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cleanup 2nd tour

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iOS 3 years ago
parent 3979764454
commit 49406a1353
35 changed files with 20696 additions and 20275 deletions
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3
.obsidian/community-plugins.json
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@ -58,5 +58,6 @@
"obsidian-wikipedia", "obsidian-wikipedia",
"obsidian-read-it-later", "obsidian-read-it-later",
"obsidian-full-calendar", "obsidian-full-calendar",
"markdown-table-editor" "markdown-table-editor",
"obsidian-book-search-plugin"
] ]

12
.obsidian/plugins/customizable-page-header-buttons/data.json
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@ -29,7 +29,17 @@
"icon": "feather-dollar-sign", "icon": "feather-dollar-sign",
"name": "Crypto Lookup: Insert Selected Crypto Ticker Extended", "name": "Crypto Lookup: Insert Selected Crypto Ticker Extended",
"showButtons": "both" "showButtons": "both"
},
{
"id": "obsidian-book-search-plugin:open-book-search-modal",
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"name": "Book Search: Create new book note",
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14
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@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
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@ -438,7 +438,15 @@
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4
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-book-search-plugin/data.json
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@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
{
"folder": "00.02 Inbox",
"frontmatter": "Tag: [\"\"]\nDate: \nDocType: \"Source\"\nHierarchy: \"NonRoot\"\nTimeStamp:\nlocation:\nSource:\n Type: \"Book\"\n Author:\n Language:\n Published:\n Link:\n Read:\n Cover:"
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2120
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-book-search-plugin/main.js
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10
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-book-search-plugin/manifest.json
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
{
"id": "obsidian-book-search-plugin",
"name": "Book Search",
"version": "0.0.4",
"minAppVersion": "0.12.0",
"description": "This is a sample plugin for Obsidian. This plugin demonstrates some of the capabilities of the Obsidian API.",
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"authorUrl": "https://obsidian.md",
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1
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-book-search-plugin/styles.css
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
/* Sets all the text color to red! */

123
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@ -3858,14 +3878,11 @@
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Configuring Prometheus.md\"> Configuring Prometheus </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Configuring Prometheus.md\"> Configuring Prometheus </a>",
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.05 Media/Mountain Men & Holy Wars.md\"> Mountain Men & Holy Wars </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.05 Media/Mountain Men & Holy Wars.md\"> Mountain Men & Holy Wars </a>",
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Tous les hommes n'habitent pas le monde de la m<>me fa<66>on - Jean-Paul Dubois.md\"> Tous les hommes n'habitent pas le monde de la m<>me fa<66>on - Jean-Paul Dubois </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Tous les hommes n'habitent pas le monde de la m<>me fa<66>on - Jean-Paul Dubois.md\"> Tous les hommes n'habitent pas le monde de la m<>me fa<66>on - Jean-Paul Dubois </a>"
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-22.md\"> 2022-04-22 </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-22.md\"> 2022-04-22 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-21.md\"> 2022-04-21 </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-21.md\"> 2022-04-21 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-20.md\"> 2022-04-20 </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-20.md\"> 2022-04-20 </a>",
@ -4100,17 +4125,7 @@
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-14.md\"> 2022-04-14 </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-14.md\"> 2022-04-14 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.06 Professional/The Importance of Leading With Empathy (And How To Do It).md\"> The Importance of Leading With Empathy (And How To Do It) </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.06 Professional/The Importance of Leading With Empathy (And How To Do It).md\"> The Importance of Leading With Empathy (And How To Do It) </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery.md\"> Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery.md\"> Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer.md\"> The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer.md\"> The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer </a>"
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Union’s Guerrilla Bid to Make History.md\"> Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Union’s Guerrilla Bid to Make History </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar.md\"> Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-13.md\"> 2022-04-13 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-12.md\"> 2022-04-12 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/WiFI - ZH.md\"> WiFI - ZH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - FR.md\"> Mobile - FR </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - UK.md\"> Mobile - UK </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - CH.md\"> Mobile - CH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Geo - ZH.md\"> Geo - ZH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Email - tuta.md\"> Email - tuta </a>"
], ],
"Removed Tags from": [ "Removed Tags from": [
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/Le Miel de Paris.md\"> Le Miel de Paris </a>", "<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/Le Miel de Paris.md\"> Le Miel de Paris </a>",

75
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-map-view/main.js
Unescape View File

@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ const MAP_VIEW_NAME = 'map';
const RIBBON_ICON = '<path fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" d="m50.06001,1.76c-26.54347,0 -48.06001,21.74039 -48.06001,48.56c0,26.81961 21.51654,48.56 48.06001,48.56c26.54347,0 48.06001,-21.74039 48.06001,-48.56c0,-26.81961 -21.51654,-48.56 -48.06001,-48.56zm15.94701,70.02039c-0.75578,0.75973 -1.54838,1.55666 -2.19177,2.2087c-0.57943,0.58742 -0.98833,1.3119 -1.19569,2.09709c-0.29262,1.10826 -0.52905,2.22828 -0.92438,3.30325l-3.37001,9.17353c-2.66656,0.58742 -5.42613,0.91833 -8.26516,0.91833l0,-5.36118c0.32751,-2.47108 -1.48056,-7.09994 -4.38548,-10.03508c-1.16274,-1.17484 -1.81582,-2.7687 -1.81582,-4.4311l0,-6.26776c0,-2.27919 -1.21507,-4.37432 -3.18979,-5.47671c-2.78477,-1.55666 -6.74584,-3.73207 -9.45891,-5.11251c-2.22471,-1.13176 -4.28277,-2.5729 -6.13346,-4.25879l-0.15503,-0.14098c-1.32339,-1.20715 -2.49854,-2.57055 -3.49985,-4.06103c-1.81775,-2.69625 -4.77887,-7.13127 -6.70321,-10.01354c3.96689,-8.90919 11.11582,-16.06396 19.99917,-19.95072l4.65291,2.35164c2.06193,1.04169 4.48818,-0.47189 4.48818,-2.80199l0,-2.21261c1.54838,-0.25259 3.1239,-0.41315 4.72655,-0.47385l5.48427,5.54132c1.21119,1.22379 1.21119,3.20731 0,4.4311l-0.90888,0.91637l-2.00379,2.02464c-0.60463,0.61092 -0.60463,1.60365 0,2.21457l0.90888,0.91833c0.60463,0.61092 0.60463,1.60365 0,2.21457l-1.55032,1.56645c-0.29107,0.29351 -0.68563,0.45838 -1.09685,0.45819l-1.74218,0c-0.40308,0 -0.79066,0.1586 -1.08135,0.44448l-1.9224,1.88953c-0.48351,0.47581 -0.60734,1.21263 -0.30619,1.82296l3.02119,6.1072c0.51548,1.04169 -0.23449,2.26744 -1.3856,2.26744l-1.09298,0c-0.37402,0 -0.73447,-0.13706 -1.01546,-0.38378l-1.79837,-1.5782c-0.82787,-0.72566 -1.97337,-0.95651 -3.01344,-0.607l-6.04045,2.03443c-0.9457,0.31858 -1.58365,1.21302 -1.58327,2.22045c0,0.887 0.4961,1.69568 1.28095,2.09317l2.1472,1.08477c1.82357,0.92225 3.83511,1.40197 5.87379,1.40197c2.03867,0 4.37772,5.34356 6.20129,6.26581l12.93551,0c1.64528,0 3.2208,0.65987 4.38548,1.83471l2.65299,2.68059c1.10829,1.12021 1.73074,2.63947 1.73055,4.22355c-0.00078,2.42428 -0.95771,4.74811 -2.6588,6.4577zm16.80356,-17.88692c-1.12205,-0.28392 -2.10069,-0.97903 -2.74213,-1.95219l-3.48435,-5.2809c-1.04259,-1.57781 -1.04259,-3.63456 0,-5.21237l3.79635,-5.75279c0.44959,-0.67945 1.06585,-1.23162 1.79062,-1.59582l2.5154,-1.27078c2.62005,5.27111 4.13161,11.20013 4.13161,17.49139c0,1.69764 -0.1434,3.36004 -0.3527,5.0009l-5.6548,-1.42743z" fill="#000000" id="shape0" stroke="#000000" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-opacity="0" stroke-width="0"/>'; const RIBBON_ICON = '<path fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" d="m50.06001,1.76c-26.54347,0 -48.06001,21.74039 -48.06001,48.56c0,26.81961 21.51654,48.56 48.06001,48.56c26.54347,0 48.06001,-21.74039 48.06001,-48.56c0,-26.81961 -21.51654,-48.56 -48.06001,-48.56zm15.94701,70.02039c-0.75578,0.75973 -1.54838,1.55666 -2.19177,2.2087c-0.57943,0.58742 -0.98833,1.3119 -1.19569,2.09709c-0.29262,1.10826 -0.52905,2.22828 -0.92438,3.30325l-3.37001,9.17353c-2.66656,0.58742 -5.42613,0.91833 -8.26516,0.91833l0,-5.36118c0.32751,-2.47108 -1.48056,-7.09994 -4.38548,-10.03508c-1.16274,-1.17484 -1.81582,-2.7687 -1.81582,-4.4311l0,-6.26776c0,-2.27919 -1.21507,-4.37432 -3.18979,-5.47671c-2.78477,-1.55666 -6.74584,-3.73207 -9.45891,-5.11251c-2.22471,-1.13176 -4.28277,-2.5729 -6.13346,-4.25879l-0.15503,-0.14098c-1.32339,-1.20715 -2.49854,-2.57055 -3.49985,-4.06103c-1.81775,-2.69625 -4.77887,-7.13127 -6.70321,-10.01354c3.96689,-8.90919 11.11582,-16.06396 19.99917,-19.95072l4.65291,2.35164c2.06193,1.04169 4.48818,-0.47189 4.48818,-2.80199l0,-2.21261c1.54838,-0.25259 3.1239,-0.41315 4.72655,-0.47385l5.48427,5.54132c1.21119,1.22379 1.21119,3.20731 0,4.4311l-0.90888,0.91637l-2.00379,2.02464c-0.60463,0.61092 -0.60463,1.60365 0,2.21457l0.90888,0.91833c0.60463,0.61092 0.60463,1.60365 0,2.21457l-1.55032,1.56645c-0.29107,0.29351 -0.68563,0.45838 -1.09685,0.45819l-1.74218,0c-0.40308,0 -0.79066,0.1586 -1.08135,0.44448l-1.9224,1.88953c-0.48351,0.47581 -0.60734,1.21263 -0.30619,1.82296l3.02119,6.1072c0.51548,1.04169 -0.23449,2.26744 -1.3856,2.26744l-1.09298,0c-0.37402,0 -0.73447,-0.13706 -1.01546,-0.38378l-1.79837,-1.5782c-0.82787,-0.72566 -1.97337,-0.95651 -3.01344,-0.607l-6.04045,2.03443c-0.9457,0.31858 -1.58365,1.21302 -1.58327,2.22045c0,0.887 0.4961,1.69568 1.28095,2.09317l2.1472,1.08477c1.82357,0.92225 3.83511,1.40197 5.87379,1.40197c2.03867,0 4.37772,5.34356 6.20129,6.26581l12.93551,0c1.64528,0 3.2208,0.65987 4.38548,1.83471l2.65299,2.68059c1.10829,1.12021 1.73074,2.63947 1.73055,4.22355c-0.00078,2.42428 -0.95771,4.74811 -2.6588,6.4577zm16.80356,-17.88692c-1.12205,-0.28392 -2.10069,-0.97903 -2.74213,-1.95219l-3.48435,-5.2809c-1.04259,-1.57781 -1.04259,-3.63456 0,-5.21237l3.79635,-5.75279c0.44959,-0.67945 1.06585,-1.23162 1.79062,-1.59582l2.5154,-1.27078c2.62005,5.27111 4.13161,11.20013 4.13161,17.49139c0,1.69764 -0.1434,3.36004 -0.3527,5.0009l-5.6548,-1.42743z" fill="#000000" id="shape0" stroke="#000000" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-opacity="0" stroke-width="0"/>';
const SEARCH_RESULT_MARKER = { prefix: 'fas', icon: 'fa-search', markerColor: 'blue' }; const SEARCH_RESULT_MARKER = { prefix: 'fas', icon: 'fa-search', markerColor: 'blue' };
const MAX_CLUSTER_PREVIEW_ICONS = 4; const MAX_CLUSTER_PREVIEW_ICONS = 4;
const HISTORY_SAVE_ZOOM_DIFF = 2;
const LAT_LIMITS = [-90, 90]; const LAT_LIMITS = [-90, 90];
const LNG_LIMITS = [-180, 180]; const LNG_LIMITS = [-180, 180];
@ -17406,7 +17407,8 @@ const DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
searchProvider: 'osm', searchProvider: 'osm',
mapSources: [{ name: 'CartoDB', urlLight: 'https://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/rastertiles/voyager/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', preset: true }], mapSources: [{ name: 'CartoDB', urlLight: 'https://{s}.basemaps.cartocdn.com/rastertiles/voyager/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', preset: true }],
// mapSources: [{name: 'OpenStreetMap', urlLight: consts.TILES_URL_OPENSTREETMAP}], // mapSources: [{name: 'OpenStreetMap', urlLight: consts.TILES_URL_OPENSTREETMAP}],
chosenMapMode: 'auto' chosenMapMode: 'auto',
saveHistory: true
}; };
function convertLegacyMarkerIcons(settings) { function convertLegacyMarkerIcons(settings) {
if (settings.markerIcons) { if (settings.markerIcons) {
@ -18331,23 +18333,53 @@ class MapView extends obsidian.ItemView {
this.plugin = plugin; this.plugin = plugin;
// Create the default state by the configuration // Create the default state by the configuration
this.defaultState = this.settings.defaultState; this.defaultState = this.settings.defaultState;
this.setState = (state, result) => __awaiter(this, void 0, void 0, function* () {
yield this.setViewState(state, true, false);
if (this.display.controls)
this.display.controls.tryToGuessPreset();
});
this.getState = () => {
return this.state;
};
// Listen to file changes so we can update markers accordingly // Listen to file changes so we can update markers accordingly
this.app.vault.on('delete', file => this.updateMarkersWithRelationToFile(file.path, null, true)); this.app.vault.on('delete', file => this.updateMarkersWithRelationToFile(file.path, null, true));
this.app.vault.on('rename', (file, oldPath) => this.updateMarkersWithRelationToFile(oldPath, file, true));
this.app.metadataCache.on('changed', file => this.updateMarkersWithRelationToFile(file.path, file, false)); this.app.metadataCache.on('changed', file => this.updateMarkersWithRelationToFile(file.path, file, false));
// On rename we don't need to do anything because the markers hold a TFile, and the TFile object doesn't change
// when the file name changes. Only its internal path field changes accordingly.
// this.app.vault.on('rename', (file, oldPath) => this.updateMarkersWithRelationToFile(oldPath, file, true));
this.app.workspace.on('css-change', () => { this.app.workspace.on('css-change', () => {
console.log('Map view: map refresh due to CSS change'); console.log('Map view: map refresh due to CSS change');
this.refreshMap(); this.refreshMap();
}); });
} }
setState(state, result) {
return __awaiter(this, void 0, void 0, function* () {
if (this.shouldSaveToHistory(state)) {
result.history = true;
this.lastSavedState = Object.assign({}, state);
}
yield this.setViewState(state, true, false);
if (this.display.controls)
this.display.controls.tryToGuessPreset();
});
}
getState() {
return this.state;
}
/** Decides and returns true if the given state change, compared to the last saved state, is substantial
* enough to be saved as an Obsidian history state */
shouldSaveToHistory(newState) {
if (!this.settings.saveHistory)
return false;
if (!this.lastSavedState)
return true;
if (newState.forceHistorySave) {
newState.forceHistorySave = false;
return true;
}
// If the zoom changed by HISTORY_SAVE_ZOOM_DIFF -- save the history
if (Math.abs(newState.mapZoom - this.lastSavedState.mapZoom) >= HISTORY_SAVE_ZOOM_DIFF)
return true;
// If the previous center is no longer visible -- save the history
// (this is partially cheating because we use the actual map and not the state object)
if (this.lastSavedState.mapCenter && !this.display.map.getBounds().contains(this.lastSavedState.mapCenter))
return true;
if (newState.tags != this.lastSavedState.tags || newState.chosenMapSource != this.lastSavedState.chosenMapSource)
return true;
return false;
}
getViewType() { return 'map'; } getViewType() { return 'map'; }
getDisplayText() { return 'Interactive Map View'; } getDisplayText() { return 'Interactive Map View'; }
isDarkMode(settings) { isDarkMode(settings) {
@ -18489,12 +18521,17 @@ class MapView extends obsidian.ItemView {
this.display.map.on('zoomend', (event) => { this.display.map.on('zoomend', (event) => {
var _a, _b; var _a, _b;
this.state.mapZoom = this.display.map.getZoom(); this.state.mapZoom = this.display.map.getZoom();
this.state.mapCenter = this.display.map.getCenter();
(_b = (_a = this.display) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.controls) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.invalidateActivePreset(); (_b = (_a = this.display) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.controls) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.invalidateActivePreset();
const state = this.leaf.getViewState();
this.leaf.setViewState(state);
}); });
this.display.map.on('moveend', (event) => { this.display.map.on('moveend', (event) => {
var _a, _b; var _a, _b;
this.state.mapCenter = this.display.map.getCenter(); this.state.mapCenter = this.display.map.getCenter();
(_b = (_a = this.display) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.controls) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.invalidateActivePreset(); (_b = (_a = this.display) === null || _a === void 0 ? void 0 : _a.controls) === null || _b === void 0 ? void 0 : _b.invalidateActivePreset();
const state = this.leaf.getViewState();
this.leaf.setViewState(state);
}); });
if (this.settings.showClusterPreview) { if (this.settings.showClusterPreview) {
this.display.clusterGroup.on('clustermouseover', cluster => { this.display.clusterGroup.on('clustermouseover', cluster => {
@ -18514,6 +18551,12 @@ class MapView extends obsidian.ItemView {
this.display.clusterGroup.on('clustermouseout', cluster => { this.display.clusterGroup.on('clustermouseout', cluster => {
cluster.propagatedFrom.closePopup(); cluster.propagatedFrom.closePopup();
}); });
this.display.clusterGroup.on('clusterclick', cluster => {
const state = this.leaf.getViewState();
// After a cluster click always save the history, the user expects 'back' to really go back
state.state.forceHistorySave = true;
this.leaf.setViewState(state);
});
} }
// Build the map marker right-click context menu // Build the map marker right-click context menu
this.display.map.on('contextmenu', (event) => __awaiter(this, void 0, void 0, function* () { this.display.map.on('contextmenu', (event) => __awaiter(this, void 0, void 0, function* () {
@ -18579,7 +18622,6 @@ class MapView extends obsidian.ItemView {
// Saying it again: do not use 'await' below this line! // Saying it again: do not use 'await' below this line!
this.state = state; this.state = state;
this.updateMapMarkers(newMarkers); this.updateMapMarkers(newMarkers);
if (this.state.mapCenter && this.state.mapZoom)
this.display.map.setView(this.state.mapCenter, this.state.mapZoom); this.display.map.setView(this.state.mapCenter, this.state.mapZoom);
if (this.settings.debug) if (this.settings.debug)
console.timeEnd('updateMarkersToState'); console.timeEnd('updateMarkersToState');
@ -18934,6 +18976,17 @@ class SettingsTab extends obsidian.PluginSettingTab {
yield this.plugin.saveSettings(); yield this.plugin.saveSettings();
})); }));
}); });
new obsidian.Setting(containerEl)
.setName('Save back/forward history')
.setDesc("While making changes to the map, save the history to be browsable through Obsidian back/forward buttons.")
.addToggle(component => {
component
.setValue(this.plugin.settings.saveHistory)
.onChange((value) => __awaiter(this, void 0, void 0, function* () {
this.plugin.settings.saveHistory = value;
yield this.plugin.saveSettings();
}));
});
new obsidian.Setting(containerEl) new obsidian.Setting(containerEl)
.setHeading().setName('Map Sources') .setHeading().setName('Map Sources')
.setDesc('Change and switch between sources for map tiles. An optional dark mode URL can be defined for each source. If no such URL is defined and dark mode is used, the map colors are reverted. See the documentation for more details.'); .setDesc('Change and switch between sources for map tiles. An optional dark mode URL can be defined for each source. If no such URL is defined and dark mode is used, the map colors are reverted. See the documentation for more details.');

