**Synology (DS218/220+)**
| NAS | Β£250/300 |**Dell Poweredge Tower Server T30**
| Server | Β£300/400 |**HP Z420**
| Workstation | Β£400 ==WIP== #### OS & Applications [[#^Top|TOP]] **Linux** is the most common OS for servers. **Ubuntu**, **Debian** or **CentOS** the most common distributions. **MacOS** would require a Virtual Machine to run properly. #### Internet connection More and more literature point that a home Internet connection may not be the most appropriate way for a server to connect to the Internet. ISPs limit traffic to manage bandwidth and comply to legislations. #### Domain [[#^Top|TOP]] > [!info] Privacy-friendly domain manager > [Njalla](https://njal.la/) Domain management is important for several reasons: email and email routine can only be defined once per domain. As such, email services (self-hosting, email aliasing) need to be run on separate domains. For self-hosting, the folllowing domain will be used: **mfxm.fr** > [!warning] > Sub-domains to be defined with **webhost**. #### Security Security is paramount at the points of connection to the server. SSH protocols are secured but csn be intercepted. Two different ways of protection can be implemented: ##### RSA Key [[#^Top|TOP]] > [!info] Documentation > [SSH Key Tutorial](https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/use-public-key-authentication-with-ssh/) [SSH Key Tutorial 2](https://upcloud.com/community/tutorials/use-ssh-keys-authentication/) All documentation to implement such control can be found [[VPS Console Dialogue#Securing Server access|here]]. ##### VPN > [!info] Documentation > [SSH VPN](https://openvpn.net/community-resources/how-to/) Not tested. ##### Other security considerations Additional measures can be found below and are in majority described [[VPS Console Dialogue#Editing the Server's SSH config|here]]. > [!info] Documentation > [Securing SSH](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/eight-ways-secure-ssh) #### Continuity & backups [[#^Top|TOP]] > [!info] Documentation > [Local backup](https://blog.ssdnodes.com/blog/vps-backups-simple-overthinking/) [Hot Copy](https://programmerbear.com/how-to-backup-your-entire-server-or-vps-while-its-running-using-linux-hot-copy/) Backups are managed through the **tar** command and dispatched over the network with **rclone**. Instructions can be found [[VPS Console Dialogue#Backing up a server|here]]. #### Server Monitoring [[#^Top|TOP]] > [!info] Documentation > [Monit](https://mmonit.com/) [Performance Co-Pilot](https://pcp.io/) [Nagios](https://nagios.org) Monitoring is implemented through a free and open-source tool called [[Configuring Monit|monit]]. Other Apps include: [dockprom](https://github.com/stefanprodan/dockprom) [CrowdSec - The open-source & collaborative IPS ](https://crowdsec.net/) --- ### Running multiple services on the same hardware [[#^Top|TOP]] > [!tip] Considerations to start > [Tutorial](https://cyberhost.uk/getting-started/) [Caddy tutorial](https://cyberhost.uk/caddy-setup/) [Nginx Proxy Manager tutorial](https://cyberhost.uk/npm-setup/) In essence, to run multiple services on the same hardware, a few basic steps need to be taken to ensure that each service runs properly. | Consideration | Tool | Description |---------------|------|------------ |**Compartimentalise services into containers**
| **[[Configuring Docker\|docker]]** | Creates containers that can be run independently |**Simplify docker commands**
| **docker-compose** | Enables to create 'script' for docker commands |**Route internet traffic appropriately**
| reverse proxy: **nginx**, **[[Configuring Caddy\|caddy]]** | Enables to route addresses to the appropriate containers and manage SSL certificates (and https forcing) --- ### Self-hosted services A list of FOSS services can be found [here](https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted) | Service | OS | Technical reqs | Description |--------|----|----------------|-- **Email service** | Linux | 2GB RAM recommended | self-host an [[#Email service]]**Email aliases**
| Linux | 2GB RAM; ports: 22, 25, 80, 443 | an [[#Email alias service\|alias service]] like [SimpleLogin](https://simplelogin.io) **[[Nextcloud]]** | Linux | 500M RAM; MySQL & SQL Lite; PHP 8.0; Apache 2.4 with PHP or nginx with PHP | [[#Personal cloud syncing]] instance**Instant Message**
| Linux | 2/4GB RAM; ports & other extensions | [[Element]] instance for [[#Instant Messenging]]**VPN**
| Linux | 500MB RAM | Host a private [[#VPN]] #### Email service [[#^Top|TOP]] Email service can be fully built but has many components to it: server, database, imap, caldav, carddav, DNS specificities, spam whitelisting as well as security (server access & spam filtering). It can therefore be tideous to build an email service from scratch. Pre-packaged solitions exist to manage all components: 1. [IRedMail](https://www.iredmail.org/) 2. [Mail-in-a-Box](https://mailinabox.email/) 3. [Docker-mailserver](https://hub.docker.com/r/tvial/docker-mailserver/) which is command-line-only and to be built more extensively than the two other alternatives > [!info] Documentation > [Reddit Documentation](https://reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/6h88qf/on_selfhosted_mail_servers/) > [Tutorial](https://github.com/ajgon/self-hosted-mailserver/blob/master/docs/nsa-proof-your-e-mail-in-2-hours.md) #### [[Server Alias|Email alias]] service [[#^Top|TOP]] > [!info] Documentation > [Tutorial](https://github.com/simple-login/app) #### Instant Messenging [[#^Top|TOP]] > [!info] Documentation > [[Element]] #### Website > [!info] CMS > Open source CMS solution: [The worldβs fastest framework for building websites | Hugo](https://gohugo.io/) > Or [Jekyll β’ Simple, blog-aware, static sites | Transform your plain text into static websites and blogs](https://jekyllrb.com/) > Or [Eleventy, a simpler static site generator.](https://www.11ty.dev/) #### ShortURL [[#^Top|TOP]] Through Wordpres with [Thirsty Affiliates](https://thirstyaffiliates.com): free of charge. #### Self hosting ideas [[#^Top|TOP]] ##### Photos > [!info] Photoprism > Self-hosted photo management solution: [here](https://photoprism.app/) > [!info] Piwigo > [Website](https://piwigo.org/) ##### Tools [[#^Top|TOP]] | Tool | Self-hosted service | Link to tutorial | Sub-domain |------|---------------------|---------------|-------Youtube with no ads
| **Piped** | [here]([](https://piped-docs.kavin.rocks/docs/self-hosting/)) | videos[[NextDNS\|DNS resolver]]
| **AdGuard Home** | [here](https://cyberhost.uk/adguard-setup/) | dns-resolverOnline identity
| **authentik**