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iOS 3 years ago
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-25.md\"> 2022-03-25 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-24.md\"> 2022-03-24 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-23.md\"> 2022-03-23 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/My guiding principles after 20 years of programming.md\"> My guiding principles after 20 years of programming </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-22.md\"> 2022-03-22 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/The Man Behind Ethereum Is Worried About Crypto's Future.md\"> The Man Behind Ethereum Is Worried About Crypto's Future </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/How Putins Oligarchs Bought London.md\"> How Putins Oligarchs Bought London </a>",
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/France and PSG star Jean-Pierre Adams was in a coma for 39 years. His wife never left his side.md\"> France and PSG star Jean-Pierre Adams was in a coma for 39 years. His wife never left his side </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Sex Pistols Rolling Stone Cover Story on Notorious Punk Band.md\"> Sex Pistols Rolling Stone Cover Story on Notorious Punk Band </a>"
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],
"Renamed": [
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - CH.md\"> Mobile - CH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/This Whole Thing Has F---ed Me Up.md\"> This Whole Thing Has F---ed Me Up </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Geo - ZH.md\"> Geo - ZH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/dv-views/Geo - ZH.md\"> Geo - ZH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Email - tuta.md\"> Email - tuta </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Email - lebv.md\"> Email - lebv </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/WiFI - ZH Guest.md\"> WiFI - ZH Guest </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/WiFI - ZH.md\"> WiFI - ZH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - FR.md\"> Mobile - FR </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - UK.md\"> Mobile - UK </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - CH.md\"> Mobile - CH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/French mobile.md\"> French mobile </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.01 Computer setup/Storj.md\"> Storj </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"03.03 Food & Wine/Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios.md\"> Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"03.03 Food & Wine/Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce 1.md\"> Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce 1 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.01 Computer setup/Zint.md\"> Zint </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/H-Town United An Unlikely Soccer Power Rises in Texas.md\"> H-Town United An Unlikely Soccer Power Rises in Texas </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Unravelling of an Expert on Serial Killers.md\"> The Unravelling of an Expert on Serial Killers </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer.md\"> The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Making of Vladimir Putin.md\"> The Making of Vladimir Putin </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History.md\"> Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar.md\"> Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/8 Endangered Places We Can Still Save From Climate Change.md\"> 8 Endangered Places We Can Still Save From Climate Change </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/One Last Trip.md\"> One Last Trip </a>",
@ -3715,30 +3856,18 @@
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-28.md\"> 2022-02-28 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-27.md\"> 2022-02-27 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-26.md\"> 2022-02-26 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-25.md\"> 2022-02-25 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-24.md\"> 2022-02-24 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-23.md\"> 2022-02-23 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-22.md\"> 2022-02-22 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-21.md\"> 2022-02-21 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-20.md\"> 2022-02-20 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-31.md\"> 2022-01-31 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-30.md\"> 2022-01-30 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-29.md\"> 2022-01-29 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-28.md\"> 2022-01-28 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-27.md\"> 2022-01-27 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-26.md\"> 2022-01-26 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-25.md\"> 2022-01-25 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-24.md\"> 2022-01-24 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-23.md\"> 2022-01-23 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-01-22.md\"> 2022-01-22 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-09.md\"> 2022-03-09 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-08.md\"> 2022-03-08 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-07.md\"> 2022-03-07 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-06.md\"> 2022-03-06 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-05.md\"> 2022-03-05 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-04.md\"> 2022-03-04 </a>"
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-02-25.md\"> 2022-02-25 </a>"
],
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios.md\"> Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"03.03 Food & Wine/Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce 1.md\"> Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce 1 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"Storj.md\"> Storj </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"Zint.md\"> Zint </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/H-Town United An Unlikely Soccer Power Rises in Texas.md\"> H-Town United An Unlikely Soccer Power Rises in Texas </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History.md\"> Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Making of Vladimir Putin.md\"> The Making of Vladimir Putin </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer.md\"> The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Unravelling of an Expert on Serial Killers.md\"> The Unravelling of an Expert on Serial Killers </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar.md\"> Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/8 Endangered Places We Can Still Save From Climate Change.md\"> 8 Endangered Places We Can Still Save From Climate Change </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/One Last Trip.md\"> One Last Trip </a>",
@ -3780,16 +3909,7 @@
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/As the West takes aim with Russian sanctions, heres what we know about oligarchs secret finances - ICIJ.md\"> As the West takes aim with Russian sanctions, heres what we know about oligarchs secret finances - ICIJ </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Ukrainian military long on morale but short on weaponry.md\"> Ukrainian military long on morale but short on weaponry </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Terrible Truth So Many Experts Missed About Russia.md\"> The Terrible Truth So Many Experts Missed About Russia </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Miseducation of Maria Montessori.md\"> The Miseducation of Maria Montessori </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/A Vibe Shift Is Coming.md\"> A Vibe Shift Is Coming </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/QED Naval.md\"> QED Naval </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/VC Tasks.md\"> VC Tasks </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/@Investment Task master.md\"> @Investment Task master </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/Crypto Tasks.md\"> Crypto Tasks </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/EOS.md\"> EOS </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/VC Investments.md\"> VC Investments </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/Ocean Protocol.md\"> Ocean Protocol </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/Thalès.md\"> Thalès </a>"
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Miseducation of Maria Montessori.md\"> The Miseducation of Maria Montessori </a>"
],
"Refactored": [
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md\"> @Main Dashboard </a>",
@ -3822,9 +3942,15 @@
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Configuring Prometheus.md\"> Configuring Prometheus </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Configuring Prometheus.md\"> Configuring Prometheus </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Configuring Prometheus.md\"> Configuring Prometheus </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Installer Node Exporte... Doc SysNetAdmin.md\"> Installer Node Exporte... Doc SysNetAdmin </a>"
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Installer Node Exporte... Doc SysNetAdmin.md\"> Installer Node Exporte... Doc SysNetAdmin </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce.md\"> Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"03.03 Food & Wine/Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios.md\"> Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios </a>"
],
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"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - CH.md\"> Mobile - CH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/WiFI - ZH Guest.md\"> WiFI - ZH Guest </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"Untitled.md\"> Untitled </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"03.03 Food & Wine/Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce 1.md\"> Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce 1 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"Shopping.md\"> Shopping </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/delete.md\"> delete </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-31.md\"> 2022-03-31 </a>",
@ -3871,13 +3997,46 @@
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"Test.md\"> Test </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Lenquête Suisse Secrets relance le débat sur la liberté de la presse.md\"> Lenquête Suisse Secrets relance le débat sur la liberté de la presse </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Beef Stroganoff.md\"> Beef Stroganoff </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Templater scripts/List of plugins.md\"> List of plugins </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/A Vibe Shift Is Coming.md\"> A Vibe Shift Is Coming </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Always Be Suspicious of the “Cool Mom”.md\"> Always Be Suspicious of the “Cool Mom” </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/On the Road.md\"> On the Road </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/On the Road Introduction & Summary.md\"> On the Road Introduction & Summary </a>"
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Templater scripts/List of plugins.md\"> List of plugins </a>"
],
"Linked": [
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery.md\"> Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer.md\"> The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History.md\"> Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar.md\"> Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-13.md\"> 2022-04-13 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-12.md\"> 2022-04-12 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/WiFI - ZH.md\"> WiFI - ZH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - FR.md\"> Mobile - FR </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - UK.md\"> Mobile - UK </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Mobile - CH.md\"> Mobile - CH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Geo - ZH.md\"> Geo - ZH </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Email - tuta.md\"> Email - tuta </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Quick shares/Email - lebv.md\"> Email - lebv </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-12.md\"> 2022-04-12 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios.md\"> Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce.md\"> Churros with Bittersweet Chocolate Sauce </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-24 2nd tour élections présidentielles.md\"> 2022-04-24 2nd tour élections présidentielles </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-10 1er tour Présidentielle.md\"> 2022-04-10 1er tour Présidentielle </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-12.md\"> 2022-04-12 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-11.md\"> 2022-04-11 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"Storj.md\"> Storj </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"Zint.md\"> Zint </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-11.md\"> 2022-04-11 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-10.md\"> 2022-04-10 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/H-Town United An Unlikely Soccer Power Rises in Texas.md\"> H-Town United An Unlikely Soccer Power Rises in Texas </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History.md\"> Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Making of Vladimir Putin.md\"> The Making of Vladimir Putin </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer.md\"> The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Unravelling of an Expert on Serial Killers.md\"> The Unravelling of an Expert on Serial Killers </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-01.md\"> 2022-04-01 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-03.md\"> 2022-04-03 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-07 Diner Vivi.md\"> 2022-04-07 Diner Vivi </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-10 1er tour Présidentielle.md\"> 2022-04-10 1er tour Présidentielle </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-09 Garde-meuble Granny.md\"> 2022-04-09 Garde-meuble Granny </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-10.md\"> 2022-04-10 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-08 Dej Ag.md\"> 2022-04-08 Dej Ag </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-09 Garde-meuble Granny.md\"> 2022-04-09 Garde-meuble Granny </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-09.md\"> 2022-04-09 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-08.md\"> 2022-04-08 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-07.md\"> 2022-04-07 </a>",
@ -3891,44 +4050,7 @@
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/8 Endangered Places We Can Still Save From Climate Change.md\"> 8 Endangered Places We Can Still Save From Climate Change </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/One Last Trip.md\"> One Last Trip </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/This Whole Thing Has F---ed Me Up.md\"> This Whole Thing Has F---ed Me Up </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/E-commerce giants couldnt deliver. So these islanders built their own online shopping ecosystem.md\"> E-commerce giants couldnt deliver. So these islanders built their own online shopping ecosystem </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/How did people sleep in the Middle Ages - Medievalists.net.md\"> How did people sleep in the Middle Ages - Medievalists.net </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery.md\"> Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-01.md\"> 2022-04-01 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-03.md\"> 2022-04-03 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-03.md\"> 2022-04-03 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Man Behind Ethereum Is Worried About Crypto's Future.md\"> The Man Behind Ethereum Is Worried About Crypto's Future </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-02.md\"> 2022-04-02 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-01.md\"> 2022-04-01 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-04 Départ Papa.md\"> 2022-04-04 Départ Papa </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-31.md\"> 2022-03-31 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-31.md\"> 2022-03-31 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The Shaming-Industrial Complex.md\"> The Shaming-Industrial Complex </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Tim Cooks Oscar Moment Didnt Come Cheap.md\"> Tim Cooks Oscar Moment Didnt Come Cheap </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The dark side of Discord for teens.md\"> The dark side of Discord for teens </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Tech and War.md\"> Tech and War </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-30.md\"> 2022-03-30 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.06 Professional/Lynceus Partners arrivée de Melchior de Villeneuve en tant que Responsable du Développement.md\"> Lynceus Partners arrivée de Melchior de Villeneuve en tant que Responsable du Développement </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-29.md\"> 2022-03-29 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Installer Node Exporte... Doc SysNetAdmin.md\"> Installer Node Exporte... Doc SysNetAdmin </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-07 Meggi-mo arrival.md\"> 2022-04-07 Meggi-mo arrival </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-28.md\"> 2022-03-28 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-28.md\"> 2022-03-28 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-28.md\"> 2022-03-28 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-27.md\"> 2022-03-27 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.01 Admin/Memos/2022-03-27.md\"> 2022-03-27 </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"05.02 Networks/Server Tools.md\"> Server Tools </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The cells that can give you super-immunity.md\"> The cells that can give you super-immunity </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Seneca On Coping with the Shortness of Life.md\"> Seneca On Coping with the Shortness of Life </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Understanding Argument Styles Is The Secret To A Happy Relationship.md\"> Understanding Argument Styles Is The Secret To A Happy Relationship </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/On the pleasures of hand-writing letters youll never send.md\"> On the pleasures of hand-writing letters youll never send </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Uyghur Exile.md\"> Uyghur Exile </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Ukrainian military long on morale but short on weaponry.md\"> Ukrainian military long on morale but short on weaponry </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Could COVID-19 And Alzheimer's Overlaps Point Towards A Solution For Both Diseases.md\"> Could COVID-19 And Alzheimer's Overlaps Point Towards A Solution For Both Diseases </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Are Greeting Card Messages Getting Longer A Very Serious Investigation.md\"> Are Greeting Card Messages Getting Longer A Very Serious Investigation </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/The twitching generation.md\"> The twitching generation </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Saint Peters Is a Miracle.md\"> Saint Peters Is a Miracle </a>",
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.03 News/Louisiana Girls.md\"> Louisiana Girls </a>"
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"00.02 Inbox/E-commerce giants couldnt deliver. So these islanders built their own online shopping ecosystem.md\"> E-commerce giants couldnt deliver. So these islanders built their own online shopping ecosystem </a>"
],
"Removed Tags from": [
"<a class=\"internal-link\" href=\"06.02 Investments/Le Miel de Paris.md\"> Le Miel de Paris </a>",

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"id": "obsidian-full-calendar",
"name": "Full Calendar",
"version": "0.5.3",
"version": "0.6.1",
"minAppVersion": "0.12.0",
"description": "Obsidian integration with Full Calendar (fullcalendar.io)",
"author": "Davis Haupt",

@ -37,5 +37,5 @@
"underlineInternal": true,
"underlineExternal": true,
"useSystemTheme": false,
"folding": false
"folding": true
}

