, "@@Travel")
sort DocType asc
```
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
---
type: "movie"
subType: null
title: "John Wick"
englishTitle: "John Wick"
year: "2014"
dataSource: "OMDbAPI"
url: "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2911666/"
id: "tt2911666"
genres:
- "Action"
- "Crime"
- "Thriller"
producer: "Chad Stahelski, David Leitch"
duration: "101 min"
onlineRating: 7.4
actors:
- "Keanu Reeves"
- "Michael Nyqvist"
- "Alfie Allen"
image: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTU2NjA1ODgzMF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMTM2MTI4MjE@._V1_SX300.jpg"
released: true
streamingServices:
premiere: "24/10/2014"
watched: true
lastWatched: "[[2023-03-12]]"
personalRating: 7
CollapseMetaTable: true
---
Parent:: [[@Cinematheque]]
Related:: [[John Wick - Chapter 2 (2017)]]
---
```dataviewjs
dv.paragraph(`> [!${dv.current().watched ? 'SUCCESS' : 'WARNING'}] ${dv.current().watched ? 'last watched on ' + dv.current().lastWatched : 'not yet watched'}`)
```
&emsp;
# `$= dv.current().title`
&emsp;
`$= dv.current().watched ? '**Rating**: ' + dv.current().personalRating + ' out of 10' : ''`
```toc
```
&emsp;
### Details
&emsp;
**Genres**:
`$= dv.current().genres.length === 0 ? ' - none' : dv.list(dv.current().genres)`
`$= !dv.current().released ? '**Not released** The movie is not yet released.' : ''`
&emsp;
```dataview
list without id
"<table><tbody><tr><td><a class=heading>Type</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.type + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Online Rating</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.onlineRating + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Duration</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.duration + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Premiered</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.premiere + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Producer</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.producer + "</span></td></tr></tbody></table>"
FROM "03.04 Cinematheque/John Wick (2014)"
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Poster
&emsp;
`$= '![Image|360](' + dv.current().image + ')'`

@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
---
type: "movie"
subType: null
title: "John Wick: Chapter 2"
englishTitle: "John Wick: Chapter 2"
year: "2017"
dataSource: "OMDbAPI"
url: "https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4425200/"
id: "tt4425200"
genres:
- "Action"
- "Crime"
- "Thriller"
producer: "Chad Stahelski"
duration: "122 min"
onlineRating: 7.4
actors:
- "Keanu Reeves"
- "Riccardo Scamarcio"
- "Ian McShane"
image: "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjE2NDkxNTY2M15BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMDc2NzE0MTI@._V1_SX300.jpg"
released: true
streamingServices:
premiere: "10/02/2017"
watched: true
lastWatched: "[[2023-03-13]]"
personalRating: 7
CollapseMetaTable: true
---
Parent:: [[@Cinematheque]]
Related:: [[John Wick (2014)]]
---
```dataviewjs
dv.paragraph(`> [!${dv.current().watched ? 'SUCCESS' : 'WARNING'}] ${dv.current().watched ? 'last watched on ' + dv.current().lastWatched : 'not yet watched'}`)
```
&emsp;
# `$= dv.current().title`
&emsp;
`$= dv.current().watched ? '**Rating**: ' + dv.current().personalRating + ' out of 10' : ''`
```toc
```
&emsp;
### Details
&emsp;
**Genres**:
`$= dv.current().genres.length === 0 ? ' - none' : dv.list(dv.current().genres)`
`$= !dv.current().released ? '**Not released** The movie is not yet released.' : ''`
&emsp;
```dataview
list without id
"<table><tbody><tr><td><a class=heading>Type</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.type + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Online Rating</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.onlineRating + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Duration</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.duration + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Premiered</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.premiere + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Producer</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.producer + "</span></td></tr></tbody></table>"
FROM "03.04 Cinematheque/John Wick - Chapter 2 (2017)"
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Poster
&emsp;
`$= '![Image|360](' + dv.current().image + ')'`

@ -447,6 +447,33 @@ title: service parameters
&emsp;
#### Automation
&emsp;
[Change detection](https://changedetection.io/) is a modern utility to monitor the changes in websites.
It can be paired with [[Configuring Telegram bots|Telegram]], Signal or other types of message delivery systems.
&emsp;
```ad-info
title: service parameters
**IP**: 172.27.0.2:5000
**DockerNames**: changedetection
**Docker ID**: 852906e618865b8f3862a327217e0542fc90feffa892ae33b1635d73b211df27
**live since**: [[2023-03-09]]
---
**Address**: https://automat.mfxm.fr
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
#### Wordle
&emsp;

@ -544,4 +544,32 @@ alias f=expenses:Food
2023/03/10 Food
expenses:Food:CHF CHF30.39
assets:Cash:CHF
2023/03/10 ZVV
expenses:Travels:CHF CHF2.70
assets:Cash:CHF
2023/03/11 Bohemia
expenses:Food:CHF CHF78.50
assets:Cash:CHF
2023/03/12 ZVV
expenses:Travels:CHF CHF5.40
assets:Cash:CHF
2023/03/13 Migros
expenses:Food:CHF CHF8.55
assets:Cash:CHF
2023/03/13 SBB
expenses:Travels:CHF CHF5.40
assets:Cash:CHF
2023/03/13 Migros
expenses:Food:CHF CHF3.80
assets:Cash:CHF
2023/03/13 Kidney stones (10 medics + control visit)
expenses:Health:CHF CHF177.50
assets:Cash:CHF

@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ All tasks and to-dos Crypto-related.
- [x] :ballot_box: [[Crypto Tasks]]: Vote for [[EOS]] block producers %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 1st Tuesday 📅 2023-03-07 ✅ 2023-03-07
- [x] :ballot_box: [[Crypto Tasks]]: Vote for [[EOS]] block producers %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 1st Tuesday 📅 2023-02-07 ✅ 2023-02-06
- [x] :ballot_box: [[Crypto Tasks]]: Vote for [[EOS]] block producers %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 1st Tuesday 📅 2023-01-03 ✅ 2023-01-03
- [ ] :chart: Check [[Nimbus]] earnings %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Monday 📅 2023-03-13
- [ ] :chart: Check [[Nimbus]] earnings %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Monday 📅 2023-04-10
- [x] :chart: Check [[Nimbus]] earnings %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Monday 📅 2023-03-13 ✅ 2023-03-12
- [x] :chart: Check [[Nimbus]] earnings %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Monday 📅 2023-02-13 ✅ 2023-02-12
- [x] :chart: Check [[Nimbus]] earnings %%done_del%% 🔁 every month on the 2nd Monday 📅 2023-01-09 ✅ 2023-01-03
- [x] :eagle: Find staking for [[Aragon]] 📅 2022-09-30 ✅ 2022-09-29

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