2
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-map-view/manifest.json
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{ {
"id": "obsidian-map-view", "id": "obsidian-map-view",
"name": "Map View", "name": "Map View",
"version": "1.4.0", "version": "1.5.0",
"minAppVersion": "0.12.10", "minAppVersion": "0.12.10",
"description": "An interactive map view.", "description": "An interactive map view.",
"isDesktopOnly": false "isDesktopOnly": false

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.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-memos/manifest.json
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@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
"id": "obsidian-memos", "id": "obsidian-memos",
"name": "Obsidian Memos", "name": "Obsidian Memos",
"description": "A plugin for capturing ideas in Obsidian", "description": "A plugin for capturing ideas in Obsidian",
"version": "1.8.1", "version": "1.9.5",
"author": "Boninall", "author": "Boninall",
"authorUrl": "https://github.com/Quorafind/", "authorUrl": "https://github.com/Quorafind/",
"isDesktopOnly": false, "isDesktopOnly": false,
"minAppVersion": "0.13.14" "minAppVersion": "0.14.0"
} }

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.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-reminder-plugin/data.json
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@ -453,34 +453,34 @@
"06.02 Investments/VC Tasks.md": [ "06.02 Investments/VC Tasks.md": [
{ {
"title": "[[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]]", "title": "[[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]]",
"time": "2022-04-22", "time": "2022-04-29",
"rowNumber": 74 "rowNumber": 74
} }
], ],
"06.02 Investments/Crypto Tasks.md": [ "06.02 Investments/Crypto Tasks.md": [
{ {
"title": "[[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]]", "title": "[[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]]",
"time": "2022-04-22", "time": "2022-04-29",
"rowNumber": 74 "rowNumber": 74
} }
], ],
"06.02 Investments/Equity Tasks.md": [ "06.02 Investments/Equity Tasks.md": [
{ {
"title": "[[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]]", "title": "[[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]]",
"time": "2022-04-22", "time": "2022-04-29",
"rowNumber": 74 "rowNumber": 74
} }
], ],
"05.02 Networks/Configuring UFW.md": [ "05.02 Networks/Configuring UFW.md": [
{ {
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix", "title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix",
"time": "2022-04-23", "time": "2022-04-30",
"rowNumber": 239 "rowNumber": 239
}, },
{ {
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list", "title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list",
"time": "2022-04-23", "time": "2022-04-30",
"rowNumber": 245 "rowNumber": 246
} }
], ],
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-18.md": [ "00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-18.md": [
@ -526,25 +526,10 @@
} }
], ],
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-18.md": [ "00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-18.md": [
{
"title": "12:49 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: check the Tennis Club at the top of the mountain",
"time": "2022-04-23",
"rowNumber": 91
},
{
"title": "14:30 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Alias]], [[Configuring Fail2ban]]: check (imported) nginx filters",
"time": "2022-04-23",
"rowNumber": 93
},
{ {
"title": "14:12 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: Find a cleaner", "title": "14:12 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: Find a cleaner",
"time": "2022-04-24", "time": "2022-04-24",
"rowNumber": 92 "rowNumber": 92
},
{
"title": "17:54 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: Look up the afrench sailing circle",
"time": "2022-04-25",
"rowNumber": 94
} }
] ]
}, },

66
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-task-collector/main.js
Unescape View File