@ -2,25 +2,15 @@
"scanned": true,
"reminders": {
"05.01 Computer setup/Storage and Syncing.md": [
{
"title": "Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]]",
"time": "2022-04-10",
"rowNumber": 181
},
{
"title": "Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]]",
"time": "2022-04-12",
"rowNumber": 185
},
{
"title": "[[Storage and Syncing|Storage & Sync]]: Transfer pictures to ED",
"time": "2022-04-15",
"rowNumber": 201
"rowNumber": 203
},
{
"title": "[[Storage and Syncing|Storage & Sync]]: Backup Volumes to [[Sync|Sync.com]]",
"time": "2022-06-13",
"rowNumber": 195
"rowNumber": 197
},
{
"title": "[[Storage and Syncing|Storage & Sync]]: Backup Standard Notes (PC)",
@ -30,7 +20,17 @@
{
"title": "Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for FV|Folder Vault]]",
"time": "2022-07-01",
"rowNumber": 189
"rowNumber": 191
},
{
"title": "Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]]",
"time": "2022-07-07",
"rowNumber": 181
},
{
"title": "Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]]",
"time": "2022-07-12",
"rowNumber": 186
}
],
"06.01 Finances/hLedger.md": [
@ -65,37 +65,37 @@
}
],
"05.02 Networks/Server Tools.md": [
{
"title": "[[Server Tools]]: Backup server",
"time": "2022-04-12",
"rowNumber": 586
},
{
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: Upgrader Bitwarden & Health checks",
"time": "2022-04-18",
"rowNumber": 593
"rowNumber": 594
},
{
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: Upgrader Standard Notes & Health checks",
"time": "2022-05-18",
"rowNumber": 595
"rowNumber": 596
},
{
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: Upgrader Gitea & Health checks",
"time": "2022-06-18",
"rowNumber": 591
"rowNumber": 592
},
{
"title": "[[Server Tools]]: Backup server",
"time": "2022-10-04",
"rowNumber": 586
}
],
"05.02 Networks/Server VPN.md": [
{
"title": "[[Server VPN]]: Backup server",
"time": "2022-04-12",
"rowNumber": 287
},
{
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Server VPN|VPN]]: Check VPN state & dashboard",
"time": "2022-06-18",
"rowNumber": 291
"rowNumber": 292
},
{
"title": "[[Server VPN]]: Backup server",
"time": "2022-10-04",
"rowNumber": 287
}
],
"04.01 lebv.org/Hosting Tasks.md": [
@ -331,15 +331,15 @@
}
],
"01.02 Home/Household.md": [
{
"title": "[[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection",
"time": "2022-04-12",
"rowNumber": 72
},
{
"title": "[[Household]]: *Cardboard* recycling collection",
"time": "2022-04-19",
"rowNumber": 79
"rowNumber": 80
},
{
"title": "[[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection",
"time": "2022-04-26",
"rowNumber": 72
}
],
"01.03 Family/Pia Bousquié.md": [
@ -376,7 +376,7 @@
"01.01 Life Orga/@Finances.md": [
{
"title": "[[@Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian 🔼",
"time": "2022-04-12",
"time": "2022-05-10",
"rowNumber": 118
},
{
@ -474,13 +474,13 @@
"05.02 Networks/Configuring UFW.md": [
{
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix",
"time": "2022-04-10",
"time": "2022-04-16",
"rowNumber": 239
},
{
"title": "[[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list",
"time": "2022-04-10",
"rowNumber": 243
"time": "2022-04-16",
"rowNumber": 244
}
],
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-27.md": [
@ -491,19 +491,19 @@
}
],
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-03-18.md": [
{
"title": "11:34 [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring Fail2ban|Fail2ban]], [[Configuring UFW|UFW]]: voir si la liste d'IP peut etre partagee avec [crowdsec](https://crowdsec.net)",
"time": "2022-04-30",
"rowNumber": 93
},
{
"title": "11:41 [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: explore self hosting a web automation tool like [huginn](https://github.com/huginn/huginn)",
"time": "2022-04-10",
"rowNumber": 96
},
{
"title": "11:34 [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring Fail2ban|Fail2ban]], [[Configuring UFW|UFW]]: voir si la liste d'IP peut etre partagee avec [crowdsec](https://crowdsec.net)",
"time": "2022-04-30",
"rowNumber": 93
},
{
"title": "22:33 [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: install SN extensions",
"time": "2022-04-03",
"time": "2022-05-03",
"rowNumber": 99
}
],
@ -541,6 +541,20 @@
"time": "2022-04-25",
"rowNumber": 91
}
],
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-10.md": [
{
"title": "21:01 [[2022-04-10|Memo]], [[Amaury de Villeneuve|Chapal]]: trouver un réparateur pour l'oignon Lipp",
"time": "2022-05-01",
"rowNumber": 91
}
],
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-12.md": [
{
"title": "22:38 [[2022-04-12|Memo]], [[Storj]]: Explore integration with backup solutions (https://www.storj.io/integrations)",
"time": "2022-04-30",
"rowNumber": 92
}
]
},
"debug": false,

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"id": "obsidian42-brat",
"name": "Obsidian42 - BRAT",
"version": "0.6.31",
"version": "0.6.33",
"minAppVersion": "0.13.21",
"description": "Easily install a beta version of a plugin for testing.",
"author": "TfTHacker",

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
{
"id": "quickadd",
"name": "QuickAdd",
"version": "0.5.3",
"version": "0.5.5",
"minAppVersion": "0.13.19",
"description": "Quickly add new pages or content to your vault.",
"author": "Christian B. B. Houmann",

@ -195,3 +195,16 @@
.yesNoPromptParagraph {
text-align: center;
}
.qaFileSuggestionItem {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
width: 100%;
}
.qaFileSuggestionItem .suggestion-main-text {
font-weight: bold;
}
.qaFileSuggestionItem .suggestion-sub-text {
font-style: italic;
}

@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
"type": "split",
"children": [
{
"id": "32d68c9163680337",
"id": "800f982efa24f5b5",
"type": "leaf",
"state": {
"type": "markdown",
"state": {
"file": "01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md",
"file": "00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-13.md",
"mode": "preview",
"source": false
}
@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
"state": {
"type": "backlink",
"state": {
"file": "01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md",
"file": "00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-13.md",
"collapseAll": false,
"extraContext": false,
"sortOrder": "alphabetical",
@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
"state": {
"type": "outgoing-link",
"state": {
"file": "01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md",
"file": "00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-13.md",
"linksCollapsed": false,
"unlinkedCollapsed": false
}
@ -151,17 +151,17 @@
],
"currentTab": 2
},
"active": "32d68c9163680337",
"active": "800f982efa24f5b5",
"lastOpenFiles": [
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-13.md",
"01.02 Home/@Main Dashboard.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-09.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-08.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-07.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-06.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-05.md",
"01.01 Life Orga/@Lifestyle.md",
"01.01 Life Orga/@@Life Organisation.md",
"01.01 Life Orga/@Life Admin.md",
"00.03 News/Tortilla de Harina A Moon of Mystery.md",
"00.03 News/The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer.md",
"00.03 News/Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History.md",
"00.03 News/Kerouac at 100 - The American Scholar.md",
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-04.md",
"00.03 News/He Chased Silicon Valley Dreams Amid the Cannabis Boom. But Did His Ambition Lead to His Murder.md",
"00.03 News/The death spiral of an American family.md"
"00.01 Admin/Calendars/2022-04-12.md"
]
}

@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ This section does serve for quick memos.
- [ ] 11:34 [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring Fail2ban|Fail2ban]], [[Configuring UFW|UFW]]: voir si la liste d'IP peut etre partagee avec [crowdsec](https://crowdsec.net) 📆2022-04-30
- [x] 11:36 [[@IT & Computer]]: Find a HackerNews reader 📅 2022-03-31 ✅ 2022-03-19
- [x] 11:39 [[Selfhosting]], [[@News]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: explore self hosting a RSS reader like [selfoss](https://selfoss.aditu.de) 📅 2022-03-31 ✅ 2022-03-19
- [ ] 11:41 [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: explore self hosting a web automation tool like [huginn](https://github.com/huginn/huginn) 📆2022-04-10
- [ ] 11:41 [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: explore self hosting a web automation tool like [huginn](https://github.com/huginn/huginn) 📅 2022-04-25
- [x] 12:23 [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]], [[Configuring Caddy|caddy]]: Add Caddy to Prometheus 📅 2022-03-26 ✅ 2022-03-18
- [x] 15:39 [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring Caddy|caddy]]: Mettre en place le monitoring par Prometheus 📅 2022-04-03 ✅ 2022-04-02
- [ ] 22:33 [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: install SN extensions 📆2022-04-03
- [ ] 22:33 [[Selfhosting]], [[Server Tools|Tools]]: install SN extensions 📅 2022-05-03
---

@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
[[Hungarian Mushroom Soup]] for dinner
[[Hungarian Mushroom Soup]] for dinner with [[Amaury de Villeneuve|Papa]].
%% ### %%
&emsp;

@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ This section does serve for quick memos.
%% ### %%
&emsp;
- 14:48 [[Lamb n Lentil Curry]] for lunch
- 14:48 [[Lamb n Lentil Curry]] for lunch with [[Amaury de Villeneuve|Papa]]
---

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
---
title: Diner Vivi
allDay: false
startTime: 20:30
endTime: 23:59
date: 2022-04-07
---
[[2022-04-07|Ce jour]], diner chez [[Virginie Parent|Vivi]] avec [[MRCK|Boubinou]], la Goutte d'Or, [[@@Paris|Paris]].

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
---
title: Dej Ag
allDay: false
startTime: 13:00
endTime: 13:45
date: 2022-04-08
---
[[2022-04-08|Ce jour]], dej avec [[Aglaé de Villeneuve|Ag]] et [[MRCK|Meg]] a [[Thierry Marx Bakery]], [[@@Paris|Paris]].

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
---
title: Garde-meuble Granny
allDay: false
startTime: 09:00
endTime: 11:00
date: 2022-04-09
---
[[2022-04-09|Ce jour]], départ de [[@@Paris|Paris]] pour la garde-meuble à Gonesse avec [[Amaury de Villeneuve|Papa]], [[Eloi de Villeneuve|Eloi]] et [[MRCK|Meg]].

@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35
Water: 2.57
Coffee: 4
Steps:
Steps: 10102
Ski:
Riding:
Racket:

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
---
title: 1er tour Présidentielle
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-10
endDate: 2022-04-11
---
1er tour des élections présidentielles à [[@@Paris|Paris]], le [[2022-04-10|10 avril 2022]]; avec [[MRCK|Meggi-mo]] dans l'isoloir.

@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
---
Date: 2022-04-10
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
Sleep: 8
Happiness: 95
Gratefulness: 95
Stress: 40
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35
Water: 2.61
Coffee: 4
Steps: 9009
Ski:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
title: "Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-10
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2022-04-09|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2022-04-11|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2022-04-10Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2022-04-10NSave
&emsp;
# 2022-04-10
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Note Description
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Memos
&emsp;
#### Memos
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% ### %%
&emsp;
- [ ] 21:01 [[2022-04-10|Memo]], [[Amaury de Villeneuve|Chapal]]: trouver un réparateur pour l'oignon Lipp 📆2022-05-01
---
&emsp;
### Notes
&emsp;
Loret ipsum
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
---
Date: 2022-04-11
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
Sleep: 8
Happiness: 95
Gratefulness: 95
Stress: 40
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35
Water: 2.85
Coffee: 4
Steps: 5175
Ski:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
title: "Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-11
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2022-04-10|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2022-04-12|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2022-04-11Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2022-04-11NSave
&emsp;
# 2022-04-11
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Note Description
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Memos
&emsp;
#### Memos
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% ### %%
&emsp;
- [x] 21:23 [[2022-04-11|Memo]], [[Storj]]: Finish the documentation on Storj 📅 2022-04-15 ✅ 2022-04-12
---
&emsp;
### Notes
&emsp;
Loret ipsum
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
---
Date: 2022-04-12
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
Sleep: 7
Happiness: 90
Gratefulness: 90
Stress: 40
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35
Water: 2.63
Coffee: 6
Steps: 9486
Ski:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
title: "Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-12
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2022-04-11|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2022-04-13|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2022-04-12Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2022-04-12NSave
&emsp;
# 2022-04-12
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Note Description
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Memos
&emsp;
#### Memos
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% ### %%
&emsp;
- [x] 17:36 [[2022-04-12|Memo]], [[Zint]]: find replacement that can handle vcard, vevent 📅 2022-04-23 ✅ 2022-04-12
- [ ] 22:38 [[2022-04-12|Memo]], [[Storj]]: Explore integration with backup solutions (https://www.storj.io/integrations) 📆2022-04-30
---
&emsp;
### Notes
&emsp;
Loret ipsum
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
---
Date: 2022-04-13
DocType: Note
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp:
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
Sleep: 7
Happiness: 90
Gratefulness: 95
Stress: 40
FrontHeadBar: 5
EarHeadBar: 45
BackHeadBar: 35
Water: 0.25
Coffee: 4
Steps:
Ski:
Riding:
Racket:
Football:
title: "Daily Note"
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-13
---
%% Parent:: [[@Life Admin]] %%
---
[[2022-04-12|<< 🗓 Previous ]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[@Main Dashboard|Back]] &emsp; &emsp; &emsp; [[2022-04-14|🗓 Next >>]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Record today's health
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-2022-04-13Edit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-2022-04-13NSave
&emsp;
# 2022-04-13
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Note Description
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Memos
&emsp;
#### Memos
This section does serve for quick memos.
&emsp;
%% ### %%
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Notes
&emsp;
Loret ipsum
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
---
title: 2nd tour élections présidentielles
allDay: true
date: 2022-04-24
endDate: 2022-04-25
---
2nd tour des élections présidentielles le [[2022-04-24|24 Avril]].

@ -1,21 +1,84 @@
**Home - London**
```toc
```
&emsp;
### Zürich
```ad-important
~~~
location: [47.3639129,8.55627491017841]
~~~
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### London: 7 Leinster Gardens
```ad-important
~~~
location: [51.514678599999996, -0.18378583926867909]
~~~
```
&emsp;
**Paris - 28**
---
&emsp;
### Paris: 28
```ad-important
~~~
location: [48.832771,2.3388262]
~~~
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
**Paris - BNF**
### Paris: BNF
```ad-important
~~~
location: [48.833911, 2.377615]
~~~
```
&emsp;
---
**Rennes - Parlement**
&emsp;
### Rennes - Parlement
```ad-important
~~~
location: [48.11219305, -1.677444763774016]
~~~
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
**Chateau de Boro**
### Chateau de Boro
```ad-important
~~~
location: [47.691320000000005, -2.1312019318181816]
~~~
```

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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
### Mobile
&emsp;
![[phone_ch.png]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Signal
&emsp;
![[signal_ch.png]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Whatsapp
&emsp;
![[whatsapp_ch.png]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Telegram
&emsp;
![[telegram.png]]

@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
### Mobile
&emsp;
![[phone_fr.png]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Signal
&emsp;
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Whatsapp
&emsp;
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Telegram
&emsp;
![[telegram.png]]

@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
### Mobile
&emsp;
![[phone_uk.png]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Signal
&emsp;
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Whatsapp
&emsp;
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Telegram
&emsp;
![[telegram.png]]

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
### Home network
&emsp;
![[wifi_main.png]]
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Visitor network
&emsp;
![[wifi_visitor.png]]

@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ await dv.io.load(dv.page("02.02 Paris/Abri"))
`jsx- <WithFrontMatter render={({Number1, Number2})=> (Number1 + Number2) * 100
}/>`
> [!command] test
> ```
> Command line test
> ```
not found: ☀️ 🌡️-7°C 🌬↙3km/h

@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
---
dg-publish: true
Alias: [""]
Tag: ["Sport", "Football", US]
Date: 2022-04-10
DocType: "WebClipping"
Hierarchy:
TimeStamp: 2022-04-10
Link: https://www.texasmonthly.com/arts-entertainment/elsik-high-school-soccer-houston/
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
---
Parent:: [[@News|News]]
Read:: No
---
&emsp;
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-H-TownUnitedAnUnlikelySoccerPowerRisesinTexasNSave
&emsp;
# H-Town United: An Unlikely Soccer Power Rises in Texas
One day last fall, Vincenzo Cox, the boys varsity soccer coach at Elsik High School, was catching up on email when he spotted a message that made him spring to attention. It was from Marlene Acuña, who works in the schools English as a second language program. Cox makes a point of sending Acuña team T-shirts, as a thank-you for all the times shes alerted him to new kids who turned out to be good soccer players. Acuña had just met with a seventeen-year-old who had recently arrived from Honduras. He looked athletic and said he loved to play *fútbol*. Would Cox like to meet him?
Elsik is one of three high schools within four city blocks of one another in Alief (pronounced with a long *a*), a southwest Houston neighborhood densely packed with immigrants and refugees from around the world. Students in the Alief school district are native speakers of more than ninety languages. Many arrive knowing little English, and some have had barely any formal education at all. Although the district has programs to bring those kids along academically, Acuña also tries to steer new students toward activities that reflect their interests, “to find something to keep them motivated.”
When Hector Rodriguez showed up a few weeks into the academic year, he told Acuña hed come to join his dad and uncle, who had migrated to Alief ahead of him, seeking work and “looking for a better future.” In Honduras, gang violence, corruption, and brutal military policing have led thousands to pursue new lives in the U.S., many of them in Alief. Hectors siblings and mother were still back home, unable to afford the costly and dangerous trip north. 
![Vincenzo Cox at a team practice.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-coach-cox.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![Vincenzo Cox at a team practice.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-coach-cox.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
Vincenzo Cox at practice.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
Later that day, when Cox saw Hector in the hallway, he decided to give him a kind of informal tryout right there on the spot, using a soccer ball he keeps in the classroom where he teaches U.S. government. After juggling the ball for a moment, Cox flipped it over to Hector, who didnt blink. Compact and sinewy, with a puff of black hair and dangly cross earrings, the teen kept the ball moving with his feet as casually and nimbly as if he were using his hands, confining his movements to a tight, controlled space. He didnt even take off his backpack—always a good sign, Cox has found. 
Experience has taught Cox that muscular kids sometimes turn out to be less skilled on the field, but Hector looked like an exception. Time would tell, but for now, Cox penciled him straight into the lineup.
The coach had reason for such urgency. Over the past decade, the Elsik Rams have grown into one of the best boys soccer teams in the country, thanks in large part to the river of talent that flows into Alief every year. Coxs 2018 squad won a state championship in Texass most competitive division, 6A, and finished the season ranked number one in the nation. But this past fall was different from any other Cox had faced in his fourteen years at the school. COVID-19 and a handful of other bad breaks had depleted the roster and throttled Elsiks attempts to win another title. Coming into the 20212022 season, the program was on unsure footing, and Cox was looking to fill holes throughout his lineup. A powerful new forward would plug in nicely.
About half of this years Elsik players were born outside the U.S. In addition to Honduras, they come from El Salvador, Colombia, Peru, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Vietnam, and Mexico. Many hadnt played organized soccer before high school. Hector came up playing in the streets of La Ceiba, a port city of roughly 200,000 on the Gulf of Honduras. Senior defender Toliat Ajuwon grew up competing barefoot in Nigeria, braving “no-mercy” pickup games he said were more aggressive than anything hed seen in the States. Junior midfielder Oumar Berete arrived last year from Senegal, where “nine out of ten kids want to be a soccer player” and where he played informal games on the beach but never had a proper coach. 
> “They start to see the good in each other. They start connecting. And once I can get to that point, I can get them to run through a brick wall for each other.”
On the other end of the spectrum, senior team captain Javier Ordonez learned to play in cleats on Texas grass. He was raised in Fort Bend County, twenty miles southwest of Alief, and came to the Rams with years of experience in youth soccer clubs. In some ways, his circumstances reflect the dreams of many of his teammates and their families. His father, an assistant principal at Elsik, came to the U.S. from Honduras at age five, before eventually studying at Baylor University and beginning a career in education. The Ordonezes toiled for years to recapture the success theyd had back home, where Javiers grandfather had been a physician. Now Javier aims to go into business or medicine, if not professional soccer. Hes on track to be the valedictorian of Elsiks class of 2022.
Nearly 12,000 students attend the three major high schools in Alief. A lottery determines who enrolls in which school, so each soccer team should draw equally from the same talent pool. Yet Elsiks neighbors often struggle, while the Rams have been a powerhouse for much of Coxs tenure. Ask any of the players why Elsik is different, and youll get the same answer: “Were family.” Cox is the patriarch who works every angle he can to get the most out of his crew. Elsik soccer, for the boys skilled enough to make the team, provides a much-needed support network. Its an alternative to gangs and other neighborhood strife and a potential ticket to college.
On the field, these teens create the kind of magic only witnessed when athletes feed off one anothers strengths and become greater than the sum of their parts. “They steal moves from each other,” Cox said. “Fakes, feints, no-look passes—and then, the next thing you know, theyre perfecting them. They start to see the good in each other. They start connecting. And once I can get to that point, I can get them to run through a brick wall for each other.” 
![The team moves the goal together during practice.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-net-practice.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![The team moves the goal together during practice.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-net-practice.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
Elsik players move the goal during practice.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
On a warm mid-November day, just outside the windowless brown-brick Elsik gym, the 49-year-old Cox strode around the practice field shouting numbers from one to ten in English and Spanish. Spread across the pitch were ten numbered orange construction barrels serving as training dummies. Assistant coach Brian Meza, a former Elsik midfielder, had spotted the barrels one day while driving to Galveston for a fishing trip. It looked like they were being discarded, so he called Cox, who hurried down in his pickup. They each stacked a few in their trucks and took them back to Houston. High-end inflatable or steel mannequins can cost hundreds of dollars each, but Cox, with an annual budget of $3,600 to provide uniforms and equipment for the varsity, JV, and freshman soccer teams, has to be scrappier than that.
Whenever Cox shouted a barrels number, the players shifted to where theyd need to be if that imaginary player had the ball. After practice, Cox told me the point of the drill was to work on spacing and build awareness of defensive assignments. The best Rams teams function as a unit, he said. When an opponent moves the ball, every player knows what to do and what his teammates should be doing. On offense, its the same story. Theres little dribbling. The teams passes zip around the field, usually a step or two ahead of opposing defenders, always building to an attack. Although Elsik players often possess impressive individual skills and athleticism before they join the team, its not easy getting a group as varied as the Rams to play connected, unselfish soccer. Coxs feat isnt just assembling all that talent; its marshaling it into a system.
As we walked off the field, the coach interrupted his explanation and called over to a student equipment manager: “I need to take those pinnies home and wash them, so once you get them all together, leave them in the office!” Cox cleans the teams uniforms at home because he worries they might get stolen from the washing machines at school. He tries to stretch each set of game uniforms for four or five years, which can be a challenge, especially for the white jerseys the team wears at away games.
Doing laundry is one of many ways Coxs job can look as much like parenting as teaching. On game days, hell bring fresh fruit for his players, many of whom dont always get a square meal at home. If a player takes on part-time work at Pizza Hut, Cox might help him find a better-paying gig coaching youth soccer. If a player is struggling in class, Cox will help get him a tutor. 
Other challenges that come with the position are more persistent, like the termites chewing up the particleboard gear cabinets. Or the time last fall when the team was reviewing video on a Saturday morning and the players who had cars emerged from the session to find that vandals had smashed the windows of all but one. In that case, senior Erik Andrade posted in the team group chat that he knew a guy who could fix the windows at a discount. (“One of the benefits of Alief,” Cox told me. “You can find cheap work done basically off market.”)
He led me to his crowded office, its cinder-block walls painted Elsiks bright shade of blue, to continue explaining his system. Bald and round-faced, with a welcoming smile and a teachers habit of repeating certain phrases for emphasis—“yes, yes”—he wore black track pants tight around the ankles and a training shirt that clung to his well-muscled chest and arms. For two hours, Cox spoke almost uninterrupted, except when one of the teams former equipment managers stopped by to ask if the coach would like to see his new truck. One minute Cox would be near tears describing a players personal challenges. The next hed be pulling up game tape to illustrate the finer points of passing strategy or show how hard other teams foul the Rams. 
After one video of midfielder Zamir Gonzalez getting the ball and two teammates immediately knowing where to run to create an imbalance for the other side, the coach cut himself off. “Hector doesnt have a clue about this stuff,” he said, waving his arms for emphasis. Two years ago, he added, Zamir was basically what Hector is today. Zamir came to Texas from Honduras with tremendous raw talent but only street soccer experience. Now hes one of the teams key members, a playmaker with masterful ball control who relays passes all over the field. 
Normally, it would take a new arrival like Hector a year to get comfortable within Coxs system, but this season, because of gaps in the roster, hed be starting right away at center forward. “He came in here, and we showed him a video,” Cox said, standing in front of a big TV hed wedged into the corner of his office, “and he was like, What kind of place is this, showing videos? Is this like a professional organization?’ ”
![Cox leading a video session with the team.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-coach-cox-film.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![Cox leading a video session with the team.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-coach-cox-film.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
Cox leads a video session.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
Vincenzo Cox grew up the son of an Army sergeant who was stationed in Germany and Italy, where soccer was the dominant sport. He played on a team of American kids who would travel off base to take on German clubs, and he found himself stunned by how disciplined they were, how rarely they were sloppy with the ball, and how hard his teammates had to work to keep up.
After his family moved to Miami, when he was in high school, Cox turned his attention to track and field. He was a promising sprinter, but he remembers vividly the day he was late to a team meeting because hed stopped at the library to grab a copy of *Track & Field News* featuring Leroy Burrell, then the “worlds fastest human,” on the cover. Cox, an underclassman at the time, was slower than his older, stronger teammates, and as he walked into the locker room, he overheard his coach telling the group, “Vincenzo couldnt win a race on a motorcycle.” 
It was a crushing moment, but he used it to fuel his motivation as he matured physically—not to prove the coach wrong so much as to see how far he could push himself. He also vowed to never put other athletes down. He ended up landing a track scholarship to the University of Houston, where renowned Cougars coach Tom Tellez had trained Burrell, as well as Olympic sprinting legend Carl Lewis. When Cox attended U of H in the mid-nineties, both Burrell and Lewis still worked out at the schools facility. 
Cox didnt realize it at the time, but his international background allowed him to feel at ease and communicate effectively with coaches and teammates from different backgrounds—not just the Black sprinters who looked like him, but the pole-vaulters, the veterans like Burrell, and the white cross-country runners. “A lot of sprinters are Black, and you get some kids from the hood,” Cox told me. “If they needed to talk to the coach, theyd ask me to do it for them. I was kind of naive and didnt realize until years later that they werent comfortable.” He wound up serving as an interpreter between the different worlds that collided on the team.
Burrell was looking for a new training partner back then, and Cox stepped into the role. It was the beginning of a close friendship that continues to this day. “Hed drag me around the track on the longer stuff, and Id drag him around the track on the faster stuff,” Burrell told me. “He had the talent and the work ethic that he probably could have gone a little farther if things had fallen his way. But perhaps it wasnt meant to be, and it put him on the path to where he is now, helping others.” 
Cox failed to make the 1996 Olympic team at the U.S. trials, then pursued professional soccer for a few years after college. He tried out for several teams in England and the States but didnt land a spot, so he joined the Army as a reservist and eventually found work teaching special ed at a Houston elementary school. In 2004 he and seven other members of his reserve unit were called up, and he found himself in Iraq, working in combat medical supply and losing chunks of hair after every low helicopter flight over a combat zone. When he came home in 2006, he figured his old job would be waiting, but instead the district placed him at Elsik for what he thought would be a three-month gig. A year later, he was still there, and the head soccer coach was stepping down. Cox, whod been volunteering as an assistant, slid into the job of his life. 
Elsik has more than four thousand students—of whom almost 60 percent are Latino, 27 percent Black, 10 percent Asian, and 3 percent white. Nearly 80 percent of the students are economically disadvantaged, and a quarter are still learning English. Cox himself is an outsider: a Black American in a school full of Black Africans who dont always know what to make of him, a Black soccer coach in a country that has relatively few of them. He fit right in at Elsik.
![Hector Rodriguez dribbling the ball during a home game against Shadow Creek](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-game-hector.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![Hector Rodriguez dribbling the ball during a home game against Shadow Creek](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-game-hector.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
Hector Rodriguez dribbles the ball during a home game against Shadow Creek.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
Cox spent the bulk of his first years budget on new practice uniforms. Suddenly, boys whod been wearing whatever mesh basketball shorts and T-shirts they could scrounge up from home were given fresh blue-and-white Adidas kits, and not just for game days. “You look better, you feel better, you train better,” Cox said.