@ -61,11 +61,12 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
constructor(app) { constructor(app) {
this.app = app; this.app = app;
this.app = app; this.app = app;
this.completedOrCanceled = new RegExp(/^(\s*- \[)[xX-](\] .*)$/); this.anyListItem = new RegExp(/^([\s>]*- )([^\\[].*)$/);
this.anyListItem = new RegExp(/^(\s*- )([^\\[].*)$/); this.anyTaskMark = new RegExp(/^([\s>]*- \[).(\] .*)$/);
this.anyTaskMark = new RegExp(/^(\s*- \[).(\] .*)$/); this.blockQuote = new RegExp(/^(\s*>[\s>]*)(.*)$/);
this.blockRef = new RegExp(/^(.*?)( \^[A-Za-z0-9-]+)?$/); this.blockRef = new RegExp(/^(.*?)( \^[A-Za-z0-9-]+)?$/);
this.stripTask = new RegExp(/^(\s*-) \[.\] (.*)$/); this.continuation = new RegExp(/^( {2,}|\t)/);
this.stripTask = new RegExp(/^([\s>]*-) \[.\] (.*)$/);
} }
updateSettings(settings) { updateSettings(settings) {
this.settings = settings; this.settings = settings;
@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
} }
} }
} }
const completedTasks = this.settings.supportCanceledTasks ? "xX-" : "xX"; const completedTasks = (this.settings.onlyLowercaseX ? "x" : "xX") + (this.settings.supportCanceledTasks ? "-" : "");
if (this.settings.incompleteTaskValues.indexOf(" ") < 0) { if (this.settings.incompleteTaskValues.indexOf(" ") < 0) {
this.settings.incompleteTaskValues = " " + this.settings.incompleteTaskValues; this.settings.incompleteTaskValues = " " + this.settings.incompleteTaskValues;
} }
@ -110,10 +111,10 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
return param ? new RegExp(param + "( \\^[A-Za-z0-9-]+)?$") : null; return param ? new RegExp(param + "( \\^[A-Za-z0-9-]+)?$") : null;
} }
tryCreateCompleteRegex(param) { tryCreateCompleteRegex(param) {
return new RegExp(`^(\\s*- \\[)[${param}](\\] .*)$`); return new RegExp(`^([\\s>]*- \\[)[${param}](\\] .*)$`);
} }
tryCreateIncompleteRegex(param) { tryCreateIncompleteRegex(param) {
return new RegExp(`^(\\s*- \\[)[${param}](\\] .*)$`); return new RegExp(`^([\\s>]*- \\[)[${param}](\\] .*)$`);
} }
removeCheckboxFromLine(lineText) { removeCheckboxFromLine(lineText) {
return lineText.replace(this.stripTask, "$1 $2"); return lineText.replace(this.stripTask, "$1 $2");
@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
marked = marked.replace(this.initSettings.removeRegExp, ""); marked = marked.replace(this.initSettings.removeRegExp, "");
} }
if (this.settings.appendDateFormat) { if (this.settings.appendDateFormat) {
const strictLineEnding = lineText.endsWith(" ");
let blockid = ""; let blockid = "";
const match = this.blockRef.exec(marked); const match = this.blockRef.exec(marked);
if (match && match[2]) { if (match && match[2]) {
@ -134,6 +136,9 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
marked += " "; marked += " ";
} }
marked += (0, import_obsidian.moment)().format(this.settings.appendDateFormat) + blockid; marked += (0, import_obsidian.moment)().format(this.settings.appendDateFormat) + blockid;
if (strictLineEnding) {
marked += " ";
}
} }
return marked; return marked;
} }
@ -190,6 +195,7 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
} }
resetTaskLine(lineText, mark = " ") { resetTaskLine(lineText, mark = " ") {
let marked = lineText.replace(this.anyTaskMark, "$1" + mark + "$2"); let marked = lineText.replace(this.anyTaskMark, "$1" + mark + "$2");
const strictLineEnding = lineText.endsWith(" ");
let blockid = ""; let blockid = "";
const match = this.blockRef.exec(marked); const match = this.blockRef.exec(marked);
if (match && match[2]) { if (match && match[2]) {
@ -200,6 +206,9 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
marked = marked.replace(this.initSettings.resetRegExp, ""); marked = marked.replace(this.initSettings.resetRegExp, "");
} }
marked = marked.replace(/\s*$/, blockid); marked = marked.replace(/\s*$/, blockid);
if (strictLineEnding) {
marked += " ";
}
return marked; return marked;
} }
resetTaskOnLine(editor, i, mark) { resetTaskOnLine(editor, i, mark) {
@ -221,7 +230,7 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
} else if (line.trim() === LOG_HEADING) { } else if (line.trim() === LOG_HEADING) {
inCompletedSection = true; inCompletedSection = true;
result.push(line); result.push(line);
} else if (this.completedOrCanceled.exec(line)) { } else if (this.isCompletedTaskLine(line)) {
result.push(this.resetTaskLine(line)); result.push(this.resetTaskLine(line));
} else { } else {
result.push(line); result.push(line);
@ -243,6 +252,7 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
const newTasks = []; const newTasks = [];
let inCompletedSection = false; let inCompletedSection = false;
let inTask = false; let inTask = false;
let inCallout = false;
let completedItemsIndex = lines.length; let completedItemsIndex = lines.length;
for (let line of lines) { for (let line of lines) {
if (inCompletedSection) { if (inCompletedSection) {
@ -257,17 +267,18 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
completedItemsIndex = remaining.push(line); completedItemsIndex = remaining.push(line);
remaining.push("%%%COMPLETED_ITEMS_GO_HERE%%%"); remaining.push("%%%COMPLETED_ITEMS_GO_HERE%%%");
} else { } else {
const taskMatch = line.match(/^(\s*)- \[(.)\]/);
if (this.isCompletedTaskLine(line)) { if (this.isCompletedTaskLine(line)) {
if (this.settings.completedAreaRemoveCheckbox) { if (this.settings.completedAreaRemoveCheckbox) {
line = this.removeCheckboxFromLine(line); line = this.removeCheckboxFromLine(line);
} }
inTask = true; inTask = true;
inCallout = this.isCallout(line);
newTasks.push(line); newTasks.push(line);
} else if (inTask && !taskMatch && line.match(/^( {2,}|\t)/)) { } else if (inTask && !this.isTaskLine(line) && this.isContinuation(line, inCallout)) {
newTasks.push(line); newTasks.push(line);
} else { } else {
inTask = false; inTask = false;
inCallout = false;
remaining.push(line); remaining.push(line);
} }
} }
@ -284,6 +295,21 @@ var TaskCollector = class {
isIncompleteTaskLine(lineText) { isIncompleteTaskLine(lineText) {
return this.initSettings.incompleteTaskRegExp.test(lineText); return this.initSettings.incompleteTaskRegExp.test(lineText);
} }
isTaskLine(lineText) {
return this.anyTaskMark.test(lineText);
}
isContinuation(lineText, inCallout) {
if (inCallout) {
const match = this.blockQuote.exec(lineText);
if (match) {
return match[1].endsWith(">") || match[1].endsWith(" ") || match[1].endsWith(" ");
}
}
return this.continuation.test(lineText);
}
isCallout(lineText) {
return this.blockQuote.test(lineText);
}
}; };
// src/taskcollector-Settings.ts // src/taskcollector-Settings.ts
@ -300,7 +326,8 @@ var DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
rightClickResetTask: false, rightClickResetTask: false,
rightClickResetAll: false, rightClickResetAll: false,
rightClickToggleAll: false, rightClickToggleAll: false,
completedAreaRemoveCheckbox: false completedAreaRemoveCheckbox: false,
onlyLowercaseX: false
}; };
// src/taskcollector-SettingsTab.ts // src/taskcollector-SettingsTab.ts
@ -315,16 +342,23 @@ var TaskCollectorSettingsTab = class extends import_obsidian2.PluginSettingTab {
this.containerEl.empty(); this.containerEl.empty();
this.containerEl.createEl("h1", { text: "Task Collector" }); this.containerEl.createEl("h1", { text: "Task Collector" });
const tempSettings = Object.assign(this.taskCollector.settings); const tempSettings = Object.assign(this.taskCollector.settings);
new import_obsidian2.Setting(this.containerEl).setName("Only support x for completed tasks").setDesc("Only use 'x' (lower case) to indicate completed tasks.").addToggle((toggle) => toggle.setValue(tempSettings.onlyLowercaseX).onChange((value) => __async(this, null, function* () {
tempSettings.onlyLowercaseX = value;
this.taskCollector.updateSettings(tempSettings);
yield this.plugin.saveSettings();
})));
new import_obsidian2.Setting(this.containerEl).setName("Support canceled tasks").setDesc("Use a - to indicate canceled tasks. Canceled tasks are processed in the same way as completed tasks using options below.").addToggle((toggle) => toggle.setValue(tempSettings.supportCanceledTasks).onChange((value) => __async(this, null, function* () { new import_obsidian2.Setting(this.containerEl).setName("Support canceled tasks").setDesc("Use a - to indicate canceled tasks. Canceled tasks are processed in the same way as completed tasks using options below.").addToggle((toggle) => toggle.setValue(tempSettings.supportCanceledTasks).onChange((value) => __async(this, null, function* () {
tempSettings.supportCanceledTasks = value; tempSettings.supportCanceledTasks = value;
this.taskCollector.updateSettings(tempSettings); this.taskCollector.updateSettings(tempSettings);
yield this.plugin.saveSettings(); yield this.plugin.saveSettings();
}))); })));
new import_obsidian2.Setting(this.containerEl).setName("Additional task types").setDesc("Specify the set of single characters that indicate in-progress or incomplete tasks, e.g. 'i> !?D'.").addText((text) => text.setPlaceholder("> !?").setValue(tempSettings.incompleteTaskValues).onChange((value) => __async(this, null, function* () { new import_obsidian2.Setting(this.containerEl).setName("Additional task types").setDesc("Specify the set of single characters that indicate in-progress or incomplete tasks, e.g. 'i> !?D'.").addText((text) => text.setPlaceholder("> !?").setValue(tempSettings.incompleteTaskValues).onChange((value) => __async(this, null, function* () {
if (value.contains("x") || value.contains("X")) { if (value.contains("x")) {
console.log(`Set of characters should not contain the marker for completed tasks: ${value}`); console.log(`Set of characters should not contain the marker for completed tasks (x): ${value}`);
} else if (!tempSettings.onlyLowercaseX && value.contains("X")) {
console.log(`Set of characters should not contain the marker for canceled tasks (X): ${value}`);
} else if (tempSettings.supportCanceledTasks && value.contains("-")) { } else if (tempSettings.supportCanceledTasks && value.contains("-")) {
console.log(`Set of characters should not contain the marker for canceled tasks: ${value}`); console.log(`Set of characters should not contain the marker for canceled tasks (-): ${value}`);
} else { } else {
if (!value.contains(" ")) { if (!value.contains(" ")) {
value = " " + value; value = " " + value;
@ -348,7 +382,7 @@ var TaskCollectorSettingsTab = class extends import_obsidian2.PluginSettingTab {
console.log(`Error parsing specified date format: ${value}`); console.log(`Error parsing specified date format: ${value}`);
} }
}))); })));
new import_obsidian2.Setting(this.containerEl).setName("Remove text in completed task").setDesc("Text matching this regular expression should be removed from the task text. Be careful! Test your expression separately. The global flag, 'g' is used for a per-line match.").addText((text) => text.setPlaceholder(" #(todo|task)").setValue(tempSettings.removeExpression).onChange((value) => __async(this, null, function* () { new import_obsidian2.Setting(this.containerEl).setName("Remove text in completed task").setDesc("Text matching this regular expression should be removed from the task text. Be careful! Test your expression first. The global flag, 'g' is used for a per-line match.").addText((text) => text.setPlaceholder(" #(todo|task)").setValue(tempSettings.removeExpression).onChange((value) => __async(this, null, function* () {
try { try {
this.taskCollector.tryCreateRemoveRegex(value); this.taskCollector.tryCreateRemoveRegex(value);
tempSettings.removeExpression = value; tempSettings.removeExpression = value;
@ -425,7 +459,7 @@ var TaskMarkModal = class extends import_obsidian3.Modal {
} }
onOpen() { onOpen() {
const selector = this.contentEl.createDiv("taskcollector-selector markdown-preview-view"); const selector = this.contentEl.createDiv("taskcollector-selector markdown-preview-view");
const completedTasks = this.taskCollector.settings.supportCanceledTasks ? "xX-" : "xX"; const completedTasks = (this.taskCollector.settings.onlyLowercaseX ? "x" : "xX") + (this.taskCollector.settings.supportCanceledTasks ? "-" : "");
const completedList = selector.createEl("ul"); const completedList = selector.createEl("ul");
completedList.addClass("contains-task-list"); completedList.addClass("contains-task-list");
this.addTaskValues(completedList, completedTasks, true); this.addTaskValues(completedList, completedTasks, true);

4
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-task-collector/manifest.json
Unescape View File

@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
{ {
"id": "obsidian-task-collector", "id": "obsidian-task-collector",
"name": "Task Collector (TC)", "name": "Task Collector (TC)",
"version": "0.7.7", "version": "0.7.8",
"minAppVersion": "0.12.10", "minAppVersion": "0.13.10",
"description": "Manage completed tasks within a document", "description": "Manage completed tasks within a document",
"author": "ebullient", "author": "ebullient",
"authorUrl": "https://github.com/ebullient", "authorUrl": "https://github.com/ebullient",

2
.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-task-collector/styles.css
Unescape View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
#taskcollector-modal .modal .markdown-preview-view ul > li > span { #taskcollector-modal .modal .markdown-preview-view ul > li > span {
font-family: var(--font-monospace); font-family: var(--font-monospace);
} }
#taskcollector-modal .modal .markdown-preview-view ul > li > .task-list-item-checkbox { #taskcollector-modal .modal .markdown-preview-view ul > li.task-list-item .task-list-item-checkbox {
margin-right: 4px; margin-right: 4px;
margin-left: unset; margin-left: unset;
} }

24
.obsidian/workspace
Unescape View File

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
"state": { "state": {
"type": "markdown", "type": "markdown",
"state": { "state": {
"file": "01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md", "file": "05.02 Networks/Server Tools.md",
"mode": "preview", "mode": "preview",
"source": false "source": false
} }
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
"state": { "state": {
"type": "backlink", "type": "backlink",
"state": { "state": {
"file": "01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md", "file": "05.02 Networks/Server Tools.md",
"collapseAll": false, "collapseAll": false,
"extraContext": false, "extraContext": false,
"sortOrder": "alphabetical", "sortOrder": "alphabetical",
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
"state": { "state": {
"type": "outgoing-link", "type": "outgoing-link",
"state": { "state": {
"file": "01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md", "file": "05.02 Networks/Server Tools.md",
"linksCollapsed": false, "linksCollapsed": false,
"unlinkedCollapsed": false "unlinkedCollapsed": false
} }
@ -153,15 +153,15 @@
}, },
"active": "19fe3fd3bef5272b", "active": "19fe3fd3bef5272b",
"lastOpenFiles": [ "lastOpenFiles": [
"05.02 Networks/Server Tools.md",
"05.02 Networks/VPS Console Dialogue.md",
"01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md", "01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-22.md", "00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-23.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-21.md", "00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-24.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-20.md", "00.03 News/What happened to Starbucks How a progressive company lost its way.md",
"00.02 Inbox/Morning Buns.md", "00.03 News/Babies and chicks help solve one of psychology’s oldest puzzles.md",
"00.02 Inbox/Bibimbap.md", "00.03 News/The Miseducation of Maria Montessori.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-19.md", "00.03 News/“The Eye in the Sea” camera observes elusive deep sea animals.md",
"00.03 News/The improbable endless heroism of Volodymyr Zelensky.md", "00.03 News/Jeffrey Epstein, a Rare Cello and an Enduring Mystery.md"
"00.03 News/One Last Trip.md",
"00.03 News/The curse of sliced bread.md"
] ]
} }