During his fourth year, Cox noticed that the teams Latino and Black players werent getting along. One day that season, he arrived at practice and found his players on the verge of a brawl, with several of them holding teammates back from throwing punches. He broke up the fight, and the next day, in the locker room before a game, he wrote the players names on the whiteboard, sorted by race, and told them to come up with their own formation. Then he slammed the door and walked to the field without them. 
They started the game with a lineup organized around friendships and ethnic groups—Mexicans here, Nigerians there, and so on. Instead of sharing the ball and looking to set one another up for shots on goal, the players seemed to decide where to pass based on whether the teammate on the receiving end looked like them or spoke the same language at home. By halftime, with the team in disarray, the teens were begging Cox to step in. 
A few days later, during a pregame meeting, he singled out two leaders, one Latino and one Black. “You want to know something?” he asked them. “Whenever I look over video, I see that when Oscar and Aniekan make connections on passes, the whole team starts playing better.” The two looked across the room at each other—like, *Hey, the game goes through us*—and on the field that day, the rest of the team followed their lead. Cox has a picture saved on his phone of two players from that season hugging after the game. That was the first Elsik team to win the district championship. The next year, the same group won the regional tournament and reached the state semifinals.
Hans Kleinschmidt, who until last year coached against Elsik at the Woodlands High School, credits the Rams success under Cox to their combination of different styles of play from different parts of the world. “Generally speaking, the Hispanic players are very creative and dynamic with the ball and take pride in being able to take players one-on-one. And then the population who have ties to Africa and the Caribbean, theyre more athletic. And they kind of meld together. The Hispanic kids become bigger and stronger because they want to match their teammates, and the non-Hispanic kids are like, Hey, Im going to be just as creative on the ball as you are. And so in pregame warm-up, you see them all juggling, taking each other on one-on-one, emulating each others moves. They force each other to compete. You hate to play against it, but its fun to watch.”
He still remembers the first time the Woodlands scrimmaged one of Coxs teams: “They show up at the stadium, and they get off the bus, and the discipline that is there, the enthusiasm that is there, the organization, the eagerness—you could just tell there was a different energy. And they were super, super polite.”
As Kleinschmidt sees it, Elsiks rise rewrote the script for prep soccer, which he told me has typically been considered “a country club sport, like golf and tennis and swimming. Its generally dominated by the suburban communities, the Woodlands, the Westlakes, the Southlakes”—largely because those kids can afford to play on club teams that provide year-round training, a system that can cost families tens of thousands of dollars annually, depending on flights and hotels for travel tournaments. Not only do Elsiks players thrive outside that system, theyve changed how the game is played at the elite high school level. 
At the Woodlands, Kleinschmidt said, players almost always come from one club system, with a tendency to play what he jokingly calls “generic suburban soccer.” Theyre adept at protecting the ball and passing, “but they dont want to take risks because they dont want to mess up,” he explained. “So they play really, really conservatively.” 
Then, along comes Elsik, where the players have the dexterity and athleticism to win one-on-one challenges, plus Cox teaching them to move the ball. “He tells them, You win the ball, and then you find a teammate down the field who has space and time and get him the ball as fast as you possibly can. You make your teammate look good,’ ” Kleinschmidt said. “When he has ten guys who can do that, how do you play against that?” 
By 2018, Elsik was regularly ranked among the best high school soccer programs in Texas and often alongside the top teams nationally. And the boys grades were usually pretty good too. This years squad has five seniors in the top 10 percent of their graduating class. But many students in Alief face obstacles that others dont—language barriers, less family support, more urgency to contribute to the household income. Even with access to ESL programs and help from coaches, “there are always a couple that will struggle, and weve got to stay on them,” Cox said. 
Its just another challenge of the job. So is the notoriety that comes with the Rams success. Cox showed me video after video of his players being knocked down, fouled, bloodied, sometimes even punched. He knows his boys are perfectly capable of fighting back, but he enforces a strict rule that the Rams do not foul on purpose unless its necessary to save a game. They do not slide tackle, even though its legal. They do not respond to trash talk, not even the racist kind. Cox told me about a time one of his players had to hold *him* back after an opponent called a teammate a racial slur and told him to go back to where he came from. “He said, Coach, stay quiet. I will get the goal. And then he went and scored.”
Despite the target on the teams back, Elsik kept winning. Success became so routine that a tie felt like a loss and a point scored against Elsik was simply unacceptable. Any result besides a shutout carried a twinge of dissatisfaction. The Rams rolled into the 2018 playoffs with an undefeated record that season. After claiming the regional title, Elsik beat the Irving Tigers 31 in the first round of the state tourney to set up a meeting with the San Antonio Reagan Rattlers in the final. The Rams entered that game with a 2102 record and a roster built around nineteen players from eleven countries. 
> Even with access to ESL programs and help from coaches, “there are always a couple that will struggle, and weve got to stay on them,” Cox said.
After Elsik took an early lead on a penalty kick, the game was locked in a 10 stalemate. Then, with 28 minutes left in the second half, the referees gave Elsik senior Daniel Duran a red card for an uncharacteristically aggressive
tackle—meaning he would be ejected, and Elsik would have to finish the game with ten players on the field against Reagans eleven. 
The Rattlers began a relentless attack, firing off shot after shot and putting the games outcome on the shoulders of Rams goalie Eliaz Zamora. With ten minutes left, he threw himself into the air to punch away a rocket of a strike, a save that newspapers would hail as “spectacular.” He nearly equaled that play on another clutch save with two minutes left. The final score: Elsik 1, Reagan 0. Zamora, who was named the tournament MVP, had six saves. 
It was not only Elsik soccers first state title, but also the first championship for any boys team in the modern history of Aliefs school district. The achievement was capped off by two national polls rating Elsik number one in the country in their season-ending rankings. Without an interstate tournament for high school soccer, this was as close as a team could come to winning a national title, and the Elsik Rams were suddenly Houstons unlikeliest hometown heroes. 
![Elsik players listening to a halftime speech from Cox.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-locker-room-talk.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![Elsik players listening to a halftime speech from Cox.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-locker-room-talk.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
Elsik players listen to a halftime speech from Cox.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
Most teams would get championship rings after a run like Elsik had in 2018, but that kind of hardware tends to cost $350 or $400 apiece—more money than most of the players could spare for commemorative bling, even with the principal offering school funds to cover $150 of each ring. Instead, a friend of Coxs put him in touch with Uptown Diamond, a jeweler in River Oaks that usually serves Houstons socialites and is the go-to for affluent high school teams and major Texas universities looking to order elaborate championship rings. The owner, the late Rick Antona (he died of COVID in 2021), agreed to make rings for Elsik and price them at $200 each, with the students paying $50 and the school picking up the difference. The rings were silver and blue, with the word “Elsik” in the center and “UIL StateNational Champions” around the edges. 
After the season, the champs gathered at Pitch 25, an indoor soccer venue, for a ring ceremony. Local news crews showed up, as did Houston mayor Sylvester Turner, who posed for photos with the team and said a few words about resilience and civic pride. But then, three months later, Elsiks principal determined that allowing the players to keep their rings might run afoul of state rules against athletes receiving gifts. Cox hadnt gone through official district channels to get approval for the jewelers discount. Uptown Diamond had to file a letter certifying that it had taken back the rings. Today, only one ring remains at the school—the one Cox bought. It sits behind glass in a trophy case in the main hallway at Elsik. 
By the time of the ring drama, the 2019 Rams season was already underway. Half of the players from the championship team had been sophomores, so this squad was arguably even better—though they ended up losing in the state semifinals after a player on the opposing team caught fire in the second half, scoring two unassisted goals in two minutes. 
The next year, 2020, was shaping up to be Elsiks best yet. The 2018 sophomores were now seniors, and up-and-coming star Javier Ordonez was proving to be, if not the most gifted athlete, perhaps the most dedicated and versatile player Cox had ever coached, a field general who got regular varsity playing time even as a freshman. “We were dangerous,” Javier told me. “The team had been playing together so long, we already knew what each other was going to do. Like, if the forwards lost the ball, they already knew we were going to win it back fast and give it back to them. We were making, like, four hundred, five hundred passes a game. It was crisp.”
The Rams were 2101, their best record ever, with one game left in the regular season, when COVID shut everything down. There would be no regional tournament, no state tournament—no return to glory. The best year ever became a lost year. 
By 2021, all those seniors had graduated, and remote classes hit the team hard. Students everywhere have suffered in the pandemic, but the Rams struggled more than most. Without their ever-present coach admonishing them to keep up with schoolwork and checking in on them, eight players missed games because they had failed online classes and were no longer eligible to compete. One stopped going to school entirely and failed every subject. Another, who lives in an apartment complex known to be among Aliefs roughest, was lucky to be alive after a stray bullet whizzed into his car, passed through his seat, and struck his shoulder. Fortunately, the bullet had lost so much momentum by the time it hit him that it caused only a deep bruise, and the player missed just one game. 
And yet the Rams almost made it back to the state tournament. They finished the regular season 1824 and headed into the regional championship eyeing another title. On the morning of the game, though, the Elsik goalkeeper complained of severe stomach pain. The first- and second-string goalies were already academically ineligible, and now the third-stringer was too sick to play. It turned out hed been living on little more than soda and Flamin Hot Cheetos, and now, with postseason pressure thrown into the mix, his guts were striking back. The JV goalie was also out for academic reasons, so Cox was forced to field the freshman teams fourteen-year-old backup keeper. Elsik lost 21 to Jersey Village, and their season ended two wins short of the state final. Cox didnt allow players to criticize the overmatched goalies effort. “He should never have been put in this position,” Cox told the team. “We cant be mad at him.” 
Last December, the rhythmic thunk of soccer balls ricocheting around the Elsik practice field punctuated the thrum of traffic along the nearby Westpark Tollway. It was a couple of weeks before the start of the season, and Cox had broken the team up for a round of silent five-on-five scrimmages, no talking allowed, in order to practice field awareness without giving away information to opponents. The players needed to just know what one another were doing, the way the left hand knows what the right is doing, the way siblings know. (Precisely how Cox teaches them to do that, he said, was a trade secret.)
Nothing gets Cox more worked up than a player making a bad pass or not being situationally aware—say, playing the ball to the left when theres a clearer route forward to the right. “It makes Coach want to pull out his hair, even though he doesnt have hair,” Javier told me. Situational awareness is the heart of Coxs program and a skill that a seasoned player like Javier has mastered—as well as one that, if undeveloped, can keep a gifted but green player like Hector from realizing his potential. Cox doesnt try to suppress players individuality, but he does need it to work in service of the larger system. 
Playing for Cox, Javier said, is intense—“because of the pressure, because its a tradition that you have to uphold. Hell make you a winner, but youre going to have to sacrifice for that. Hell just tear into you one day, and youre like, Man, I was already having a bad day of school.’ ” 
Cox compares Javier to a basketball point guard, because even though he plays mostly in the backfield, Elsiks attacks often originate with him. That versatility, combined with his academic standing, has attracted recruiters from several prestigious universities—Johns Hopkins, UCLA, UNCChapel Hill. But back in December, he hadnt committed to any of them. His heart was set on Stanford.
About halfway through practice that day, a man in his early twenties, dressed in dusty work boots, jeans, and blade-style sunglasses, appeared on the sideline. He nodded at the silent drill happening on the field and said he thought Coach Cox had borrowed it from the English Premier League club Manchester City. “Its like giving them steroids,” he said. “If they can do this, theyre playing with something that other teams dont have.”
The visitor turned out to be Eliaz Zamora, the goalkeeper who saved the 2018 state championship. That game had been his last as a Ram. After high school, he tried to play soccer at Western Texas College, in Snyder, and then at East Texas Baptist University, in Marshall—but neither stuck. “I fell out of love with the game,” he said. Once he left Elsik, he found himself around players with egos, players who bragged about their accomplishments, players who seemed to be in it for themselves more than for the team.
I wondered, did he think that was a difference between high school and college, or was it a difference between Elsik and elsewhere? “Theres always going to be locker room stuff,” he said, “but its different here.” Cox, he said, was that difference. Zamora had decided to leave college and was working on a construction crew for his dad. “Now that Ive got that part of my life figured out, I have some time, and I thought maybe I could help out around here.” He wondered if Cox might have room for him as an assistant at some point.
Thats how family works, Zamora figured. They welcome you back. He was three years out from Elsik, but he was still a Ram. Cox starts a new group chat for each incoming team and keeps the old ones going. That way, the bond between Elsik players lives on after graduation. When someone needs work or finds himself in a jam, another player or a coach is ready to help. When Gafar Dauda, a defender from Nigeria who had graduated in 2013, moved into a new apartment years later, Cox showed up with his pickup and helped lug furniture. 
Zamoras experience echoed something Javier had told me about transferring to Elsik. “Where I used to go to school, I feel like people are not as genuine,” he said. “People were always fronting, trying to flaunt and show what they had. And here its just like, I have nothing. Look at me—this is who I am. You get to see who everybody is. When you look at them, you dont feel played in any way. Youre just like, Thats my friend.’ ” 
![Wren and Asa Marsh at practice.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-practice.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![Wren and Asa Marsh at practice.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-practice.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
Wren and Asa Marsh at practice.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
The first game of the 2022 season, against El Paso Franklin, came on a Thursday in early January, the opener of a weekend-long tournament. (In Texas—as in Florida and California—high school soccer is a spring sport.) The Rams showed up in a yellow school bus, gathered on a practice field, and, a few minutes before kickoff, lined up shoulder to shoulder in two straight rows to enter the stadium. They didnt smile; they didnt clown around or strut. They just walked in quietly, to broadcast the teams discipline—and perhaps to inspire a little fear in their opponents. 
Javier told me he felt hopeful the team could win the state championship this year, even given the question marks hanging over the roster after the past two seasons hardships. He had suited up and agreed to play in the opener, but he was nursing a niggling thigh injury that hed suffered over winter break and knew he wasnt 100 percent. 
Zamir Gonzalez, the star midfielder, was recovering from a strained groin, and Cox was planning to keep him on the bench unless things got desperate. And a couple players simply hadnt returned from winter break, Cox said. It was a type of phone call hes come to expect. “Out of time,” he calls it —when immigration issues or family circumstances pull a player away from the team. *Coach, Im not coming back from Mexico*. A few younger players, including Javiers freshman brother, Jacob, came along to fill in. The fourteen-year-old looked like a child next to the older players, his slender limbs almost flopping around in comparison to the tightly muscled tree trunks that Hector was using to kick goals during warm-ups. 
On the sideline, the Rams linked arms in a circle. Cox gave a brief pep talk, then walked away as the boys began to sway back and forth and their voices began a chant that picked up speed with the groups motion—*uh, uh, uh, uh, ah, ah, ahhhhh!*—until the circle collapsed into a tight cluster of fired-up, shouting teenagers. Javiers voice rose above the rest: “Family on one . . . Family on one! Three, two, one—”
The group shouted back, in unison, “Family!”
After months of anticipation and practice, Elsiks season started without fanfare. Suddenly, the players were connecting on passes, and the ball was moving, mostly in the direction of the Franklin goal. The biggest difference, aside from the crisp blue game uniforms, was Coxs voice on the sideline. In conversation, the coach is soft-spoken and gentle in a way that seems all the more pronounced in contrast to his track stars physique. In practice, he paces, tightly coiled, and calls out poor decisions with a higher level of intensity. And in games, he transforms into the unforgiving drill sergeant Javier described. 
“Whyd you let it *bounce* again?!” “Whyd you *take* so long?” “No foul! No foul!” “Carlos!” “Hector, look! *¡Mira!*
Within five minutes, Elsik was up 10 on a goal by Carlos Benitez, a forward from El Salvador. Ten minutes later, Hector drove in a second goal. Huddled at halftime, Cox told Oumar Berete to stop over-dribbling in the backfield—“Youre trying to do too much! Thats not your position!”—and then addressed the score. “Two-nothing is not good,” he said, his voice now measured. “You make a few mistakes, its a whole different game.” He paused to let the boys absorb the fact that they hadnt put the game away yet. “People have been talking s— about you,” he said. “The only way you prove them wrong is out here on the field.”
Elsik wound up winning 30 on an elegant strike by freshman fill-in Jacob
Ordonez, who arced the ball in from the right sideline, after which his teammates mobbed him. The Rams went on to sweep the tournament, starting the year with four quick wins, two of them close. 
“The boys are learning, and hopefully itll snowball,” Cox told me the following Tuesday. “We made the games tough. They thought it was going to be easier. But it was good for this group to see what its like to be winning.” Hed spent Mondays practice showing them how they looked on 4K video. “Some of the newer arrivals were in shock. Hectors never seen himself on-screen like that, and to be under a microscope in front of twenty of your teammates, its a lot. Oumar is traumatized by some of the balls he thought were good balls. But its a learning curve. I have to be truthful with them, or else we wont improve.”
![The Rams huddle before a game this season.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-huddle.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![The Rams huddle before a game this season.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-huddle.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
The Rams huddle before a game this season.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
There are times when the hurdles life puts in front of his team just break Coxs heart. When a player has to leave town for a bit because his dads been drinking again and its not safe in the house. When a kid shows up for high school who doesnt know his ABCs. When Cox hears about rival coaches speculating that he has recruiting pipelines to Central America and Africa. When he cant procure a decent charter bus to take his boys to the state championship and has to show up in a rattletrap with a broken AC unit—while the Elsik football team whisks off to away games in sleek white coaches with tinted windows. The Rams are hardly a football juggernaut—which makes sense in an area that includes many students who didnt grow up with the sport—but football is a revenue producer that can draw a few thousand paying spectators on Friday nights.
Cox is one of the finest high school coaches in any sport in the state today. He is a mentor to young men who otherwise might not have one. He was a world-class athlete in his own right. And yet there are times when he cant help feeling like a second-class citizen. Sometimes his efforts fall short, and a kid fails out. Sometimes he wonders how much longer he can do this.
And yet he cant bring himself to do anything else. About ten years ago, Hans Kleinschmidt tried to hire Cox as his successor at the Woodlands, one of the premier public high schools in Texas. Cox could have taken over a storied team in a prosperous community full of driven, hardworking kids who expect to succeed. Pretty much everything at the Woodlands is like that, from the robotics club to the choir to the soccer team. “I cant believe Im saying this,” he told Kleinschmidt, “but I cant leave. I think Im building something special here.” 
“I can see that,” Kleinschmidt replied. “Im trying to get you away before you do that.”
He was joking, but he was also right. “Vincenzo saw something in those kids and in that community that fit him and his style perfectly,” Kleinschmidt told me. And today, he knows, it would be even harder for Cox to leave for a similar job in some other community. 
Leroy Burrell thinks his friend might have a shot at coaching college soccer. “I do think he has some aspirations, but its not an easy path,” he told me. “There are very few coaches who can make that leap. Hes talented enough, but there arent that many mens collegiate soccer programs to begin with, and they each have only three coaches.” That Cox would likely have to find a college job in Texas, where hes got some name recognition, makes the universe of possible positions even narrower. 
Not that he has time to dwell on any of that. His workday starts at 7:20 a.m., and hes busy teaching government until 10:58. Then he starts getting ready for soccer. Practice ends around 5 p.m., and then theres homework to grade, game tape to review, college recruiters to deal with, and his teams dirty laundry to clean. Hes still in the Army Reserve and reports to his post for a few days every month in the off-season. Hes active in his church. Whenever he can, he travels to Georgia, where his parents retired. Each summer, he takes a two-week “sabbatical” at home to recharge. “I just sit in and stay,” he said. “I dont have to go anywhere.” 
He lives alone in a four-bedroom, two-story house in Stafford, fifteen minutes south of Elsik. His bedroom is downstairs, and the three upstairs are unoccupied. “I bought it with the hopes of getting married and having kids and a wife,” he told me. “But I dont get a chance to, you know, meet that many new people in my life.”
Cox sometimes wonders if hell ever have kids of his own. “I always say, when you have a child, youre building another human being,” Cox said. “And I get to help peoples building projects when the kids are fourteen or fifteen, but I can only imagine what its like from zero to twelve or thirteen. I dont use the word love a lot around our program. I tell the whole team I love them, or if someones in a bad time, I tell them. But when you look at the root of what were teaching them, its that. When a kid improves in soccer, it builds so much trust to allow them to drop that teenage-pride guard so they can accept criticism and ask for help when theyre vulnerable. And when you see those moments, you dont know exactly how, but itll end up changing someones life.” 
Sometimes the boys will give him advice. *Coach, go to a strip club. Coach, go meet somebody at a bar.* He hasnt taken those suggestions, but he appreciates the sentiment. “I want my own wife. I want my own human building project,” he said. “I want that. I dont know—I hope its in my cards.”
![Elsiks JP Buitrago looking to pass during a home game against Shadow Creek.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-game.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)![Elsiks JP Buitrago looking to pass during a home game against Shadow Creek.](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2022/04/ALIEF-elsik-soccer-team-game.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=scale&fm=pjpg&h=640&ixlib=php-1.2.1&q=45&w=1024&wpsize=large)
Elsiks JP Buitrago looks to pass during a home game against Shadow Creek.Photograph by Arturo Olmos
The night of January 25 brought the kind of damp cold that sneaks into your bones and, if you dont do something about it quickly, stays there. It was the night of the first district game of the season, against Alvin, a majority-Hispanic school halfway between Houston and Galveston. With Elsiks next-door rival Hastings using the districts eight-
thousand-seat stadium for its home soccer game that evening, the Rams played on a smaller auxiliary field, where a broken floodlight array left a quarter of the pitch blanketed in darkness. Cox prefers the big field, which favors the Rams passing game. The shorter and narrower dimensions of the secondary surface would dull the impact of Elsiks careful spacing.
Elsik was 60 coming into the game, although the wins hadnt all looked easy. Still, according to Prepsoccer.net, the Rams were good enough to be ranked third in the nation, behind two other Texas teams, El Paso Eastlake and McKinney Boyd. “In the past, Elsik won with offense,” the websites blurb read. “This year, so far, its been the defense. Last week, the Rams edged Northbrook 10 and pinned a 30 defeat on Stratford. In Elsiks last three matches, five goals have been enough to extend the perfect start.”
Cox doesnt put much stock in rankings, especially the national ones with fuzzy methodology. But he wants the boys to win, and he asked them early in the season what their goals were. They wanted to go undefeated all the way to a state title, they told him. The Alvin Yellowjackets, with a 271 record, were by far the inferior team, but Cox has found that everyone brings a little something extra against Elsik. 
The game started with a bang, as the Rams got two shots off in the opening minutes, but then, almost out of nowhere, an Alvin player caught the Rams defense slacking and placed a shot perfectly in the upper left corner of the goal, the kind of one-in-fifty strike that cant be stopped once its on its way. Elsik 0, Alvin 1. 
Cox was beside himself. Teams with losing records dont score on the Rams—certainly not on Elsiks home field, in the district opener, and when it puts them *behind*. “Oh my *gosh,* man!” the coach yelled, drawing out the “gosh,” his voice hoarse, his veins popping. “I cant believe that!” 
A minute later, with Cox still pacing and yelling, Hector took a pass and charged right up the middle, his quads pumping and his body hunkering down like a cartoon race car flooring the gas into the final stretch—Lightning McQueen in soccer shorts. He transferred that momentum to the ball, which slammed into the net left of the goalie. The game was tied, thanks to sheer, overwhelming force. 
From that point on, the Rams controlled the ball almost entirely. Alvin would make occasional, opportunistic runs at the goal, but Elsik defenders would put a stop to that before anyone got a shot off. Meanwhile, the Rams swung the ball around the backfield, passing it left, center, right, center, until a lane opened to Zamir in the midfield, who would pivot and send the ball up the sideline, where a teammate could run it down and cross it to Hector charging up the middle. 
Elsik took shot after shot like that and dominated possession time. Yet on the sideline, Cox grew increasingly irate. No one escaped his wrath. “What are you waiting for?!” hed shout when someone held the ball a second too long. “What are you thinking?!” when someone passed into traffic instead of to an open player. “Oh man! Oh man!” when a player should have passed instead of shooting.
A couple of minutes into the second half, an Elsik defender scored on a header the one time a play took him far upfield. Hector kept breaking through for chances in front of the goal, but his shots either missed wide or got stopped. With a few minutes left, Elsik led 21 and appeared headed toward another hard-fought win over a team theyd expected to blow out. 
Then, with less than three minutes to play, Alvin got a free kick right outside the Elsik goal box, and although goalie Luis Hernandez got a hand on the ball, an Alvin player was able to tap in the rebound. Elsik scrambled together two more runs on goal, but both were hectic, failed campaigns. The game ended in a 22 tie. 
To look at every statistic but points, the Rams crushed their opponent. They attempted a staggering 53 shots to Alvins 6. Thats more shots than the Elsik basketball team put up the same night. They completed 543 passes to Alvins 170. The problem, Cox told me later, was shot selection. Taking care not to single out Hector, he lamented “wasted chances” and how hard it can be to get kids to listen. “It would be like if someone had a chance to put in an easy layup and they tried a roundhouse dunk instead. You dont get any extra points for that! Just go ahead and put it in.” 
I pointed out that the 2018 championship team had two ties in its undefeated season. “Yes. Yes,” he said. “But I was always hoping for the *one*. Every coach has goals.” He couldnt bring himself to say it outright. He wants the perfect season—no ties, maybe even no points allowed. He walked back to the locker room, where he told the team the only way theyd meet their goal for the season was one pass at a time.
The Alvin tie dropped Elsik to sixth in the national rankings, but the Rams went on to win their next five games, including a pair of 51 drubbings on away fields in Pearland. Meanwhile, Stanford passed on Javier, who eventually chose to attend Johns Hopkins. Wren Marsh, one of the teams top defenders, committed to play at Howard University, while Cox got busy helping seniors Zamir Gonzalez and Toliat Ajuwon pursue spots at other schools, likely local junior colleges that have come to see Elsik as a gold mine of talent. 
Halfway through February, the Rams logged another disappointing tie, this time against archrival Strake Jesuit, a wealthy private school just five miles east of Alief but a world away. Elsik led 10 for most of the game, but in the final ten minutes, Strake scored after one of its players got away with an apparent handball. Two Elsik players ended the game with red cards after protesting to the ref. 
Later that week, the Rams were scheduled to rematch Alvin on the road. Two days before the game, Cox got word that his mother was gravely ill. He caught the next flight to Augusta, Georgia, leaving assistant coach Brian Meza in charge of the team. During a layover in Charlotte, he learned that his mother had died. Her health had been declining, and he had known this was coming, just not so suddenly. As he wept in the airport and strangers asked him if they could help, his thoughts turned briefly to the Rams, and he realized he would miss an Elsik game for the first time since hed arrived there. 
Meza decided not to try to inspire the players with a rousing speech about winning one for their coach. He didnt share what was going on, other than that Cox was dealing with a family matter, because he didnt want players flooding the coach with text messages while he was making funeral arrangements. Instead, Meza told them to block out the noise and focus on this one game. The kids had figured out what was going on anyway. Even the Alvin team knew; their coach sent flowers to Cox. 
Elsik won 80. It could have been 150. About halfway through the second half, the Alvin players essentially stopped trying. For the final twenty minutes, Elsik played keep-away at midfield. It looked like a practice drill, everyone spaced just so, the ball pinging crisply from player to player as seconds ticked off the game clock. 
Hector started on the bench and subbed in shortly after halftime. He scored almost immediately and followed his first goal with a second in quick succession, but by then the game was already over. Meza played down Hectors reduced role—there were simply more experienced teammates ahead of him in the lineup, the coach said—but it looked as if one of the teams great hopes for the year had been demoted. 
Then again, maybe less reliance on raw talent was a sign of the strength of Coxs system. As the team jelled, it could afford to take some pressure off Hector and offer him more time to learn Elsiks style of play. After just a couple of months, he was already a better passer, and he was spotting his mistakes on video. His attitude had begun to shift too. “He comes from a tough background, and his instinct is to protect himself first,” Meza said. But now he also looks out for his teammates.
By early March, as the regular season ended, the Rams were 1802 and fourth in the national rankings. They avenged the tie with Strake Jesuit in the final game, winning 10. By then, Cox had returned from Georgia, after two weeks of grieving and helping his father adjust. He told me that Elsiks playoff fate would come down to that old sports truism: Theyd take it one game at a time. Or one shot at a time; one pass at a time; one silent, automatic field-position adjustment at a time. 
Which they did, winning their first-round matchup against Clear Creek 32. The second-round game, at home against Pasadena, remained a scoreless tie through overtime and would be decided by penalty kicks. Thats where the Pasadena goalie cut short the Rams title hopes with a leaping save that dealt Elsik its first loss in Alief since 2017. Back in the locker room, Cox reminded the boys to hold their heads high and stay focused on schoolwork, now that the season had ended.
Looking forward to 2023 and beyond, Cox knew that recent arrivals would keep flowing from the rest of the world into this Houston neighborhood. He knew Marlene Acuña would send along more prospects from her office to the hallway outside his classroom. Javiers freshman brother would graduate to varsity. Hector would probably find his groove and become the unstoppable force Cox knew he could be. And the Elsik wins would continue to pile up. Maybe the state titles too, and someday perhaps even that perfect season—as long as there was someone around to recognize the treasure hidden in plain sight in Alief.
*This article originally appeared in the May 2022 issue of* Texas Monthly *with the headline “H-Town United.”* [*Subscribe today*](https://www.texasmonthly.com/subscribe/?ref=end-article)*.*
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# Meet the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History
[](https://www.thecity.nyc/)
![Former Amazon worker Christian Smalls has been organizing workers at two Staten Island fulfillment centers, March 3, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/qjYF3DojkKI-eD6VCu58Tyen_dY=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x675/filters:focal(2072x551:2552x1031)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/70669323/030322_amazon_christian_1.0.jpg)
Former Amazon worker Christian Smalls has been organizing workers at two Staten Island fulfillment centers, March 3, 2022.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
Filed under:
- [Staten Island](https://www.thecity.nyc/staten-island)
## Meet Christian Smalls and Derrick Palmer, the DIY Duo Behind the Amazon Labor Unions Guerrilla Bid to Make History
Workers begin voting Friday at the warehouse in Staten Island where packages from the online retail behemoth get packed for New York City customers, culminating an organizing drive by upstarts from their ranks.
By Mar 24, 2022, 8:53pm EDT
Starting Friday, thousands of Amazon workers will vote on whether to unionize, the culmination of an intensely watched campaign that has taken on out-sized implications for the future of all of the companys burgeoning warehouse workforce.
At the center of this battle, in the wetlands of Staten Island, is an MTA bus stop that lately resembles a high school letting loose at final bell.
There, Christian Smalls intercepts mostly teens and twenty-somethings in backpacks, jeans and athleisure as they wait for the S40 or S90 bus, the lifeline bringing workers to and from the vast LDJ5 Amazon sorting center and the JFK8 fulfillment center. Between the two, some 9,500 employees spend shifts pulling, packing and shipping items to shoppers in the city.