6
00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-18.md
Unescape View File

@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ This section does serve for quick memos.
%% ### %% %% ### %%
&emsp; &emsp;
- [ ] 12:49 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: check the Tennis Club at the top of the mountain 📆2022-04-23 - [x] 12:49 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: check the Tennis Club at the top of the mountain 📅 2022-04-23 ✅ 2022-04-23
- [ ] 14:12 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: Find a cleaner 📆2022-04-24 - [ ] 14:12 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: Find a cleaner 📆2022-04-24
- [ ] 14:30 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Alias]], [[Configuring Fail2ban]]: check (imported) nginx filters 📆2022-04-23 - [x] 14:30 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Alias]], [[Configuring Fail2ban]]: check (imported) nginx filters 📅 2022-04-23 ✅ 2022-04-23
- [ ] 17:54 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: Look up the afrench sailing circle 📆2022-04-25 - [x] 17:54 [[2022-04-18|Memo]], [[@Lifestyle]]: Look up the afrench sailing circle 📅 2022-04-25 ✅ 2022-04-23
--- ---

6
00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-22.md
Unescape View File

@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ Stress: 40
FrontHeadBar: 5 FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 45 EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35 BackHeadBar: 35
Water: 0.5 Water: 2.5
Coffee: 2 Coffee: 5
Steps: Steps: 12100
Ski: Ski:
Riding: Riding:
Racket: Racket:

104
00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-23.md
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@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
---
Date: 2022-04-23
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
Sleep: 9.5
Happiness: 90
Gratefulness: 90
Stress: 40
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35
Water: 2
Coffee: 4
Steps: 10714
Ski:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
title: "Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-23
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2022-04-22|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2022-04-24|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2022-04-23Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2022-04-23NSave
&emsp;
# 2022-04-23
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Note Description
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Memos
&emsp;
#### Memos
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% ### %%
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Notes
&emsp;
Loret ipsum
&emsp;
&emsp;

2
00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-24 2nd tour élections présidentielles.md
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@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ date: 2022-04-24
endDate: 2022-04-25 endDate: 2022-04-25
--- ---
2nd tour des élections présidentielles le [[2022-04-24|24 Avril]]. 2nd tour des élections présidentielles le [[2022-04-24|24 Avril]] à [[@@Paris|Paris]].

104
00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-24.md
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@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
---
Date: 2022-04-24
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
Sleep: 8
Happiness: 90
Gratefulness: 90
Stress: 40
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35
Water:
Coffee:
Steps:
Ski:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
title: "Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-24
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2022-04-23|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2022-04-25|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2022-04-24Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2022-04-24NSave
&emsp;
# 2022-04-24
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Note Description
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Memos
&emsp;
#### Memos
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% ### %%
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Notes
&emsp;
Loret ipsum
&emsp;
&emsp;

2
00.03 News/Babies and chicks help solve one of psychology’s oldest puzzles.md
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ CollapseMetaTable: Yes
--- ---
Parent:: [[@News|News]] Parent:: [[@News|News]]
Read:: No Read:: [[2022-04-23]]
--- ---