The bus stop has become the nerve center for current and former Amazon employees who are attempting to organize the companys first labor union, after an effort in Alabama last year [fell short](https://www.al.com/news/2021/04/amazon-union-efforts-in-alabama-fail-what-theyre-saying-nationally.html).
Last Tuesday, Smalls rolled up to the bus stop in the black Chevrolet Suburban hes essentially been living in since the Amazon Labor Union organizing drive started, in tie-dye yellow Nike sweatpants, a yellow hoodie and an electric blue ALU shirt over it, perfectly coordinating with his Nike Air Max 270 React ENG sneakers.
He had just come from a court appearance, after being accused of [trespassing and resisting arrest](https://www.reuters.com/business/amazon-labor-organizer-smalls-arrested-faces-trespass-charge-after-dropping-off-2022-02-24/) last month on Amazon property across the street.
![Staten Island Amazon worker Denise Russo says she hopes a union will help advocate for shuttle service since she spends upwards of four hours roundtrip commuting from Bay Ridge, March 15, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/SMoqAm387PfO8a36nCwQWYMoAqY=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23324443/031522_amazon_workers_1.jpg)
Smalls handed out shirts as workers waited for their bus.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
He spends the bulk of his days at the bus stop chatting with workers. Some greet Smalls like an old friend as he distributes shirts or reassures workers that he will swap out the propane tank of a heat lamp.
The barren roadway cutting in between the two massive warehouses shows scars from workers struggles. Sun-faded prayer candles commemorate a 24-year-old Washington Heights woman who worked at JFK8, [killed by a driver](https://www.silive.com/news/2021/11/amazon-worker-24-fatally-struck-by-unlicensed-driver-outside-staten-island-facility-source.html) in November as she crossed the street during her near-midnight [lunch break](https://twitter.com/amazonlabor/status/1462599886222897153?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw).
![Staten Island Amazon workers placed a memorial for a colleague who was fatally struck by a vehicle, March 3, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/wfkU3tb2b4P_qebb0JSs44Ip6T8=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23324400/030322_amazon_workers_3.jpg)
The memorial stood under the bus shelter.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
A barbed-wire topped fence around the sorting facility, lined with dense green mesh, went up in the spring of 2020, after some workers — including Smalls — [staged a protest](https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/30/21199942/amazon-warehouse-coronavirus-covid-new-york-protest-walkout) because the company failed to notify them that some of their colleagues tested positive for COVID-19.
Then came the scaffolding late last year, obstructing the view of the area around the bus stop from both LDJ5 and JFK8, as well as the fence, which Smalls and other organizers had festooned with ribbons that said “ALU.”
![Workers leave Amazons LDJ5 warehouse on Staten Island, March 3, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/pwp1kngGYxDA8wEoPyh1ftdI75I=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23324367/030322_amazon_workers_6.jpg)
Workers finished shifts at the LDJ5 warehouse.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
“Its like they do all of these things to intimidate people,” said Smalls, a 33-year-old former Amazon supervisor at JFK8 who was [fired in the spring of 2020](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/nyregion/coronavirus-nyc-chris-smalls-amazon.html) for allegedly breaking safety guidelines following the COVID-safety protest.
## TikTok Union Hall
Along with his friend Derrick Palmer, who works at the JFK8 sorting facility, Smalls and a handful of others are now leading the efforts of the [Amazon Labor Union,](https://www.amazonlaborunion.org/) an independent group made up of current and former Amazon workers at the Staten Island facility.
Theyre seeking a [$30-an-hour minimum wage](https://www.amazonlaborunion.org/demands/) and better working conditions, including two paid 30-minute breaks and an hour-long paid lunch break, along with transparent promotion policies.
The Alabama unionization vote last year fell short after Amazon characterized the campaign, which involved the Retail, Wholesale & Department Store Union**,** as the work of outside interlopers. That line of attack has no traction with the organizers of the grassroots Staten Island campaign.
Tall and slender, with a short cropped beard, Smalls is eerily calm about the union vote that runs through Wednesday at the JFK8 fulfillment center.
“Ive been dealing with this machine for so many years, almost seven years now,” he said. “If youre stressed out and on edge, youre gonna make the wrong decisions. So you just gotta keep the cool, calm and collected route,” he said in an interview earlier this month.
Smalls, who lives in Newark, cuts an unlikely figure for a union boss. His black ALU stamped face mask slipped as he talked with THE CITY earlier this month, revealing a set of gold grills. Hes got tattoos on his neck — “Daniel,” his middle name, is on one side, and a music scale with some notes on the other. Hes lost count of how many tattoos he has, but its “quite a few, my kids names and stuff now. Its a lot different now. Now I have a reason to get them.”
![Christian Smalls had a burgeoning music career before he started working for Amazon on Staten Island, March 3, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/r7elZHEUvf2fVHec14O4rCUcQis=/0x0:2000x3000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2000x3000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23324345/030322_amazon_christian_3.jpg)
Christian Smalls had a burgeoning music career before he started working for Amazon.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
Smalls added: “We have a pact right right now. If we win we all gotta get some ALU tattoos.”
When he first emerged as a leader of the 2020 COVID safety protests, Amazon management attempted to use his street-casual demeanor as a way to discredit him.
In a [leaked memo of a meeting](https://www.vice.com/en/article/5dm8bx/leaked-amazon-memo-details-plan-to-smear-fired-warehouse-organizer-hes-not-smart-or-articulate), Amazon executives, including CEO Jeff Bezos, said Smalls was “not smart, or articulate,” and sought to create a media narrative around Smalls to make him “the face of the entire union/organizing movement.”
The memo sparked something in Smalls, who in reality is soft spoken and meticulous about his words.
“Ironically, he said to make me the face of the whole unionizing effort, so I said, OK, thats a good idea.’”
Many of the employees look more like Smalls — largely young, Black, Latino, working class and urban — than Bezos, [the second richest person in the world](https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/jeffrey-p-bezos/) with a net worth of $186 billion.
![The Amazon Labor Union found creative ways to advertise outside an Amazon fulfillment center on Staten Island, March 15, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9POvAncv0ZB5hj8KNj4lDvXpy3s=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23324418/031522_amazon_alu_sign.jpg)
The Amazon Labor Union found creative ways to advertise.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
Amazon did not respond to questions about the warehouse demographics, but according to workers, the vast majority of employees on the Staten Island facilities are people of color.
“This is Gen Z,” Smalls says laughing.
And so social media suffuses the organizing campaign. Smalls turned to Twitter when the budding union drive needed a labor lawyer — and found it in Seth Goldstein, who remains the unions pro bono attorney.
> Any Union labor lawyers in NY that can assist [@amazonlabor](https://twitter.com/amazonlabor?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw) please contact me ASAP! were ready to go! ✊ Chrismalls21@gmail.com
>
> — Christian Smalls (@Shut\_downAmazon) [April 15, 2021](https://twitter.com/Shut_downAmazon/status/1382763032498028544?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
To raise money as well as their profile, organizers have turned to TikTok, sharing behind-the-scenes video glimpses of the labor behind a largely mindless Amazon purchase that takes 45 seconds for a consumer to complete.
The @amazonlaborunion TikTok account, with nearly 43,000 followers, remixes the grim adversity of the workers battles against authorities with the empowerment and DIY ethos of their scrappy self-organized campaign. A recent video that showed [ALU members being arrested](https://vm.tiktok.com/ZTd5RQ2me/?k=1) for trespassing, resisting arrest and obstructing governmental administration, followed by shots of a “peoples bodega” supplying free hats and books, set to a rap “Nutcracker” number.
Other TikTok [accounts](https://vm.tiktok.com/ZTdPqS82w/?k=1) have cropped up showing Amazon workers [putting together packages](https://vm.tiktok.com/TTPdPqrFHN/?k=1) and [taping them up](https://vm.tiktok.com/TTPdPqBDCG/?k=1), generating hundreds of thousands of views. Some commenters find them oddly satisfying videos of products being placed meticulously into a box like pieces of a puzzle. For others, its a glimpse into 10- and 12-hour shifts of monotonous tasks in a gig that starts at $17 an hour in Staten Island.
The union organizers have entered the TikTok stream with their own glimpses inside their warehouse fortress — and scenes of them chipping away at the companys rigid structures with their own defiant mini acts of power-building.
![Workers at Amazons LDJ5 fulfillment center collected enough signatures for a second union vote at a Staten Island warehouse, March 3, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-toVoOlbW9ZKDUaZlEWcLwWYqmk=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23324365/030322_amazon_workers_2.jpg)
Workers at Amazons LDJ5 fulfillment center collected enough signatures to hold its own upcoming unionization vote.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
In one video captioned [“okay now were taking over breakrooms,”](https://www.tiktok.com/@amazonlaborunion/video/7060263809675545903?_t=8QpPTQVlfpr&source=h5_m&_r=1) ALU members distribute pizza and union pamphlets inside a warren of plastic-curtained cubbies. Other videos highlight the ironies that pervade the warehouses, like a TV in the warehouse that played the “I Have a Dream” speech on Martin Luther King Day as conveyor belts carrying products [whizzed by](https://vm.tiktok.com/ZTdPVKnhG/?k=1) in the background.
The level of public exposure for a union organizing campaign is “pretty unusual,” said Joshua Freeman, a history professor at the CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies.
That social media connection creates an “interpersonal directness” that connects consumers to the people behind their orders, Freeman noted. “Its an exceptional thing in this day in age where work is hidden and the process of labor that creates the world we live in.”
But the rare behind-the-scenes glimpses may be short lived. Prior to the pandemic, Amazon required workers to keep their phones in their lockers during the work day, a policy that changed when COVID hit and workers needed to be in frequent contact with loved ones outside.
But Amazon plans to reinstate the no phone policy next month, according to Palmer, whos vice president of organizing for the ALU.
Among the workers demands is that they continue to have access to their phones.
In an email, company spokesperson Kelly Nantel said that “employees are allowed to have their cell phones with them” but did not state whether that policy is coming to an end.
“As a company, we dont think unions are the best answer for our employees. Our focus remains on working directly with our team to continue making Amazon a great place to work,” Nantel said.
## Generational Shift
Unlike previous generations that recall when President Ronald Reagan [fired more than 11,000 air traffic controllers](https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/reagan-fires-11359-air-traffic-controllers) for striking in 1981, Millennials and Gen Z werent alive for that event and dont have the lingering trauma and fear of organizing, said Maria Figueroa, dean of the Harry Van Arsdale Jr. School of Labor Studies at SUNY Empire State College.
“That had a chilling effect on unionization,” Figueroa said.
In the years to come, unions were largely viewed as an “exclusive organization” that fostered “a lot of resentment” because union jobs were out of reach for most young people.
“They didnt see unions as a vehicle to improve their work conditions but more as barriers because they couldnt join unions, especially in industries like construction and in the arts and entertainment industry, ” she said.
![The Amazon Labor Union provided a propane heater at a bus stop for workers at Staten Island warehouses, March 3, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ppP4CYejnoJ-4BkLcOFFrfoZcug=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23343711/030322_amazon_workers_4.jpg)
The Amazon Labor Union provided a propane heater for workers.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
Recent high-profile organizing — from Amazon workers in Alabama and New York to [Chipotle employees](https://www.eater.com/22823035/union-organizing-fast-food-chains-chipotle), [Starbucks baristas](https://www.eater.com/22925565/starbucks-union-wave-explained) and [retail workers at REI](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/business/rei-union-new-york.html) — reflects the “slow but steady escalation” of dissatisfaction with the growing economic inequality, said Wilma Liebman, a former chair of the National Labor Relations Board during the Obama administration.
“I think it became obvious even before the pandemic that a lot of workers were fed up,” she said in an interview with THE CITY. “They had wage stagnation for decades. They had precarious jobs, many of them with very unpredictable schedules, difficult working conditions.”
All of those issues were compounded by the pandemic, when businesses shuttered their doors to curb the spread of the virus, white collar workers took to working from home and only those deemed “essential workers” continued to work in-person as COVID cases and deaths mounted.
“The attention that the plight of essential workers got and the harsh realities of their lives, really, I think, put this very much in the public eye,” said Liebman.
The sudden media attention to essential workers toiling through a deadly virus to work propelled their largely unthought of labor into the forefront of the American consciousness and now “you cant go back to the usual,” said Freeman.
Its a “refusal to be erased,” he added.
## Life Happened
For Smalls, organizing wasnt something he thought hed find himself doing. His mother, an administrative assistant at Beth Israel Hospital on Manhattans East Side, is an 1199 SEIU member, but that was about the extent of unionization that he knew about.
Instead, he envisioned himself in music, going to college in Florida with a budding rapping career.
“I guess you could say I was an organizer because I always had to organize my own shows, my own showcases,” Smalls recalls. He had “really good buzz at one point” and would travel in the same circles as some big-name rappers like Harlems A$AP Rocky and run into Drake and Kanye West at clubs and shows.
But then life happened. In his early 20s, Smalls was about to become a father — to twins.
“I couldve possibly really, really made it if I pursued \[music\]. But I just felt like, as an independent artist, you know, you come out of your own pocket and just wasnt suiting me at the time being a family man, so I jumped back into the workforce,” he said.
![Amazon union organizer Christian Smalls helped to phone bank workers at Unite Heres Manhattan office, March 18, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/PQSOcd_QgxnzaKUV0AaF9yBCjfk=/0x0:3000x1996/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1996):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23343789/03.18.2022_38.jpg)
Smalls helped to phone bank workers at UNITE HEREs Manhattan office.
Hiram Alejandro Durán/ THE CITY
He worked at a grocery distribution warehouse as a Teamster on the graveyard shift selecting orders that would go on pallets and eventually end up on grocery store shelves, as well as at Home Depot and Walmart.
Smalls started working for Amazon in 2015 after his mother learned that a fulfillment center — EWR9 — was slated to open in Carteret, N.J., and “pretty much did half of the application” for him.
He started as an entry level tier one warehouse associate as a “picker,” known in Amazon parlance “an outbound PCS” where he would pick out a customers items. Back then, working at Amazon was “way less stressful” and the productivity requirements werent as high, he said.
He partially blames himself for the workload increase. Whereas it was the standard to pick out 250 items an hour, Smalls was pulling in 400 customer items in 2015, which he says has now become the norm. An Amazon representative did not respond to questions about the production metrics.
In 2017, he left New Jersey to work at a newly opened Amazon facility in Connecticut, BDL2, where Smalls says he witnessed systemic racism.
“I applied to be a manager 49 times and I only got interviewed twice. And then I realized that there wasnt the same opportunities for me and other minorities,” he told THE CITY.
He was fired for allegedly stealing two minutes of company time, which he attributes to “human error” for punching in his work time incorrectly by two minutes.
Smalls was reinstated within a matter of weeks after appealing the companys decision. Around the same time in 2018, a new fulfillment center was slated to open closer to home on Staten Island, JFK8.
Smalls started out working on 12-hour overnight shifts three days before moving to daytime, where he worked 10 hour days four days a week, labor that involved him being on his feet the bulk of the time. It isnt out of the ordinary for workers to walk 30 miles a day at JFK8, he recounted, a 855,000-square foot facility.
It didnt matter what shoes hed wear — after a while “they all start to feel like bricks.”
## Stand Your Ground
It was at JFK8 where Palmer, the inside man of the ALUs organizing at JFK8, met Smalls and the pair “kicked it off.”
Slight but muscular, Palmer is the yin to Smalls yang.
![Amazon organizers Christian Smalls and Derrick Palmer share a moment of levity, March 15, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/p8I33EvTJKPlbxaOtapKWNpVAY4=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23343756/031522_amazon_smalls_palmer.jpg)
Christian Smalls and Derrick Palmer shared a moment of levity.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
He dresses much more simply, but still matches his own Nike Air Max Plus Hyper Blue 2018 to his ALU shirt. His facial expressions are soft and childlike, betraying his 33 years. He talks with the clarity and fluidity of a champion high school debater. And whereas Smalls exudes elusiveness, Palmer is warm and affable.
Smalls had been Palmers supervisor and their team, which had Black men at the management helm, were number one when it came to production, Palmer recounted.