208
00.03 News/Jeffrey Epstein, a Rare Cello and an Enduring Mystery.md
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@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
---
Alias: [""]
Tag: ["Society", "Crime", "Epstein"]
Date: 2022-04-23
DocType: "WebClipping"
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp: 2022-04-23
Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/22/business/jeffrey-epstein-william-derosa.html
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
---
Parent:: [[@News|News]]
Read:: No
---
&emsp;
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-JeffreyEpsteinaRareCelloandanEnduringMysteryNSave
&emsp;
# Jeffrey Epstein, a Rare Cello and an Enduring Mystery
![](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/04/24/business/24epstein-cello-illo/24epstein-cello-illo-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale)
Credit...Joan Wong
The Great Read
A cello’s strange odyssey helps explain how the notorious Mr. Epstein surrounded himself with the world’s richest and most powerful men.
Credit...Joan Wong
- April 22, 2022
When Jeffrey Epstein died in jail in 2019, he took many secrets with him. One was how a sexual predator and college dropout managed to forge bonds with an astonishing number of the world’s richest and most powerful men, like Britain’s Prince Andrew and the crown prince of Saudi Arabia.
Another was why Mr. Epstein owned a rare Italian cello. It was the only nonfinancial asset listed on his foundation’s annual tax forms, described simply as “cello” and carried on the books at a value of $165,676.
Mr. Epstein had never played the cello or shown any interest in musical instruments as an investment.
The first mystery is large, and it is still being untangled by lawyers, victims and journalists. The second is seemingly small, contained to the rarefied world of fine string instruments. But the two mysteries are connected. And the cello’s strange journey into and out of Mr. Epstein’s possession offers a window into the notorious criminal’s life and legacy.
Mr. Epstein’s Manhattan mansion was filled with curiosities. There was a portrait of Bill Clinton in a blue dress, a stuffed giraffe, prosthetic breasts in the master bathroom.
But more than objects, Mr. Epstein collected people. Over the years he cultivated leaders in the fields of business, finance, politics, science, mathematics, academia, music, even yoga. He often cemented the relationships with introductions to others in his orbit, donations to causes they supported or other gifts and favors.
That is where the cello came in.
## False Claims and Accordion Lessons
As a child growing up in Brooklyn, Mr. Epstein and his younger brother, Mark, showed an aptitude for music. Both began lessons on the saxophone, then switched to more difficult double-reed instruments. Jeffrey played the bassoon, Mark the oboe, both in high demand in orchestras and other ensembles. It was as a bassoonist that Jeffrey earned a scholarship in 1967 to Interlochen, the prestigious summer music camp nestled in the woods of northern Michigan. When his mother visited him that summer, he asked her to bring bagels.
As an adult, Mr. Epstein falsely claimed to have had a budding career as a concert pianist. And he claimed to have begun piano lessons at age 5, which Mark Epstein said in an interview was not true. (He took lessons on the accordion as a young boy.) Mr. Epstein later took piano lessons, but he never achieved more than a high-school level of proficiency.
It was the cello that became a recurring motif in Mr. Epstein’s self-told life story, starting after he and a friend backpacked in Europe in the early 1970s. Among the stories Mr. Epstein later recounted was playing the piano for Jacqueline du Pré, the British cello virtuoso. In Mr. Epstein’s telling, he met Ms. du Pré in 1971 while visiting London. Ms. du Pré enjoyed the patronage of Queen Elizabeth II, and it was through the cellist that Mr. Epstein said he’d gained access to members of the British royal family, forging an especially close friendship with Prince Andrew.
Image
![Mr. Epstein claimed to have met the cellist Jacqueline du Pr&eacute; in London in 1971, and to have accompanied her.](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/04/24/business/00epstein-cello-dupre/merlin_205691529_76398195-11c2-48fc-a017-76317eae1561-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale)
Credit...Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis via Getty Images
The tale was not entirely implausible. Ms. du Pré, who died in 1987, was still performing at the time Mr. Epstein visited London, where he bought a full-length fur coat that he wore for years afterward. But Ms. du Pré hardly needed Mr. Epstein as an accompanist, since, among the world’s countless other professional musicians, she was married to the celebrated pianist Daniel Barenboim.
At Interlochen, to which Mr. Epstein became a significant donor and regular visitor, he met and befriended a 14-year-old cellist, Melissa Solomon, in 1997. According to her account in [a 2019 podcast](https://www.stitcher.com/show/broken-jeffrey-epstein/episode/s1-e4-where-the-strings-are-64497040), he insisted she apply to Juilliard and agreed to pay her tuition there. She said he never attempted to have sex with her (he did get her to massage his feet), but after she declined to attend a party with Prince Andrew, Mr. Epstein cut ties and stopped paying her tuition.
Another Interlochen student, identified only as Jane, testified in the recent trial of Mr. Epstein’s closest associate, Ghislaine Maxwell. Jane said that Mr. Epstein and Ms. Maxwell began grooming her when she was a 13-year-old student at the camp and that Mr. Epstein subsequently raped her, all while promising to advance her career.
## Thanksgiving at the Ranch
In the mid-1990s, Mr. Epstein showed up backstage at the Kravis Center in West Palm Beach, Fla., after a performance by the cellist William DeRosa, a young prodigy who’d made his concert debut with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at age 11. By the time Mr. Epstein saw him, Mr. DeRosa was regarded as one of the world’s best cellists, performing at Carnegie Hall, on television and with leading symphony orchestras.
Image
Credit...Peter Schaaf/ICM Artists
Mr. Epstein’s and Mr. DeRosa’s paths didn’t cross again until around 2004, when Mr. DeRosa began dating a blond model named Kersti Ferguson.
Originally from Savannah, Ga., Ms. Ferguson said in an interview that she met Mr. Epstein through a mutual friend when she was 18. Ms. Ferguson and Mr. Epstein spent time at his Palm Beach estate, where she met Ms. Maxwell. Mr. Epstein invited Ms. Ferguson to his Virgin Islands estate while she was in college, and after she broke up with a boyfriend, Mr. Epstein flew her and her mother to his New Mexico ranch for Thanksgiving. He sometimes called her four times a day. He showed her photos of himself with what he said were his powerful friends, among them former President Bill Clinton, the Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, the Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Mohammed bin Salman, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia.
After she began dating Mr. DeRosa, Mr. Epstein insisted on checking him out. “Be nice,” Mr. DeRosa recalled Mr. Epstein warning him. He seemed fascinated by Mr. DeRosa’s musical talents. He once suggested they play together, but Mr. DeRosa brushed him off. He said he had never heard Mr. Epstein play the piano.
Mr. DeRosa and Mr. Epstein discussed their shared admiration for Ms. du Pré, with whom Mr. DeRosa had spent a summer studying and living. Mr. DeRosa had a collection of every recording Ms. du Pré had released, and he and Mr. Epstein sometimes listened to them together. When Mr. Epstein asked to borrow them, Mr. DeRosa obliged. (He said Mr. Epstein never returned them.)
In 2006, Mr. Epstein [was arrested](https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/03/us/03epstein.html) in Florida after investigators found evidence that he’d been sexually involved with girls. Ms. Ferguson said Mr. Epstein never suggested having sex with her or asked her to recruit other young women. On the contrary, when Ms. Ferguson attempted to hug him, he’d “shrivel up,” she said, as if afraid of catching a disease. And she thought he and Ms. Maxwell were in love, even though Mr. Epstein confided in Ms. Ferguson that he had no intention of marrying.
## Rich and Powerful
Image
Credit...Ruby Washington/The New York Times
For a time after his arrest, Ms. Ferguson didn’t hear from him. Mr. Epstein pleaded guilty to soliciting an underage prostitute and [was sentenced](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/12/us/politics/jeffrey-epstein-justice-department-miami.html) to 13 months in jail, though he was allowed to serve much of that time at home.
Then, in 2010, as Mr. Epstein was trying to reconstitute his orbit of the rich and powerful, he called her. “I need to buy a cello,” Mr. Epstein said abruptly, asking if she would enlist Mr. DeRosa in the search. When Mr. Epstein next spoke to Mr. DeRosa, he explained that he was buying a cello for a young Israeli cellist. “Go find one,” he ordered, then hung up.
At first Mr. DeRosa didn’t take Mr. Epstein’s command seriously. But Mr. Epstein kept calling, as did members of his staff, asking if he’d made any progress. Mr. DeRosa got to work tracking down a cello.
Like many professional musicians, Mr. DeRosa was wired into the small world of rare string instruments, a few of which command prices as high as $20 million. His own cello, made by the Italian master Domenico Montagnana in 1739, is considered one of the world’s finest and is likely worth millions of dollars. Mr. DeRosa assured Mr. Epstein he wouldn’t have to spend that much.
Soon after, Mr. DeRosa was visiting his mother in Los Angeles when he learned of a cello being sold there by a musician who recorded soundtracks for Hollywood studios. (Before that, the cello had been played by a member of the Indianapolis symphony orchestra.)
While not a Stradivarius or a Montagnana, this cello had a distinguished pedigree, and was manufactured by Ettore Soffritti, who worked in the string instrument center of Ferrara, Italy, from the late 1800s until his death in 1928. Benning Violins, the Los Angeles dealer, described the cello’s sound as “rich and powerful” and said the instrument was “suitable for the finest of cellists.”
Mr. DeRosa tried the cello. He was smitten. He said he considered it “one of the greatest modern cellos in existence.” (By “modern” he meant any produced after the Italian Renaissance.) With an asking price of $185,000, he also considered it a bargain.
Mr. Epstein seemed pleased when Mr. DeRosa told him he’d found something. He said the cello’s intended recipient — a young Israeli man named Yoed Nir — had to test the instrument first. Mr. DeRosa knew nearly every up-and-coming cellist, but he had never heard of Mr. Nir.
Mr. DeRosa had the cello on a trial basis, and Mr. Nir tested the instrument on a visit to Mr. DeRosa’s mother’s house in Los Angeles. Mr. Nir, who was about 30 years old and had dark, shoulder-length hair, which he tossed theatrically while playing, played some of Bach’s unaccompanied cello suites. He had clearly had musical training (he was a graduate of the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance), but Mr. DeRosa considered his playing unexceptional by his exacting standards. He could think of many young cellists more deserving of such an instrument. “I thought it incredibly odd that Jeffrey had chosen this guy,” Mr. DeRosa recalled.
Mr. Nir approved of the instrument, and Mr. Epstein had his accountant, Richard Kahn, step in to negotiate the purchase from Benning Violins. Mr. Kahn obtained an appraisal, then bargained down the price to $165,000. (Mr. DeRosa, who felt like his reputation was on the line since he’d initiated the transaction, found this insulting.)
When Mr. Epstein refused to buy an economy class ticket to fly the instrument back to New York — the usual method for transporting a valuable cello — Mr. DeRosa sent him an angry email accusing him of being a cheapskate. “I’m done,” he told Mr. Epstein.
“Why are you so agitated?” Mr. Epstein responded.
## ‘You Can’t Treat Someone Like That’
Weeks later, when Mr. DeRosa was back in New York, Mr. Epstein’s assistant called and said Mr. DeRosa should be at his house the next morning at exactly 7:30 a.m. There, Mr. Epstein gestured toward a large unopened cardboard box. Mr. DeRosa said he opened the package and verified that it was same cello he’d located in Los Angeles.
“Did you make any money on the transaction?” Mr. Epstein asked.
“No,” Mr. DeRosa answered, furious at the insinuation that he’d taken a cut.
Mr. Epstein walked out without further comment. “He showed no interest in the cello,” Mr. DeRosa recalled.
Ms. Ferguson was upset when she heard about the meeting. She called Mr. Epstein and chastised him. “You can’t treat someone like that,” she said. He was unapologetic.
The money to buy the cello came from Mr. Epstein’s foundation, and the purchase was reflected on its 2011 tax return. Mr. Kahn drew up an agreement in which the cello would be lent to Mr. Nir at no cost, according to a person familiar with the arrangement.
Image
Credit...Michelle V. Agins/The New York Times
Not long after, the singer Judy Collins performed at the Café Carlyle. A [positive review](https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/arts/music/17collins.html) in The New York Times mentioned in passing that Ms. Collins had “added a new element, a cellist, Yoed Nir.”
Mr. Epstein and Ms. Ferguson subsequently papered over their disagreement, and she urged Mr. DeRosa to forgive him. When a valuable Stradivarius cello came on the market, Mr. Epstein offered to buy it for Mr. DeRosa’s use. Mr. DeRosa had a unique connection to the instrument, since a foundation had previously owned it and lent it to him early in his career.
So confident was the seller that a deal would come together that Mr. DeRosa took possession of the instrument. But Mr. Epstein balked at the asking price of $14 million, refusing to pay more than $10 million, according to Mr. DeRosa. The deal unraveled, and Mr. DeRosa returned the cello. It later sold for more than the asking price, Mr. DeRosa said.
## Mr. DeRosa Has Regrets
Mr. DeRosa and Ms. Ferguson were shocked in 2019 when Mr. Epstein was arrested and charged with sex trafficking. Ms. Ferguson couldn’t reconcile the allegations with the man she thought she knew. Given his wealth and connections to powerful people, she figured he’d somehow get off the hook. She wrote him a letter in jail offering to visit and bring food. She never got a reply. On Aug. 10, Mr. Epstein [died by suicide](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/10/nyregion/jeffrey-epstein-suicide.html).
Several months later, Mr. DeRosa emailed Mr. Nir to find out what had happened to the Soffritti cello. Mr. Nir said only that he’d returned it. At the Epstein foundation’s request, Mr. Nir had delivered the cello to a New York law firm in October 2019. Its case was broken, and the cello itself had suffered some damage, according to Mr. DeRosa. (Mr. Nir said the case wasn’t broken when he returned it and that the instrument was “in very good playing condition.”) The foundation asked Benning Violins to again market and sell it, and Benning agreed to supply a new case.
Wittingly or not, Mr. Epstein had made a sound investment. This time the price was $220,000 — or 33 percent more than what Mr. Epstein had paid eight years earlier. With the backing of a financial partner whom Mr. DeRosa wouldn’t identify, he took possession of the cello in early 2020, just before the coronavirus pandemic brought an end to live performances.
Like many people in Mr. Epstein’s orbit, Mr. DeRosa now regrets ever getting tangled up with him and wishes he had kept the cello for himself. “I wish I’d never let Jeffrey buy the cello,” Mr. DeRosa said. “I’m not a dealer. I’m a concert cellist. I was always angry at myself that I let it go.”
## Back on the Market
Two years later, the Epstein cello was back on the market.
All of Mr. DeRosa’s performances during the pandemic were canceled. An extra cello was a luxury he could no longer afford.
Julian Hersh, a cellist and co-founder of Darnton & Hersh violins in Chicago, thought the cello might be useful to a company he was starting with Jonathan Koh, a music faculty member at University of California, Berkeley. There Mr. Koh had witnessed Silicon Valley’s fascination with the blockchain, cryptocurrencies and nonfungible tokens. His idea was to market digital images of rare instruments, or fractional shares of them, as N.F.T.s, in some cases along with videos of professional musicians playing the instruments. He and Mr. Hersh reasoned that rare instruments were works of art, and if an N.F.T. for a work by the artist known as Beeple could [sell at Christie’s](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/arts/design/nft-auction-christies-beeple.html) in 2020 for $69 million, why not a token for a rare instrument? Payment would be exclusively in cryptocurrency, adding to the allure for a new generation of investors.
Image
Credit...Peter Prato for The New York Times
Mr. Hersh wasn’t deterred by the cello’s provenance. “Jeffrey was horrible,” he said. “No question about it.” But there was a clear title — in other words, there was no dispute over the cello’s ownership — which was what really mattered to investors.
Mr. Hersh and Mr. Koh launched their new venture, called Musikhaus, in January. They described its mission as “bridging the worlds of classical music with the rapidly evolving world of nonfungible tokens” to “make timeless digital collectibles.” Among the first offerings was the Epstein cello.
The listing came just days after [Ms. Maxwell’s conviction](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/29/nyregion/ghislaine-maxwell-guilty-verdict.html) for sex trafficking and conspiracy, which thrust the Epstein saga back into the news. Dealers and collectors grimaced at what seemed an attempt to capitalize on Mr. Epstein’s notoriety. “The timing was terrible,” Mr. Hersh acknowledged. The Epstein connection “was just too hot. I blame myself.”
At first Mr. Hersh removed the reference to Mr. Epstein from the cello’s description, but he then decided the provenance shouldn’t be concealed. He removed the listing from their website altogether. He hopes to re-list the Soffritti N.F.T. in the future. “So what if Jeffrey owned it?” Mr. Hersh said. “It’s still one of the best 20th-century cellos in the world.”
## A Clue at the Cafe
The mystery persists: Why had Mr. Epstein bought the cello in the first place? What was his connection to Mr. Nir?
An important clue emerged at the 2011 Judy Collins concert at the Café Carlyle. Ms. Collins’s longtime musical arranger and pianist, Russell Walden, recalled that one thing about the evening stuck in his memory. At the cafe, he met Mr. Nir’s wife, Anat. Mr. Nir mentioned that she was the daughter of Mr. Barak, the former Israeli prime minister.
There are hardly any public references to Mr. Barak’s children. Reached recently in Tel Aviv, he confirmed that Yoed and Anat Nir are his son-in-law and daughter.
Image
Credit...Corinna Kern/Reuters
Mr. Barak — who was prime minister from 1999 to 2001 and later served in other high-ranking government jobs — said that another former prime minister, Shimon Peres, introduced him to Mr. Epstein in 2003. Mr. Barak has said that he and Mr. Epstein met dozens of times but he “never took part in any party or event with women or anything like that.”
Over the years Mr. Epstein wooed Mr. Barak by, among other things, [investing $1 million](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/16/world/middleeast/epstein-israel-barak-ehud.html) in a limited partnership established by Mr. Barak in 2015.
He said he introduced Mr. Epstein to Mr. Nir in 2010 or 2011, though he didn’t know that Mr. Epstein subsequently lent Mr. Nir the cello. Therefore, Mr. Barak said, it “could not be true” that Mr. Epstein used the cello loan to curry favor. A more likely explanation, he said, “is that Mr. Epstein did it based on the reputation of Yoed as an extremely gifted cellist.” (Asked if he’d ever told his father-in-law about the loan, Mr. Nir declined to answer.)
Nonetheless, the loan of a $165,000 cello was the kind of favor that Mr. Epstein might only have made known when he wanted something in return. After all, not just anybody had the resources and connections to source an extraordinary cello for the relative of a powerful political leader — just the type of person that Mr. Epstein had a knack for keeping close.
Ronen Bergman contributed reporting. Susan Beachy contributed research.
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# The Man Behind Ethereum Is Worried About Crypto's Future
In a few minutes, electronic music will start pulsing, stuffed animals will be flung through the air, women will emerge spinning Technicolor hula hoops, and a mechanical bull will rev into action, bucking off one delighted rider after another. It’s the closing party of ETHDenver, a weeklong cryptocurrency conference [dedicated to the blockchain Ethereum](https://time.com/6147486/ethereum-book-cryptopians/). Lines have stretched around the block for days. Now, on this Sunday night in February, the giddy energy is peaking.
But as the crowd pushes inside, a wiry man with elfin features is sprinting out of the venue, past astonished selfie takers and venture capitalists. Some call out, imploring him to stay; others even chase him down the street, on foot and on scooters. Yet the man outruns them all, disappearing into the privacy of his hotel lobby, alone.
Vitalik Buterin, the most influential person in crypto, didn’t come to Denver to party. He doesn’t drink or particularly enjoy crowds. Not that there isn’t plenty for the 28-year-old creator of Ethereum to celebrate. Nine years ago, Buterin dreamed up Ethereum as a way to leverage the blockchain technology underlying Bitcoin for all sorts of uses beyond currency. Since then, it has emerged as the bedrock layer of what advocates say will be a new, [open-source, decentralized internet](https://time.com/6150884/ukraine-russia-attack-open-source-intelligence/). Ether, the platform’s native currency, has become the second biggest cryptocurrency behind Bitcoin, powering a trillion-dollar ecosystem that [rivals Visa](https://stark.mirror.xyz/q3OnsK7mvfGtTQ72nfoxLyEV5lfYOqUfJIoKBx7BG1I) in terms of the money it moves. Ethereum has brought thousands of unbanked people around the world into financial systems, allowed capital to flow unencumbered across borders, and provided the infrastructure for entrepreneurs to build all sorts of new products, from payment systems to prediction markets, digital swap meets to medical-research hubs.
![](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/TIM220328_Buterin.Cover_.FINAL2_.jpg)
Photograph by Benjamin Rasmussen for TIME
But even as crypto has soared in value and volume, Buterin has watched the world he created evolve with a mixture of pride and dread. Ethereum has made a handful of white men unfathomably rich, pumped [pollutants into the air](https://time.com/6120237/nfts-environmental-impact/), and emerged as a vehicle for tax evasion, [money laundering,](https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-60072195) and mind-boggling scams. “Crypto itself has a lot of dystopian potential if implemented wrong,” the Russian-born Canadian explains the morning after the party in an 80-minute interview in his hotel room.
Buterin worries about the dangers to overeager investors, the soaring transaction fees, and the shameless displays of wealth that have come to dominate [public perception of crypto](https://time.com/6120237/nfts-environmental-impact/). “The peril is you have these $3 million monkeys and it becomes a different kind of gambling,” he says, referring to the Bored Ape Yacht Club, an überpopular NFT collection of garish primate cartoons that has become a digital-age status symbol for millionaires including [Jimmy Fallon and Paris Hilton](https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2022-01-26/jimmy-fallon-nft-ape-nbc), and which have traded for more than $1 million a pop. “There definitely are lots of people that are just buying yachts and [Lambos](https://digiday.com/marketing/lambo-lamborghini-became-status-brand-crypto-boom/).”
**Read More:** *[Politicians Show Their Increasing Interest In Crypto at ETHDenver 2022](https://time.com/6150430/ethdenver-2022-recap/)*
Buterin hopes Ethereum will become the launchpad for all sorts of sociopolitical experimentation: fairer voting systems, urban planning, universal basic income, public-works projects. Above all, he wants the platform to be a counterweight to authoritarian governments and to upend Silicon Valley’s stranglehold over our digital lives. But he acknowledges that his vision for the transformative power of Ethereum is at risk of being overtaken by greed. And so he has reluctantly begun to take on a bigger public role in shaping its future. “If we don’t exercise our voice, the only things that get built are the things that are immediately profitable,” he says, reedy voice rising and falling as he fidgets his hands and sticks his toes between the cushions of a lumpy gray couch. “And those are often far from what’s actually the best for the world.”
The irony is that despite all of Buterin’s cachet, he may not have the ability to prevent Ethereum from veering off course. That’s because he designed it as a decentralized platform, responsive not only to his own vision but also to the will of its builders, investors, and ever sprawling community. Buterin is not the formal leader of Ethereum. And he fundamentally rejects the idea that anyone should hold unilateral power over its future.
![](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/vitalik-buterin-ethereum-ethdenver-keynote.jpg)
Buterin dons Shiba Inu pajama pants onstage at ETHDenver
Benjamin Rasmussen for TIME
Which has left Buterin reliant on the limited tools of soft power: writing blog posts, giving interviews, conducting research, speaking at conferences where many attendees just want to bask in the glow of their newfound riches. “I’ve been yelling a lot, and sometimes that yelling does feel like howling into the wind,” he says, his eyes darting across the room. Whether or not his approach works (and how much sway Buterin has over his own brainchild) may be the difference between a future in which Ethereum becomes the basis of a new era of digital life, and one in which it’s just another instrument of financial speculation—credit-default swaps with a utopian patina.
**Three days after** the music stops at ETHDenver, Buterin’s attention turns across the world, back to the region where he was born. In the war launched by Russian President Vladimir Putin, cryptocurrency almost immediately became a tool of Ukrainian resistance. [More than $100 million](https://time.com/6153320/crypto-ukraine-charity/) in crypto was raised in the invasion’s first three weeks for the Ukrainian government and NGOs. Cryptocurrency has also provided a lifeline for some fleeing Ukrainians whose banks are inaccessible. At the same time, regulators worry that it will be used by Russian oligarchs to evade sanctions.
Buterin has sprung into action too, matching hundreds of thousands of dollars in grants toward relief efforts and publicly lambasting Putin’s decision to invade. “One silver lining of the situation in the last three weeks is that it has reminded a lot of people in the crypto space that ultimately the goal of crypto is not to play games with million-dollar pictures of monkeys, it’s to do things that accomplish meaningful effects in the real world,” Buterin wrote in an email to TIME on March 14**.**
His outspoken advocacy marks a change for a leader who has been slow to find his political voice. “One of the decisions I made in 2022 is to try to be more risk-taking and less neutral,” Buterin says. “I would rather Ethereum offend some people than turn into something that stands for nothing.”
The war is personal to Buterin, who has both Russian and Ukrainian ancestry. He was born outside Moscow in 1994 to two computer scientists, Dmitry Buterin and Natalia Ameline, a few years after the fall of the Soviet Union. Monetary and social systems had collapsed; his mother’s parents lost their life savings [amid rising inflation](https://time.com/6152697/inflation-democrats-midterm-elections-2022/). “Growing up in the USSR, I didn’t realize most of the stuff I’d been told in school that was good, like communism, was all propaganda,” explains Dmitry. “So I wanted Vitalik to question conventions and beliefs, and he grew up very independent as a thinker.”
The family initially lived in a university dorm room with a shared bathroom. There were no disposable diapers available, so his parents washed his by hand. Vitalik grew up with a turbulent, teeming mind. Dmitry says Vitalik learned how to read before he could sleep through the night, and was slow to form sentences compared with his peers. “Because his mind was going so fast,” Dmitry recalls, “it was actually hard for him to express himself verbally for some time.”
Instead, Vitalik gravitated to the clarity of numbers. At 4, he inherited his parents’ old IBM computer and started playing around with Excel spreadsheets. At 7, he could recite more than a hundred digits of pi, and would shout out math equations to pass the time. By 12, he was coding inside Microsoft Office Suite. The precocious child’s isolation from his peers had been exacerbated by a move to Toronto in 2000, the same year Putin was first elected. His father characterizes Vitalik’s Canadian upbringing as “lucky and naive.” Vitalik himself uses the words “lonely and disconnected.”
![](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/vitalik-buterin-ethereum-childhood-ibm.jpg)
Buterin on his IBM
Courtesy Dmitry Buterin
In 2011, Dmitry introduced Vitalik to Bitcoin, which had been created in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. After seeing the collapse of financial systems in both Russia and the U.S., Dmitry was intrigued by the idea of an alternative global money source that was uncontrolled by authorities. Vitalik soon began writing articles exploring the new technology for the magazine Bitcoin Weekly, for which he earned 5 bitcoins a pop (back then, some $4; today, it would be worth about $200,000).
Even as a teenager, Vitalik Buterin proved to be a pithy writer, able to articulate complex ideas about cryptocurrency and its underlying technology in clear prose. At 18, he co-founded *Bitcoin Magazine* and became its lead writer, earning a following both in Toronto and abroad. “A lot of people think of him as a typical techie engineer,” says Nathan Schneider, a media-studies professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who first interviewed Buterin in 2014. “But a core of his practice even more so is observation and writing—and that helped him see a cohesive vision that others weren’t seeing yet.”
As Buterin learned more about the blockchain technology on which Bitcoin was built, he began to believe using it purely for currency was a waste. The blockchain, he thought, could serve as an efficient method for securing all sorts of assets: web applications, organizations, financial derivatives, nonpredatory loan programs, even wills. Each of these could be operated by “smart contracts,” code that could be programmed to carry out transactions without the need for intermediaries. A decentralized version of the rideshare industry, for example, could be built to send money directly from passengers to drivers, without Uber swiping a cut of the proceeds.
*Read the rest of Buterin’s interview in TIME’s newsletter Into the Metaverse.* [*Subscribe for a weekly guide to the future of the Internet.*](https://time.com/newsletters/?newsletter_name=metaverse&source=meta_onsite) *You can find* [*past issues of the newsletter here*](https://time.com/tag/into-the-metaverse/)*.*
In 2013, Buterin dropped out of college and wrote a 36-page white paper laying out his vision for Ethereum: a new open-source blockchain on which programmers could build any sort of application they wished. (Buterin swiped the name from a Wikipedia list of elements from science fiction.) He sent it to friends in the Bitcoin community, who passed it around. Soon a handful of programmers and businessmen around the world sought out Buterin in hopes of helping him bring it to life. Within months, a group of eight men who would become known as Ethereum’s founders were sharing a three-story Airbnb in Switzerland, writing code and [wooing investors](https://time.com/6140467/metaverse-real-estate/).
While some of the other founders mixed work and play—watching *Game of Thrones,* persuading friends to bring over beer in exchange for Ether IOUs—Buterin mostly kept to himself, coding away on his laptop, according to Laura Shin’s [recent book about the history of Ethereum, *The Cryptopians*](https://time.com/6147486/ethereum-book-cryptopians/). Over time, it became apparent that the group had very different plans for the nascent technology. Buterin wanted a decentralized open platform on which anyone could build anything. Others wanted to use the technology to create a business. One idea was to build the crypto equivalent to Google, in which Ethereum would use customer data to sell targeted ads. The men also squabbled over power and titles. One co-founder, Charles Hoskinson, appointed himself CEO—a designation that was of no interest to Buterin, who joked his title would be C-3PO, after the droid from *Star Wars.*
The ensuing conflicts left Buterin with culture shock. In the space of a few months, he had gone from a cloistered life of writing code and technical articles to a that of a decisionmaker grappling with bloated egos and power struggles. His vision for Ethereum hung in the balance. “The biggest divide was definitely that a lot of these people cared about making money. For me, that was totally not my goal,” says Buterin, whose net worth is at least $800 million, according to public records on the blockchain whose accuracy was confirmed by a spokesperson. “There were even times at the beginning where I was negotiating down the percentages of the Ether distribution that both myself and the other top-level founders would get, in order to be more egalitarian. That did make them upset.”
![](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/WETHEREUM-graphic.jpg)
Buterin says the other founders tried to take advantage of his naiveté to push through their own ideas about how Ethereum should run. “People used my fear of regulators against me,” he recalls, “saying that we should have a for-profit entity because it’s so much simpler legally than making a nonprofit.” As tensions rose, the group implored Buterin to make a decision. In June 2014, he asked Hoskinson and Amir Chetrit, two co-founders who were pushing Ethereum to become a business, to leave the group. He then set in motion the creation of the Ethereum Foundation (EF), a nonprofit established to safeguard Ethereum’s infrastructure and fund research and development projects.