Like Smalls, Palmer also found out about working at Amazon through his mother. He started six years ago in New Jersey counting product inventory. He then became an company “ambassador” training new employees in picking and counting.
Growing up in Piscataway, N.J., where several local high school alums made their way into the NFL, Palmer gave football a run but realized it wasnt for him.
![Amazon worker Derrick Palmer has been helping to organize colleagues on Staten Island, March 15, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/G9ighjm9gnuPPqwEuLWiw5rNCPw=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23343770/031522_amazon_palmer_1.jpg)
Palmer has organized both inside and outside the warehouse.
Ben Fractenberg/THE CITY
Raised by a single mother who works doing labeling for a pharmaceutical company, she enrolled Palmer into theater camp growing up to keep him “active,” he recalled.
“She always made sure that I kept a straight head, you know what I mean? She always told me to stand my ground and dont let anyone intimidate you,” Palmer said.
He took a liking to theater and aspired to become an actor, favoring Samuel L. Jackson, Denzel Washington and Michael B. Jordan, who he points out is also from New Jersey.
Palmers mantra to stand his ground was quickly put to the test.
Five minutes into THE CITYs interview with Palmer on the benches of the bus stop last week, a representative from the Matrix Development Group, the owners of the property the Amazon facilities sit on, threatened to “haul away” a heating lamp that the ALU placed at the MTA bus stop in February to keep workers warm while they wait for the bus.
The employee, who identified himself as David Figueroa, claimed that the lamp couldnt be there because it was private property and a “hazard.”
“Why hasnt anyone removed it? How come when the cops came here no one said anything? How come the cops even told us that its public property here and the bus area over there,” Palmer said coolly pointing at another area down the street.
Matrix did not respond to requests for comment.
Dealing with constant confrontation is just a matter of everyday life as organizing has intensified leading up to the vote, said Palmer.
“Thats just how I am. I know how to stand my ground and thats part of the reason weve been so successful, you know, connecting with workers on a daily basis even when Im not working,” Palmer told THE CITY. “Just staying engaged, because any other person probably would have gotten scared.”
The heat lamp, with “ALU” written in black duct tape, remains at the bus stop.
## Calling Every Worker
Palmer wasnt fired for staging the protest against Amazons COVID policies two years ago. Hes unsure why he didnt meet the same fate as several of his colleagues who were sacked, instead receiving a “final write-up.”
“They got a lot of heat for doing it to Chris and with the memo and everything. I guess they were like, We dont want to do *two* African American workers. Thats gonna look like we targeted African Americans,’” he said.
![Amazon worker and union organizer Derrick Palmer phone banks in Manhattan ahead of the Staten Island warehouse vote, March 18, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Mv6xXBvUwvoIAC5FgIjUARJM_v8=/0x0:2994x1996/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:2994x1996):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23333639/031822_49_palmer.jpg)
Palmer phone banked in Manhattan ahead of the vote.
Hiram Alejandro Durán/ THE CITY
While Smalls spends the bulk of his days outside of JFK8 or at the bus stop, Palmer continues to work inside the four-story building, talking to workers and stationing himself in the breakroom during his free time to gauge support when hes not working in the packing department. There, for 10 hours a day, four days a week, he toggles through totes containing items of customer orders and places them in boxes that get sent to the shipping department.
Both men, and a handful of other organizers, have spent recent weeks hitting the phones, making calls to every JFK8 worker who is eligible to vote in the upcoming union election — roughly 6,000 employees.
Some of the workers reached by phone have asked to meet the organizers in person to discuss the unionization effort. For those workers who have questions, they typically center around union dues and how they work, Smalls said.
“Once we answer their questions, theyre easy to flip because they understand that Amazon is giving them false information,” he said in a phone interview Tuesday.
As of earlier this week, their internal tally had them with 67% of workers saying they plan to vote in favor of unionization, with 20% opposed and the remainder still on the fence, Palmer told THE CITY Monday.
## Help From the Outside
The two-year anniversary of the COVID safety protest comes as voting to unionize workers at JFK8 approaches its close on March 30.
If the majority of eligible workers vote to unionize, the National Labor Relations Board certifies the organization and the union can begin to collectively bargain with the employer.
Late last week, the NLRB gave the green light to hold another union election at LDJ5 sorting facility across the street from JFK8 starting April 25.
Unlike the Amazon workers trying to organize in Bessemer, Ala., who are backed by the RWDSU, ALU is going at it alone, powered by [GoFundMe](https://www.gofundme.com/f/the-amazon-labor-union-solidarity-fund?utm_source=customer&utm_medium=copy_link_all&utm_campaign=p_cp+share-sheet) donations, volunteers and pro bono assistance from other organizations.
RWDSUs [initial organizing effort](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/amazon-crushed-union-threat-alabama_n_60746e5ce4b01e304234929d) in Bessemer last spring ended in crushing defeat with workers voting to reject unionization 1,798 to 738. Labor watchers have debated the reasons why, from Amazons well-funded union avoidance campaign and captive audience meetings, to strategic blunders from the union, including a lack of highly visible pro-union champions.
But Alabama organizers are getting a second chance after federal labor officials found that [Amazon interfered](https://apps.nlrb.gov/link/document.aspx/09031d458350f488) with the election, tainting the vote. The deadline for ballots in Bessemer falls on Friday, the same day JFK8s voting begins.
Organizers in New York who went to Alabama last year say they learned from the initial organizing failure, seeing some “missed opportunities” that cemented their desire to go at it alone rather than partner with an already established union.
“We felt that going the independent route, starting something brand new and worker-led would be the better way to organize Amazon because we know the company,” Smalls said.
Traditional unions, Smalls argued, are “disconnected” from more innovative styles of organizing.
“They like to organize differently than what were doing. Were more out there. Youre not going to find another union president that camps out for 10 months,” he added.
Still, the ALU has had some help from the outside.
UNITE HERE, a labor union representing airport, hotel and food service workers, has provided the ALU office space where they can phonebank and take meetings, according to Palmer. The United Food and Commercial Workers International (UFCW), which largely represents workers in the grocery and food processing and packing industry, is chipping in organizers. Eric Millner, a Long Island lawyer who has worked with UFCW in the past, is assisting the Amazon Labor Union on legal matters before the NLRB.
![Brima Sylla helped the phone bank push to Amazon Staten Island workers, March 18, 2022.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/nTL4sR80McMpFgtujV_fzDbZXfA=/0x0:3000x1996/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x1996):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23343778/03.18.2022_44.jpg)
Brima Sylla helped to phone bank.
Hiram Alejandro Durán/ THE CITY
“Other campaigns, they have $4, $5, $6 million on campaigning. We dont have that. We spent less than $100,000. I have a week-to-week budget,” Smalls says.
The money has gone toward food for workers, propane to fire up the heat lamp, gas and t-shirts. Until a few months ago, the ALU had a tent set up outside of JFK8 where it was distributing breakfast and lunch to incoming and outgoing workers.
“The most we can buy at a time is a couple hundred shirts that cost about $2,000 or $3,000. We spent every single penny we had this week just to get us to the next week,” Smalls said.
Smalls says the ALU is already eyeing organizing different buildings on the Staten Island complex that handle deliveries, and hinted that other Amazon workers around the country have enlisted their help, but for now the focus remains on the looming vote and Amazon is coming out with guns blazing.
## Vote No
In recent weeks, Amazon has been ratcheting up the anti-union messaging at JFK8, erecting 10-foot-tall lime green and orange [banners](https://vm.tiktok.com/ZTdPpkd9G/?k=1) and launching a [website](https://www.unpackjfk8.com/unionfacts/#block-caa75241ac139189ca53) to dissuade workers from voting in favor of the Amazon Labor Union, as well as a [social media campaign](https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/?active_status=all&ad_type=all&country=US&view_all_page_id=111412531469838&sort_data%5Bdirection%5D=desc&sort_data%5Bmode%5D=relevancy_monthly_grouped&search_type=page&media_type=all).
Recently, Amazon installed more TV screens in the facility, Palmer said, displaying a QR code that leads to the anti-union website. That site includes directives to workers that they shouldnt enter the tent outside the facility before the voting begins on Friday and the words “your workplace. Your choice. Vote no” on the bottom.
![Amazon placed anti-union signs throughout a Staten Island fulfillment center.](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ajHFk4FGtlQWzBSeAl_uFzkiAeg=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x0/filters:focal(0x0:3000x2000):no_upscale()/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/23326913/amazon_union_sign_1.jpg)
Amazon placed anti-union signs throughout a Staten Island fulfillment center.
Obtained by THE CITY
Company flyers taped to bathroom stalls and placed on the tables in the breakroom relay messages about the “realities of union dues,” while posters display orange humanoid figurines standing in line with the phrase “will I have to wait in line for a promotion?”
On Monday, some workers were seen in navy blue shirts that simply stated: “Vote No.”
In an audio recording of a meeting last Tuesday at JFK8 obtained by THE CITY, an Amazon workforce staffing manager, alongside an employee relations manager, presented slides to associates on the “reality of dues and the subject of union life.”
“A union contract could leave you with the same things you have now, like vacation time, paid parental leave, wages, health benefits, 401K for injuries and resources for living. Or it could give you more or less than what you have right now,” said the workforce manager.
“It is important to remember that negotiations are always a give and take. To give something you need to give up something,” he added.
The so-called captive audience anti-union meetings — which also occurred in Bessemer — have been happening daily for weeks and are labeled as mandatory training for workers, Palmer and Smalls said. Every 15 minutes, Amazon sends a message to different departments telling workers to head downstairs for the meeting, according to Smalls.
Nantel, the Amazon spokesperson, did not directly answer claims that the meetings are mandatory, stating, “Its our employees choice whether or not to join a union. It always has been. If the union vote passes, it will impact everyone at the site which is why we host regular informational sessions and provide employees the opportunity to ask questions and learn about what this could mean for them and their day-to-day life working at Amazon.”
An [Amazon-backed website](https://www.unpackjfk8.com/) underscores the company message that the ALU “has no experience representing any associates, anywhere” and has “never negotiated a union contract anywhere.”
Smalls and Palmer recognize the David and Goliath battle ahead of them. But they say their movement transcends Staten Island — and even Amazon.
“This has always been bigger than myself, bigger than a handful of us,” said Smalls.
“The goal is to get everyone else involved as well because they have the voice. We want workers to step out like we stepped out and do the same thing so they can carry out our tradition that we started,” Palmer said.
“Ultimately, just inspiring them to just go for whatever they want in life. This is bigger than Amazon. Workers are literally scared to do anything. Just to speak up and just go for it.”
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# The Making of Vladimir Putin
![President Vladimir Putin during a New York Times interview in 2003.](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/03/27/world/27putin-p1/merlin_54786172_175f1038-cccc-4f09-b542-36ab8c31ecfd-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale)
Credit...James Hill for The New York Times
Tracing Putins 22-year slide from statesman to tyrant.
President Vladimir Putin during a New York Times interview in 2003.Credit...James Hill for The New York Times
- Published March 26, 2022Updated March 28, 2022
PARIS — Speaking in what he called “the language of Goethe, Schiller and Kant,” picked up during his time as a K.G.B. officer in Dresden, President Vladimir V. Putin addressed the German Parliament on Sept. 25, 2001. “Russia is a friendly European nation,” he declared. “Stable peace on the continent is a paramount goal for our nation.”
The Russian leader, elected the previous year at the age of 47 after a meteoric rise from obscurity, went on to describe “democratic rights and freedoms” as the “key goal of Russias domestic policy.” Members of the Bundestag gave a standing ovation, moved by the reconciliation Mr. Putin seemed to embody in a city, Berlin, that long symbolized division between the West and the totalitarian Soviet world.
Norbert Röttgen, a center-right representative who headed the Parliaments Foreign Affairs Committee for several years, was among those who rose to their feet. “Putin captured us,” he said. “The voice was quite soft, in German, a voice that tempts you to believe what is said to you. We had some reason to think there was a viable perspective of togetherness.”
Today, all togetherness shredded, Ukraine burns, bludgeoned by the invading army Mr. Putin sent to prove his conviction that Ukrainian nationhood is a myth. More than 3.7 million Ukrainians are refugees; the dead mount up in a month-old war; and that purring voice of Mr. Putin has morphed into the angry rant of a hunched man dismissing as “scum and traitors” any Russian who resists the violence of his tightening dictatorship.
Image
![The Retroville Mall in Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, was in ruins after being shelled by Russian forces this week.](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2022/03/26/world/26putin-evolve-2/merlin_204231501_37a33a95-ed37-4d81-bb77-2b1b31b4f692-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale)
Credit...Lynsey Addario for The New York Times
Image
Credit...Mauricio Lima for The New York Times
His opponents, a “fifth column” manipulated by the West, will meet an ugly fate, Mr. Putin vowed this month, grimacing as his planned blitzkrieg in Ukraine stalled. True Russians, he said, would “spit them out like a gnat that accidentally flew into their mouths” and so achieve “a necessary self-purification of society.”
This was less the language of Kant than of fascist nationalist exaltation laced with Mr. Putins hardscrabble, brawling St. Petersburg youth.
Between these voices of reason and incitation, between these two seemingly different men, lie 22 years of power and five American presidents. As China rose, as America fought and lost its forever wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, as technology networked the world, a Russian enigma took form in the Kremlin.
Did the United States and its allies, through excess of optimism or naïveté, simply get Mr. Putin wrong from the outset? Or was he transformed over time into the revanchist warmonger of today, whether because of perceived Western provocation, gathering grievance, or the giddying intoxication of prolonged and — since Covid-19 — increasingly isolated rule?
Mr. Putin is an enigma, but he is also the most public of figures. Seen from the perspective of his reckless gamble in Ukraine, a picture emerges of a man who seized on almost every move by the West as a slight against Russia — and perhaps also himself. As the grievances mounted, piece by piece, year by year, the distinction blurred. In effect, he became the state, he merged with Russia, their fates fused in an increasingly Messianic vision of restored imperial glory.
### From the Ashes of Empire
“The temptation of the West for Putin was, I think, chiefly that he saw it as instrumental to building a great Russia,” said Condoleezza Rice, the former secretary of state who met several times with Mr. Putin during the first phase of his rule. “He was always obsessed with the 25 million Russians trapped outside Mother Russia by the breakup of the Soviet Union. Again and again he raised this. That is why, for him, the end of the Soviet empire was the greatest catastrophe of the 20th century.”
But if irredentist resentment lurked, alongside a Soviet spys suspicion of the United States, Mr. Putin had other initial priorities. He was a patriotic servant of the state. The post-communist Russia of the 1990s, led by Boris N. Yeltsin, the countrys first freely elected leader, had sundered.
In 1993, Mr. Yeltsin ordered the Parliament shelled to put down an insurgency; 147 people were killed. The West had to provide Russia with humanitarian aid, so dire was its economic collapse, so pervasive its extreme poverty, as large swaths of industry were sold off for a song to an emergent class of oligarchs. All this, to Mr. Putin, represented mayhem. It was humiliation.
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“He hated what happened to Russia, hated the idea the West had to help it,” said Christoph Heusgen, the chief diplomatic adviser to former Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany between 2005 and 2017. Mr. Putins first political manifesto for the 2000 presidential campaign was all about reversing Western efforts to transfer power from the state to the marketplace. “For Russians,” he wrote, “a strong state is not an anomaly to fight against.” Quite the contrary, “it is the source and guarantor of order, the initiator and the main driving force of any change.”
But Mr. Putin was no Marxist, even if he reinstated the Stalin-era national anthem. He had seen the disaster of a centralized planned economy, both in Russia and East Germany, where he served as a K.G.B. agent between 1985 and 1990.
The new president would work with the oligarchs created by chaotic, free-market, crony capitalism — so long as they showed absolute fealty. Failing that, they would be expunged. If this was democracy, it was “sovereign democracy,” a phrase embraced by Mr. Putins top political strategists, stress on the first word.