One by one, all the other founders peeled off over the next few years to pursue their own projects, either in tandem with Ethereum or as direct competitors. Some of them remain critical of Buterin’s approach. “In the dichotomy between centralization and anarchy, Ethereum seems to be going toward anarchy,” says Hoskinson, who now leads his own blockchain, Cardano. “We think there’s a middle ground to create some sort of blockchain-based governance system.”
With the founders splintered, Buterin emerged as Ethereum’s philosophical leader. He had a seat on the EF board and the clout to shape industry trends and move markets with his public pronouncements. He even became known as “V God” in China. But he didn’t exactly step into the power vacuum. “He’s not good at bossing people around,” says Aya Miyaguchi, the executive director of the EF. “From a social-navigation perspective, he was immature. He’s probably still conflict-averse,” says Danny Ryan, a lead researcher at the EF. Buterin calls his struggle to inhabit the role of an organizational leader “my curse for the first few years at Ethereum.”
It’s not hard to see why. Buterin still does not present stereotypical leadership qualities when you meet him. He sniffles and stutters through his sentences, walks stiffly, and struggles to hold eye contact. He puts almost no effort into his clothing, mostly wearing Uniqlo tees or garments gifted to him by friends. His disheveled appearance has made him an easy target on social media: he [recently shared insults](https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin/status/1481737116514017282) from online hecklers who said he looked like a “Bond villain” or an “alien crackhead.”
Yet almost everyone who has a full conversation with Buterin comes away starry-eyed. Buterin is wryly funny and almost wholly devoid of pretension or ego. He’s an unabashed geek whose eyes spark when he alights upon one of his favorite concepts, whether it be quadratic voting or the governance system futarchy. Just as Ethereum is designed to be an everything machine, Buterin is an everything thinker, fluent in disciplines ranging from sociological theory to advanced calculus to [land-tax history.](https://vitalik.ca/general/2018/04/20/radical_markets.html) (He’s currently using Duolingo to learn his fifth and sixth languages.) He doesn’t talk down to people, and he eschews a security detail. “An emotional part of me says that once you start going down that way, *professionalizing* is just another word for losing your soul,” he says.
![](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/vitalik-buterin-ethereum-ethdenver-conference.jpg)
Buterin, seen through a monitor at ETHDenver
Benjamin Rasmussen for TIME
Alexis Ohanian, the co-founder of Reddit and a major crypto investor, says being around Buterin gives him “a similar vibe to when I first got to know Sir Tim Berners-Lee,” the inventor of the World Wide Web. “He’s very thoughtful and unassuming,” Ohanian says, “and he’s giving the world some of the most powerful Legos it’s ever seen.”
For years, Buterin has been grappling with how much power to exercise in Ethereum’s decentralized ecosystem. The first major test came in 2016, when a newly created Ethereum-based fundraising body called the DAO was hacked for $60 million, which amounted at the time to more than 4% of all Ether in circulation. The hack tested the [crypto community’s values](https://time.com/6144332/the-problem-with-nfts-video/): if they truly believed no central authority should override the code governing smart contracts, then thousands of investors would simply have to eat the loss—which could, in turn, encourage more hackers. On the other hand, if Buterin chose to reverse the hack using a maneuver called a hard fork, he would be wielding the same kind of central authority as the financial systems he sought to replace.
Buterin took a middle ground. He consulted with other Ethereum leaders, wrote blog posts advocating for the hard fork, and watched as the community voted overwhelmingly in favor of that option via forums and petitions. When Ethereum developers created the fork, users and miners had the option to stick with the hacked version of the blockchain. But they overwhelmingly chose the forked version, and Ethereum quickly recovered in value.
To Buterin, the DAO hack epitomized the promise of a decentralized approach to governance. “Leadership has to rely much more on soft power and less on hard power, so leaders have to actually take into account the feelings of the community and treat them with respect,” he says. “Leadership positions aren’t fixed, so if leaders stop performing, the world forgets about them. And the converse is that it’s very easy for new leaders to rise up.”
**Over the past few years,** countless leaders have risen up in Ethereum, building all kinds of products, tokens, and subcultures. There was the ICO boom of 2017, in which venture capitalists raised billions of dollars for blockchain projects. There was DeFi summer in 2020, in which new trading mechanisms and derivative structures sent money whizzing around the world at hyperspeed. And there was last year’s explosion of NFTs: tradeable digital goods, like profile pictures, art collections, and sports cards, that skyrocketed in value.
Skeptics have derided the utility of NFTs, in which billion-dollar economies have been built upon the perceived digital ownership of simple images that can easily be copied and pasted. But they have rapidly become one of the most utilized components of the Ethereum ecosystem. In January, the NFT trading platform OpenSea hit a record $5 billion in monthly sales.
![](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/vitalik-buterin-ethereum-ethdenver-conference-crowd.jpg)
Conference­goers line up to ask Buterin questions after his keynote
Benjamin Rasmussen for TIME
Buterin didn’t predict [the rise of NFTs,](https://time.com/5947911/nft-environmental-toll/) and has watched the phenomenon with a mixture of interest and anxiety. On one hand, they have helped to turbocharge the price of Ether, which has increased more than tenfold in value over the past two years. (Disclosure: I own less than $1,300 worth of Ether, which I purchased in 2021.) But their volume has overwhelmed the network, leading to a steep rise in congestion fees, in which, for instance, bidders trying to secure a rare NFT pay hundreds of dollars extra to make sure their transactions are expedited.
**Read More:** *[NFT Art Collectors Are Playing a Risky Game—And Winning](https://time.com/6126878/nft-art-collectors/)*
The fees have undermined some of Buterin’s favorite projects on the blockchain. Take [Proof of Humanity](https://time.com/6142810/proof-of-humanity/), which awards a universal basic income—currently about $40 per month**—**to anyone who signs up. Depending on the week, the network’s congestion fees can make pulling money out of your wallet to pay for basic needs prohibitively expensive. “With fees being the way they are today,” Buterin says, “it really gets to the point where the financial derivatives and the gambley stuff start pricing out some of the cool stuff.”
Inequities have crept into crypto in other ways, including a stark lack of gender and racial diversity. “It hasn’t been among the things I’ve put a lot of intellectual effort into,” Buterin admits of gender parity. “The ecosystem does need to improve there.” He’s scornful of the dominance of coin voting, a voting process for DAOs that Buterin feels is just a new version of plutocracy, one in which wealthy venture capitalists can make self-interested decisions with little resistance. “It’s become a de facto standard, which is a dystopia I’ve been seeing unfolding over the last few years,” he says.
These problems have sparked a backlash both inside and outside the blockchain community. [As crypto rockets](https://time.com/6111700/ether-ethereum-record-high/) toward the mainstream, its esoteric jargon, idiosyncratic culture, and financial excesses have been met with widespread disdain. Meanwhile, frustrated users are decamping to newer blockchains like Solana and BNB Chain, driven by the prospect of lower transaction fees, alternative building tools, or different philosophical values.
Buterin understands why people are moving away from Ethereum. Unlike virtually any other leader in a trillion-dollar industry, he says he’s fine with it—especially given that Ethereum’s current problems stem from the fact that it has too many users. (Losing immense riches doesn’t faze him much, either: last year, he [dumped $6 billion worth of Shiba Inu tokens](https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2021/05/17/vitalik-buterin-burns-6b-in-shib-tokens-says-he-doesnt-want-the-power/) that were gifted to him, explaining that he wanted to give some to charity, help maintain the meme coin’s value, and surrender his role as a “locus of power.”)
In the meantime, he and the EF—which holds almost a billion dollars worth of Ether in reserve, a representative confirmed—are taking several approaches to improve the ecosystem. Last year, they handed out $27 million to Ethereum-based projects, up from $7.7 million in 2019, to recipients including smart-contract developers and an educational conference in Lagos.
The EF research team is also working on two crucial technical updates. The first is known as the “merge,” which converts Ethereum from Proof of Work, a form of blockchain verification, to Proof of Stake, which the EF says will reduce Ethereum’s energy usage by [more than 99%](https://blog.ethereum.org/2021/05/18/country-power-no-more/) and make the network more secure. Buterin has been stumping for Proof of Stake since Ethereum’s founding, but repeated delays have turned implementation into a *Waiting for Godot*–style drama. At ETHDenver, the EF researcher Danny Ryan declared that the merge would happen within the next six months, unless “something insanely catastrophic” happens. The same day, Buterin encouraged companies worried about the environmental impact to delay using Ethereum until the merge is completed—even if it “gets delayed until 2025.”
![](https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/vitalik-buterin-ethereum-ethdenver-nft-gallery.jpg)
ETHDenver attendee Brent Burdick checks his phone in an NFT gallery room
Benjamin Rasmussen for TIME
In January, Moxie Marlinspike, co-founder of the messaging app Signal, wrote a [widely read critique](https://moxie.org/2022/01/07/web3-first-impressions.html) noting that despite its collectivist mantras, so-called web3 was already coalescing around centralized platforms. As he often does when faced with legitimate criticism, Buterin responded with a [thoughtful, detailed post](https://np.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/ryk3it/my_first_impressions_of_web3/hrrz15r/) on Reddit. “The properly authenticated decentralized blockchain world is coming, and is much closer to being here than many people think,” he wrote. “I see no technical reason why the future needs to look like the status quo today.”
Buterin is aware that crypto’s utopian promises sound stale to many, and calls the race to implement sharding in the face of competition a “ticking time bomb.” “If we don’t have sharding fast enough, then people might just start migrating to more centralized solutions,” he says. “And if after all that stuff happens and it still centralizes, then yes, there’s a much stronger argument that there’s a big problem.”
**As the technical kinks** get worked out, Buterin has turned his attention toward larger sociopolitical issues he thinks the [blockchain might solve](https://time.com/6142810/proof-of-humanity/). On his blog and on Twitter, you’ll find treatises on [housing](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/12/19/bullveto.html); on [voting systems](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/05/25/voting2.html); on the best way to distribute [public goods](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html); on [city building](https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/10/31/cities.html) and longevity research. While Buterin spent much of the pandemic living in Singapore, he increasingly lives as a digital nomad, writing dispatches from the road.
Those who know Buterin well have noticed a philosophical shift over the years. “He’s gone on a journey from being more sympathetic to anarcho-capitalist thinking to Georgist-type thinking,” says Glen Weyl, an economist who is one of his close collaborators, referring to a theory that holds the value of the commons should belong equally to all members of society. One of Buterin’s recent posts calls for the creation of a new type of NFT, based not on monetary value but on participation and identity. For instance, the allocation of votes in an organization might be determined by the commitment an individual has shown to the group, as opposed to the number of tokens they own. “NFTs can represent much more of who you are and not just what you can afford,” he [writes](https://vitalik.ca/general/2022/01/26/soulbound.html).
**Read More:** *[How Crypto Investors Are Handling Plunging Prices](https://time.com/6141028/crypto-crash-investors/)*
While Buterin’s blog is one of his main tools of public persuasion, his posts aren’t meant to be decrees, but rather intellectual explorations that invite debate. Buterin often dissects the flaws of obscure ideas he once wrote effusively about, like Harberger taxes. His blog is a model for how a leader can work through complex ideas with transparency and rigor, exposing the messy process of intellectual growth for all to see, and perhaps learn from.
Some of Buterin’s more radical ideas can provoke alarm. In January, he caused a minor outrage on Twitter by [advocating for synthetic wombs](https://twitter.com/vitalikbuterin/status/1483491180906045440?lang=en), which he argued could reduce the pay gap between men and women. He predicts there’s a decent chance someone born today will live to be 3,000, and takes the anti-diabetes medication Metformin in the hope of slowing his body’s aging, despite [mixed studies](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/19/well/move/an-anti-aging-pill-think-twice.html) on the drug’s efficacy.
[*Subscribe to TIME’s newsletter* *Into the Metaverse* *for a weekly guide to the future of the Internet.*](https://time.com/newsletters/?newsletter_name=metaverse&source=meta_onsite) *You can find* [*past issues of the newsletter here*](https://time.com/tag/into-the-metaverse/)*.*
As governmental bodies prepare to wade into crypto—in March, [President Biden signed an Executive Order](https://time.com/6156247/biden-crypto-executive-order/) seeking a federal plan for regulating digital assets—Buterin has increasingly been sought out by politicians. At ETHDenver, he held a private conversation with Colorado Governor Jared Polis, a Democrat who supports cryptocurrencies. Buterin is anxious about crypto’s political valence in the U.S., where Republicans have generally been more eager to embrace it. “There’s definitely signs that are making it seem like crypto is on the verge of becoming a right-leaning thing,” Buterin says. “If it does happen, we’ll sacrifice a lot of the potential it has to offer.”
To Buterin, the worst-case scenario for the future of crypto is that blockchain technology ends up concentrated in the hands of dictatorial governments. He is unhappy with [El Salvador’s rollout of Bitcoin](https://time.com/6103299/bitcoin-el-salvador-nayib-bukele/) as legal tender, which has been riddled with identity theft and volatility. The prospect of governments using the technology to crack down on dissent is one reason Buterin is adamant about crypto remaining decentralized. He sees the technology as the most powerful equalizer to surveillance technology deployed by governments (like China’s) and powerful companies (like Meta) alike.
If Mark Zuckerberg shouldn’t have the power to make epoch-changing decisions or control users’ data for profit, Buterin believes, then neither should he—even if that limits his ability to shape the future of his creation, sends some people to other blockchains, or allows others to use his platform in unsavory ways. “I would love to have an ecosystem that has lots of good crazy and bad crazy,” Buterin says. “Bad crazy is when there’s just huge amounts of money being drained and all it’s doing is subsidizing the hacker industry. Good crazy is when there’s tech work and research and development and public goods coming out of the other end. So there’s this battle. And we have to be intentional, and make sure more of the right things happen.”
*—With reporting by Nik Popli and Mariah Espada/Washington*
More Must-Read Stories From TIME
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- Moldovans Fear They’ll Be Putin’s Next Target. [**Their Prime Minister Is Preparing**](https://time.com/6156227/moldova-russia-ukraine-natalia-gavrilita/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220316) for the Worst
- This Is Why [**We’re Still Struggling With Anti-AAPI Hate**](https://time.com/6157617/atlanta-shootings-why-were-still-struggling-with-anti-aapi-hate/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220316) One Year After Atlanta Shootings
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- Evan Rachel Wood, Marilyn Manson and [**the Stories We Tell Ourselves About Iconoclastic Rock Stars**](https://time.com/6157354/phoenix-rising-evan-rachel-wood-marilyn-manson/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220316)
- After Fleeing Ukraine, [**LGBTQ Refugees Search for Safety**](https://time.com/6156672/lgbtq-ukraine-refugees-russia/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220316) in Countries Hostile to Their Rights
- A [**Haitian Man's Brutal Experience With U.S. Border Agents**](https://time.com/6144970/mirard-joseph-haitian-migrants-del-rio-border/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220316) Sparked Outrage. Now He's Telling His Story
- 'It’s Our Home Turf.' [**The Man On Ukraine's Digital Frontline**](https://time.com/6157308/its-our-home-turf-the-man-on-ukraines-digital-frontline/?utm_source=roundup&utm_campaign=20220316)
**Contact us** at [letters@time.com](mailto:letters@time.com?subject=(READER%20FEEDBACK)%20The%20Man%20Behind%20Ethereum%20Is%20Worried%20About%20Crypto's%20Future&body=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6158182%2Fvitalik-buterin-ethereum-profile%2F).
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# “The Eye in the Sea” camera observes elusive deep sea animals
Marine biologist Edith Widder loves the ocean, but there is one thing she envies about her colleagues who study life on land.
On land, if scientists want to observe animals in their natural habitat, undisturbed, they can set up special concealment spots, or “blinds,” that hide their presence from their subjects. Undisturbed, animals will reveal amazing secrets: mating rituals, hunting habits, or special behaviors that help them avoid predators. But for a long time, Widder couldn’t conceal herself enough to glean these kinds of details from underwater research subjects.
“We’re just so obtrusive,” Widder says, when she describes the options that are most readily available to a marine biologist, like observing sea creatures aboard a submarine. “When we go down there with our big, noisy thrusters and bright white lights.” She says the fish and other animals are disturbed by the noise and the vibrations, so even if they don’t swim away, they won’t necessarily act naturally. And so, Widder suspected that there were lots of great scientific insights and lessons of natural history, all being left unlearned.
Studying fish in labs is also not a perfect solution. Over the course of her decades-long career, when Widder captured animals from the deep ocean and brought them into laboratory aquariums for study, the ocean animals would sometimes start behaving weirdly. Animals that might normally swim around would just float at the top of tanks and generally act like they were in a glass cage, thousands of miles away from home.
![](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/q3j0eFI5f_BkBeNayiCE8k6ths4=/0x0:2220x3000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2220x3000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23387721/Edie_in_Wasp__1_A.JPEG)
Ocean biologist Edith Widder, early in her career as a marine explorer, in a diving suit known as a WASP.
Courtesy of Edith Widder
“It just leaves you with so many questions when you see an animal like this,” Widder says. “And how can we ever know these things?”
This was why Widder wanted the chance to observe ocean animals like the [gulper eel](https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2019/12/09/gulper-eels/), or [sixgill sharks](https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/hexanchus-griseus/), or even the extremely elusive [giant squid](https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/giant-squid), without them noticing her presence.
“I don’t think people have any concept of how little we understand life on our own planet,” she says.
But in order to understand that life better — at least in the ocean — she would need to create the equivalent of a blind for the ocean. And so, she did, by mimicking the amazing adaptations of sea creatures she’d studied, and using them to design a camera she calls “The Eye in the Sea.” In her book, [*Below the Edge of Darkness*](https://www.amazon.com/Below-Edge-Darkness-Memoir-Exploring-ebook/dp/B08M2Z5ZW1), and on the latest episode of Vox’s [*Unexplainable* podcast](https://www.vox.com/unexplainable), Widder recalls her quest to build this underwater eye, and the unexpected scientific treasures it has allowed her to witness.
It started decades ago, with journeys down into the depths of the ocean, where Widder encountered some very strange fish.
## An amazing discovery that left Widder wanting more
It was 1989. Widder had squeezed into a Johnson Sea Link submersible. This was a deep-water vehicle with a big, transparent sphere that researchers like Widder could sit in and observe ocean life while maneuvering robotic arms to drop samples into collection buckets. At the time, it was one of the few submersibles available for research into questions about life in the middle of the ocean, instead of just the seafloor, or the surface waters.
Widder and Phil Santos, the submersible’s pilot, were nearing the end of their dive. As she remembers, it was late in the day, and they’d already been called to return to the surface. “You really don’t want to mess with people’s dinner times,” she says. A late return “makes you very unpopular.”
But as they were preparing to come up, Widder saw something extremely weird swimming out in front of them: a fish with a super long, skinny tail, a long, racing-stripe-like strip running down its side, and a huge, pelican-like mouth.
She recognized it as a gulper eel, a mysterious, deep-sea fish that’s truly weird. Unlike other eels, [it doesn’t have scales or pelvic fins or a swim bladder](https://twilightzone.whoi.edu/explore-the-otz/creature-features/pelican-eel/). It’s also hard to find.
“I had never seen \[a live\] one before and have never seen one since,” Widder says. “To see a live one is very, very rare.”
Excited, Widder started fiddling with the controls on her camera, hoping to capture the eel on film. But when she looked up again, it was gone. And in its place, there was a big, brown balloon.
“It was just… *what the hell*,” she remembers. Then, before her eyes, the balloon deflated, forming back into the shape of an eel. She realized that the balloon *was* the eel — the fish had puffed up its own jaw, stretching into the rounded shape. Widder suspects they were the first people to ever witness this behavior.
“I didn’t know they could do that. I don’t know if *anybody* knew they could do that,” she said to Santos, as the eel did the trick again, this time while she was filming it.
And then, Santos bumped the vehicle’s thrusters just enough to slide the eel into one of the eight plexiglass cylinders used to hold samples on the submersible. Suddenly, they hadn’t just filmed the rare eel. They had caught it.
Together, Santos and Widder finally surfaced and brought the gulper eel to their shipboard lab, along with some excited colleagues.
![](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rHBaWPi30rL5kmqZSsCNUPz-cjw=/0x0:3000x1742/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1742):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23387722/Gulper_comp2__1_.JPG)
The mysterious gulper eel in non-balloon form.
Courtesy of Edith Widder
But this is where the frustrations set in. On the one hand, this experience had been an absolute triumph. Widder had an unprecedented chance to study a rare eel, alive. She was making cool discoveries about its behavior.
But on the other hand, she was left with endless questions: Why did the gulper eel turn into a balloon? Why, as she also observed while studying it, did it let out a blindingly bright bioluminescent glow? Were these defensive maneuvers? Why use one in some cases, and another in others?
Widder says she had no good way of answering these questions, because the gulper eel wasn’t going to behave normally under lab conditions, and she couldn’t know how the presence of the sub changed its behavior.
But the experience inspired her to build a tool that would let her answer these questions — not just for gulper eels, for lots of ocean animals.
## Building an ocean blind
The experience with the eel, and others like it, stuck in Widder’s mind. By the mid-1990s, she’d decided that she wanted to invent a tool that would let her see ocean creatures like gulper eels up close without needing to put them in tanks or scare them with submersibles.
She thought that an undersea camera would be the best tool for the job, but there was a big obstacle she had to overcome: the darkness of the deep ocean. In the past, when scientists sent down cameras, they’d also sent down bright, white lights to light up the ocean depths. But Widder thought these lights were scaring away all the animals, or at least keeping them from acting naturally. They weren’t all that much less intrusive than the submarine thrusters.
Widder knew that she would still need light if she wanted her camera to be able to film. But she thought she might be able to solve the problem of scaring animals away by drawing inspiration from a special predator she’d studied known as a [stoplight loosejaw](https://twilightzone.whoi.edu/explore-the-otz/creature-features/stoplight-loosejaw/), or “stoplight fish.”
Like many deep-sea creatures, the stoplight fish is mildly horrifying at first glance. It has a long, dark body, pale eyes, and a jaw full of spiky teeth. But it gets its name from the unusual patches just below its eye that glow with red and green bioluminescence.
![](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/rpkxCThDfynUAe988xrjQQKJACE=/0x0:2100x739/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2100x739):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23387725/Malacosteus_niger.jpeg)
This rendering of a stoplight loosejaw is from a [1896 book on ocean fish](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4330655#page/48/mode/1up).
The red bioluminescence, in particular, is unusual. Most ocean animals that produce bioluminescence make blue light.
To understand why, a quick explanation of light in water: Red light cannot travel very far in ocean water. That’s because it has long wavelengths, [and winds up getting absorbed quickly by the water](http://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/physical/ocean-depths/light-ocean). That’s why a red swimsuit can appear black underwater.
Blue light, by contrast, has short wavelengths, so it travels much farther. It makes sense, then, that deep ocean creatures that are producing light to attract mates, or lure in prey, or flash out communications, use blue light to do so.
But because most of the bioluminescence in the deep ocean is blue light, Widder says, most ocean animals have also evolved to see blue light, so the stoplight fish’s red light is invisible to them.
“The cool thing about the stoplight fish is that it uses its bioluminescence like a sniper scope,” Widder says. “It makes red light and it can see red light that other fish can’t see. So it can sneak up on them, illuminate them clearly, and see them without being seen.” In this case, the fish’s “scope” is extremely short-range, but it’s still useful to have an invisible flashlight when you’re trying to illuminate your dinner without alarming it.
Widder realized that if she could imitate the stoplight fish, then she would have a way of lighting up the ocean without disturbing many of its residents. But it wasn’t as simple as just flashing a red light bulb under the sea. She had to reconstruct the specific way the fish generated the red light, covering the light source with a filter that could strain out all the other colors, so that no accidental hints of blue or green light snuck through to alert the fish.
She then paired her camera with a blue light lure: several blue LED lights in an epoxy mold that would light up like an “electronic jellyfish,” attracting predators to her camera so she could film them.
She gave the whole contraption a name: The Eye in the Sea. And in 2004, she finally had the chance to test it out for the first time.
![](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hVFzuwitWEemp_ZPvJmXbNvmQks=/0x0:3000x2250/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2250):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23387733/e_jellyA.JPEG)
The “electronic jellyfish,” a lure made out of blue LED lights.
Courtesy of Edith Widder
![](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/68VIISC69Lftx7BLBNzaEraSg0Q=/0x0:3000x2250/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2250):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23387748/EITS3_in_situA.JPEG)
The Eye in the Sea in place on the seafloor, ready to record underwater happenings.
Courtesy of Edith Widder
## The Eye in the Sea opens up
The first test was in the Gulf of Mexico, where Widder left the Eye in the Sea on the seafloor overnight. She wanted to start by just watching the seafloor, lit up by red light, to see how creatures might react. And then, a few hours in, she planned to turn on the blue “electronic jellyfish” lure, to see if it attracted any predators.
When they got the Eye in the Sea back on deck the next day, Widder went back to the lab, alone, to review the footage.
To the untrained eye, it wasn’t particularly thrilling. The camera was black and white, and, in Widder’s words, “pretty crummy.” But she didn’t care, because to her, what she was seeing was extraordinary: the fish were not afraid of her red light at all. They were swimming straight toward and around her camera, letting themselves be filmed.
“I was, for the very first time, seeing the world as it actually is instead of how it appears when we go down and disturb it. And I was ecstatic,” she remembers. “I had my window into the deep sea.”
Then, she got to the part of the footage where the electronic jellyfish turned on and started flashing tiny lights to attract predators.
A minute and 26 seconds later, a squid swam on screen that Widder describes as “so new to science, it could not even be placed in any known scientific family. Not just genus, but *family*.” Most squid have long, thin tentacles, Widder says, [but this one had short, muscular ones](https://tos.org/oceanography/assets/docs/20-4_widder.pdf).
“I screamed so loud when that squid appeared that they heard me up on the bridge,” she says. “And every time after that, when we recovered the Eye in the Sea, I had a crowd around me.”
## A whole new ocean view
Widder eventually got money from the National Science Foundation to improve her camera, and use it as a window into the ocean world.
By 2012, Widder had also developed a new version of the Eye in the Sea called “[The Medusa,](https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/15biolum/background/medusa/medusa.html)” which she was able to test off the coast of Japan. The goal of the expedition was to capture footage of the giant squid, an incredibly elusive animal that can grow as large as a four-story building, but had until that point, only ever been studied from dead specimens.
Widder thought that, like all the fish before it, the squid had been scared away by the bright white lights researchers had sent down with film equipment in the past. She hoped the Medusa’s red lights and subtle blue lure would be more successful. And they were.
“They were actually filming at the moment that I was reviewing the video and saw it and just completely lost my mind,” she remembers. Since then, she’s filmed the squid multiple times.
![](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/i4brBhlogCMLePqgY7S0CxLqjYQ=/0x0:3000x2250/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2250):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23387753/Attack_1B__1_A.JPEG)
A still from video footage the Medusa captured of the giant squid in 2012.
Courtesy of Edith Widder
![](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/CksdAB8zod11JJIfc988dr9tKAU=/0x0:3000x1922/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1922):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23387756/Giant_6_gill_2.JPG)
A sixgill shark approaches.
Courtesy of Edith Widder
She’s also continued to discover new behaviors — behaviors that she can witness in context, instead of trying to understand them in a lab, as she had to with her captured gulper eel.
She’s particularly proud of what she’s learned about sixgill sharks, which live near the ocean floor and scavenge for food. With the Eye in the Sea, Widder was able to capture footage of the sharks going vertical in the water to suck up muck from the ocean floor and run it through their gills. She believes that they’re doing this in order to sieve tiny bits of food out of that muck.
“It goes a long way to explaining how these giants manage to survive in such a food-poor environment,” she says. “But how are we ever going to know these things unless we can observe them like that?”
Of course, countless questions remain. Widder has still never fully answered her questions about gulper eels, for example, because she hasn’t seen them again with the Eye, and she’s turned up many other questions about ocean life over the course of her career. But now, at least, she has a tool she can use to answer those questions. And she’s excited to keep exploring. Before her career ends, she hopes to answer critical questions about [marine snow](https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/marinesnow.html) — the fecal pellets and plankton bodies that fall from the surface and nourish all the ocean life below.
“For me, the appeal of science is the notion of actually seeing something or learning something that nobody else has ever seen or known,” she says.
And by that standard, Widder has had an incredibly appealing career.
&emsp;
&emsp;
---
`$= dv.el('center', 'Source: ' + dv.current().Link + ', ' + dv.current().Date.toLocaleString("fr-FR"))`

6
05.02 Networks/Configuring UFW.md
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@ -237,13 +237,15 @@ sudo bash /etc/addip4ban/addip4ban.sh
#### Ban List Tasks #### Ban List Tasks
- [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-23 - [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-30
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-23 ✅ 2022-04-22
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-16 ✅ 2022-04-16 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-16 ✅ 2022-04-16
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10 ✅ 2022-04-10 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10 ✅ 2022-04-10
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-02 ✅ 2022-04-02 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-02 ✅ 2022-04-02
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-03-26 ✅ 2022-03-26 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-03-26 ✅ 2022-03-26
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-03-19 ✅ 2022-03-18 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-03-19 ✅ 2022-03-18
- [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-23 - [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-30
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-23 ✅ 2022-04-22
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-16 ✅ 2022-04-16 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-16 ✅ 2022-04-16
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10 ✅ 2022-04-10 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10 ✅ 2022-04-10
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-02 ✅ 2022-04-02 - [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-02 ✅ 2022-04-02

3
06.02 Investments/Crypto Tasks.md
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@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ All tasks and to-dos Crypto-related.
[[#^Top|TOP]] [[#^Top|TOP]]
&emsp; &emsp;
- [ ] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-22 - [ ] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-29
- [x] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-22 ✅ 2022-04-22
- [x] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-15 ✅ 2022-04-15 - [x] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-15 ✅ 2022-04-15
- [x] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-08 ✅ 2022-04-08 - [x] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-08 ✅ 2022-04-08
- [x] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-01 ✅ 2022-04-01 - [x] [[Crypto Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Crypto news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-01 ✅ 2022-04-01

3
06.02 Investments/Equity Tasks.md
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@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ Note summarising all tasks and to-dos for Listed Equity investments.
[[#^Top|TOP]] [[#^Top|TOP]]
&emsp; &emsp;
- [ ] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-22 - [ ] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-29
- [x] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-22 ✅ 2022-04-22
- [x] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-15 ✅ 2022-04-15 - [x] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-15 ✅ 2022-04-15
- [x] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-08 ✅ 2022-04-08 - [x] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-08 ✅ 2022-04-08
- [x] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-01 ✅ 2022-04-01 - [x] [[Equity Tasks#internet alerts|monitor Equity news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-01 ✅ 2022-04-01

3
06.02 Investments/VC Tasks.md
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@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ Tasks and to-dos for VC investments.
[[#^Top|TOP]] [[#^Top|TOP]]
&emsp; &emsp;
- [ ] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-22 - [ ] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-29
- [x] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-22 ✅ 2022-04-22
- [x] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-15 ✅ 2022-04-15 - [x] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-15 ✅ 2022-04-15
- [x] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-08 ✅ 2022-04-08 - [x] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-08 ✅ 2022-04-08
- [x] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-01 ✅ 2022-04-01 - [x] [[VC Tasks#internet alerts|monitor VC news and publications]] 🔁 every week on Friday 📅 2022-04-01 ✅ 2022-04-01

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