Marked, to some degree, by his home city of St. Petersburg, built by Peter the Great in the early 18th century as a “window to Europe,” and by his initial political experience there from 1991 working in the mayors office to attract foreign investment, Mr. Putin does appear to have been guardedly open to the West early in his rule.
He mentioned the possibility of Russian membership of NATO to President Bill Clinton in 2000, an idea that never went anywhere. He maintained a Russian partnership agreement signed with the European Union in 1994. A NATO-Russia Council was established in 2002. Petersburg man vied with *Homo Sovieticus.*
This was a delicate balancing act, for which the disciplined Mr. Putin was prepared. “You should never lose control,” he told the American movie director Oliver Stone in “The Putin Interviews,” a 2017 documentary. He once described himself as “an expert in human relations.” German lawmakers were not alone in being seduced by this man of impassive features and implacable intent, honed as an intelligence operative.
“You must understand, he is from the K.G.B., lying is his profession, it is not a sin,” said Sylvie Bermann, the French ambassador in Moscow from 2017 to 2020. “He is like a mirror, adapting to what he sees, in the way he was trained.”
A few months before the Bundestag speech, Mr. Putin famously won over President George W. Bush, who, after their first meeting in June 2001, said he had looked into the Russian presidents eyes, gotten “a sense of his soul” and found him “very straightforward and trustworthy.” Mr. Yeltsin, similarly swayed, anointed Mr. Putin as his successor just three years after he arrived in Moscow in 1996.
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“Putin orients himself very precisely to a person,” Mikhail B. Khodorkovsky, Russias richest man before he served a decade in a Siberian penal colony and had his company forcibly broken up, told me in an interview in 2016 in Washington. “If he wants you to like him, you will like him.”
The previous time I had seen Mr. Khodorkovsky, in Moscow in October 2003, was just days before his arrest by armed agents on embezzlement charges. He had been talking to me then about his bold political ambitions — a lèse-majesté unacceptable to Mr. Putin.
### An Authoritarians Rise
The wooded presidential estate outside Moscow was comfortable but not ornate. In 2003, Mr. Putins personal tastes did not yet run to palatial grandiosity. Security guards lounged around, gawking at TVs showing fashion models on the runways of Milan and Paris.
Mr. Putin, as he likes to do, kept us waiting for many hours. It seemed a small demonstration of one-upmanship, a minor incivility he would inflict even on Ms. Rice, similar to bringing his dog into a meeting with Ms. Merkel in 2007 when he knew she was scared of dogs.
“I understand why he has to do this,” Ms. Merkel said. “To prove hes a man.”
When the interview with three New York Times journalists at last began, Mr. Putin was cordial and focused, comfortable in his strong command of detail. “We firmly stand on the path of development of democracy and of a market economy,” he said, adding, “By their mentality and culture, the people of Russia are Europeans.”
He spoke of “good, close relations” with the Bush administration, despite the Iraq war, and said “the main principles of humanism — human rights, freedom of speech — remain fundamental for all countries.” The greatest lesson of his education, he said, was “respect for the law.”
At this time, Mr. Putin had already clamped down on independent media; prosecuted a brutal war in Chechnya involving the leveling of Grozny, its capital; and placed security officials — known as siloviki — front and center in his governance. Often, they were old St. Petersburg buddies, like Nikolai Patrushev, now the secretary of Mr. Putins security council. The first rule of an intelligence officer is suspicion.
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When asked about his methods, the president bristled, suggesting America could not claim any moral high ground. “We have a proverb in Russia,” he said. “One should not criticize a mirror if you have a crooked face.”
The overriding impression was of a man divided behind his unflinching gaze. Michel Eltchaninoff, the French author of “Inside the Mind of Vladimir Putin,” said there was “a varnish of liberalism to his discourse in the early 2000s,” but the pull of restoring Russian imperial might, and so avenging Russias perceived relegation to what President Barack Obama would call “a regional power,” was always Mr. Putins deepest urge.
Born in 1952 in a city then called Leningrad, Mr. Putin grew up in the shadow of the Soviets war with Nazi Germany, known to Russians as the Great Patriotic War. His father was badly wounded, an older brother died during the brutal 872-day German siege of the city, and a grandfather had worked for Stalin as a cook. The immense sacrifices of the Red Army in defeating Nazism were not abstract but palpable within his modest family, as for many Russians of his generation. Mr. Putin learned young that, as he put it, “the weak get beat.”
“The West did not take sufficient account of the strength of Soviet myth, military sacrifice and revanchism in him,” Mr. Eltchaninoff, whose grandparents were all Russian, said. “He believes deeply that Russian man is prepared to sacrifice himself for an idea, whereas Western man likes success and comfort.”
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Mr. Putin brought a measure of that comfort to Russia in the first eight years of his presidency. The economy galloped ahead, foreign investment poured in. “It was perhaps the happiest time in the countrys life, with a measure of prosperity and level of freedom never matched in Russian history,” said Alexander Gabuev, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Moscow Center.
Mr. Gabuev, who, like thousands of liberal Russians, has fled to Istanbul since the war in Ukraine began, added that “there was a lot of corruption and concentration of wealth, but also lots of boats rising. And remember, in the 1990s, everyone had been poor as a church mouse.” Now the middle class could vacation in Turkey or Vietnam.
The problem for Mr. Putin was that to diversify an economy, the rule of law helps. He had studied law at St. Petersburg University and claimed to respect it. In fact, power proved to be his lodestone. He held legal niceties in contempt. “Why would he share power when he could live off oil, gas, other natural resources, and enough redistribution to keep people happy?” Mr. Gabuev said.
Timothy Snyder, the prominent historian of fascism, put it this way: “Having toyed with an authoritarian rule-of-law state, he simply become the oligarch-in-chief and turned the state into the enforcer mechanism of his oligarchical clan.”
Still, the biggest country on earth, stretching across 11 time zones, needed more than economic recovery to stand tall once more. Mr. Putin had been formed in a Soviet world that held that Russia was not a great power unless it dominated its neighbors. Rumblings at the countrys doorstep challenged that doctrine.
In November 2003, the Rose Revolution in Georgia set that country firmly on a Western course. In 2004 — the year of NATOs second post-Cold War expansion, which brought in Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia — massive street protests, known as the Orange Revolution, erupted in Ukraine. They, too, stemmed from a rejection of Moscow and the embrace of a Western future.
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Mr. Putins turn from cooperation with the West to confrontation began. It would be slow but the general direction was set. Once, asked by Ms. Merkel what his greatest mistake had been, the Russian president replied: “To trust you.”
### A Clash With the West
From 2004 onward, a distinct hardening of Mr. Putins Russia — what Ms. Rice, the former secretary of state, called “a crackdown where they were starting to spin these tales of vulnerability and democratic contagion” — became evident.
The president scrapped elections for regional governors in late 2004, turning them into Kremlin appointees. Russian TV increasingly looked like Soviet TV in its undiluted propaganda.
In 2006, Anna Politkovskaya, an investigative journalist critical of rights abuses in Chechnya, was murdered in Moscow on Mr. Putins birthday. Another Kremlin critic, Alexander Litvinenko, a former intelligence agent, who had dubbed Russia “a mafia state,” was killed in London, poisoned with a radioactive substance by Russian spies.
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For Mr. Putin, NATO expansion into countries that had been part of the Soviet Union or its postwar East European imperium represented an American betrayal. But the threat of a successful Western democracy on his doorstep appears to have evolved into a more immediate perceived threat to his increasingly repressive system.
“Putins nightmare is not NATO, but democracy,” said Joschka Fischer, a former German foreign minister who met with Mr. Putin several times. “Its the color revolutions, thousands of people on the streets of Kyiv. Once he embraced an imperial, military ideology as the foundation of Russia as a world power, he was unable to tolerate this.”
Although Mr. Putin has portrayed a West-leaning Ukraine as a threat to Russian security, it was more immediately a threat to Putins authoritarian system itself. Radek Sikorski, the former Polish foreign minister, said: “Putin is of course right that a democratic Ukraine integrated with Europe and successful is a mortal threat to Putinism. That, more than NATO membership, is the issue.”
The Russian president does not take well to mortal threats, real or imagined. If anyone had doubted Mr. Putins ruthlessness, they stood corrected by 2006. His loathing of weakness dictated a proclivity for violence. Yet Western democracies were slow to absorb this basic lesson.
They needed Russia, and not only for its oil and gas. The Russian president, who was the first to call President Bush after 9/11, was an important potential ally in what came to be called the Global War on Terror. It meshed with his own war in Chechnya and with a tendency to see himself as part of a civilizational battle on behalf of Christianity.
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But Mr. Putin was far less comfortable with Mr. Bushs “freedom agenda,” announced in his second inaugural of January 2005, a commitment to promote democracy across the world in pursuit of a neoconservative vision. In every stirring for liberty, Mr. Putin now saw the hidden hand of the United States. And why would Mr. Bush not include Russia in his ambitious program?
Arriving in Moscow as the U.S. ambassador in 2005, William Burns, now the C.I.A. director, sent a sober cable, all post-Cold War optimism dispelled. “Russia is too big, too proud, and too self-conscious of its own history to fit neatly into a Europe whole and free,’” he wrote. As he relates in his memoir, “The Back Channel,” Mr. Burns added that Russian “interest in playing a distinctive Great Power role” would “sometimes cause significant problems.”
When François Hollande, the former French president, met Mr. Putin several years later, he was surprised to find him referring to Americans as “Yankees” — and in scathing terms. These Yankees had “humiliated us, put us in second position,” Mr. Putin told him. NATO was an organization “aggressive by its nature,” used by the United States to put Russia under pressure, even to stir democracy movements.
“He expressed himself in a cold and calculating way,” Mr. Hollande said. “He is a man who always wants to demonstrate a kind of implacable determination, but also in the form of seduction, almost gentleness. An agreeable tone alternates with brutal outbursts, which are thereby made more effective.”
The more assured he grew in his power, the more Mr. Putin appears to have reverted to the hostility toward the United States in which he was formed. The NATO bombing of Belgrade in 1999 during the Kosovo War, and the United States invasion of Iraq in 2003, had already given him a healthy distrust of American invocations of the United Nations Charter and international law. Convinced of the exceptionalism of Russia, its inevitable fate to be a great power, he could not abide American exceptionalism, the perception of America throwing its power around in the name of some unique destiny, an inherent mission to spread freedom in a world where the United States was the sole hegemon.
These grudges came to a head in Mr. Putins ferocious speech in 2007 to the Munich Security Conference. “One state and, of course, first and foremost the United States, has overstepped its national borders in every way,” he declared to a shocked audience. A “unipolar world” had been imposed after the Cold War with “one center of authority, one center of force, one center of decision-making.”
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The result was a world “in which there is one master, one sovereign, and at the end of the day this is pernicious.” More than pernicious, it was “extremely dangerous,” resulting “in the fact that nobody feels safe.”
### The Threat of NATO Expansion
After the Munich speech, Germany still had hopes for Mr. Putin. Ms. Merkel, raised in East Germany, a Russian speaker, had formed a relationship with him. Mr. Putin put his two children in Moscows German school after his return from Dresden. He liked to quote from German poems. “There was an affinity,” said Mr. Heusgen, her top diplomatic adviser. “An understanding.”
Working with Mr. Putin could not mean dictating to him, however. “We deeply believed it would not be good to bring Georgia and Ukraine into NATO,” Mr. Heusgen said. “They would bring instability.” Article 10 of the NATO Treaty, as Mr. Heusgen noted, says any new member must be in a position to “contribute to the security of the North Atlantic area.” Just how the two contested countries would do that was unclear to Ms. Merkel.
The United States, however, with the Bush presidency in its last year, was in no mood to compromise. Mr. Bush wanted a “Membership Action Plan,” or MAP, for Ukraine and Georgia, a specific commitment to bringing the two countries into the alliance, to be announced at the April 2008 NATO summit in Bucharest. NATO expansion had ensured the security and freedom of 100 million Europeans liberated from the totalitarian Soviet imperium; it should not stop.
Mr. Burns, as ambassador, was opposed. In a then-classified message to Ms. Rice, he wrote: “Ukrainian entry into NATO is the brightest of all redlines for the Russian elite (not just Putin). In more than two and a half years of conversations with key Russian players, from knuckle-draggers in the dark recesses of the Kremlin to Putins sharpest liberal critics, I have yet to find anyone who views Ukraine in NATO as anything other than a direct challenge to Russian interests.”
Already, in February 2008, the United States and many of its allies had recognized the independence of Kosovo from Serbia, a unilateral declaration rejected as illegal by Russia and seen as an affront to a fellow Slav nation. Ms. Bermann, the former French ambassador to Moscow, recalled Sergey V. Lavrov, the Russian foreign minister, warning her at the time: “Be careful, its a precedent, it will be used against you.”
France joined Germany in Bucharest in opposing the MAP for Georgia and Ukraine. “Germany wanted nothing,” Ms. Rice recalled. “It said you could not take in a country with a frozen conflict like Georgia” — an allusion to the tense standoff between Georgia and the breakaway, Russian-backed, self-declared republics of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
To which Mr. Sikorski, the Polish foreign minister, retorted: “You were a frozen conflict for 45 years!”
The compromise was messy. The NATO leaders declaration said that Ukraine and Georgia “will become members of NATO.” But it stopped short of endorsing an action plan that would make such membership possible. Ukraine and Georgia were left with an empty promise, consigned to drift indefinitely in a strategic no mans land, while Russia was at once angered and offered a glimpse of a division it could later exploit.
“Today we look at the statement and think it was the worst of all worlds,” said Thomas Bagger, the departing senior diplomatic adviser to the German president.
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Mr. Putin came to Bucharest and delivered what Ms. Rice described as an “emotional speech,” suggesting Ukraine was a made-up country, noting the presence of 17 million Russians there, and calling Kyiv the mother of all Russian cities — a claim that would develop into an obsession.
To Mr. Sikorski, Mr. Putins speech was not surprising. He had received a letter that year from Vladimir V. Zhirinovsky, a fierce Russian nationalist who was then the deputy speaker of the Duma, suggesting that Poland and Russia simply partition Ukraine. “I did not respond,” Mr. Sikorski said. “We are not in the business of changing borders.”
Still, for all the differences, Mr. Putin had not yet hardened into outright hostility. President Bush and Ms. Rice proceeded to Mr. Putins favored resort of Sochi on the Black Sea Coast.
Mr. Putin showed off the sites planned for the 2014 Winter Olympics. He introduced them to Dmitri A. Medvedev, his longtime associate who would become president in May, as part of a choreographed maneuver to respect Russians constitutional term limits but allow Mr. Putin to return to the Kremlin in 2012 after a spell as prime minister.
There were Cossack dancers. Some Americans danced and the mood there was very good.
Three months later, a five-day war erupted in Georgia. Russia called it a “peace enforcement” operation. Having provoked an impetuous Georgian attack on its proxy forces in South Ossetia, Russia invaded Georgia. Its strategic goal was to neutralize any ambitions for Georgian NATO membership; this was largely achieved. Moscow recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, integrating them into Russia.
Mr. Putin, in his deliberate manner, had drawn a first line in the sand, with no meaningful Western response.
### Us Versus Them
On May 7, 2012, as a 30-gun salute echoed over Moscow and riot police officers in camouflage rounded up protesters, Mr. Putin returned to the Russian presidency. Bristling and increasingly convinced of Western perfidy and decadence, he was in many respects a changed man.
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The outbreak of large street protests five months earlier, with marchers bearing signs that said “Putin is a thief,” had cemented his conviction that the United States was determined to bring a color revolution to Russia. The demonstrations erupted after parliamentary elections in December 2011 that were widely viewed as fraudulent by domestic and international observers. The unrest was eventually crushed.
Mr. Putin accused then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton of being the primary instigator. “She set the tone for some actors in our country and gave them a signal,” he said. Ms. Clinton retorted that, in line with Americas values, “we expressed concerns that we thought were well founded about the conduct of the elections.”
So much for the Obama administrations attempts at a “reset” in relations with Russia over the four years that the milder Mr. Medvedev, who was always beholden to Mr. Putin, spent in office.
Still, the idea that Mr. Putin posed any serious threat to American interests was largely dismissed in a Washington focused on defeating Al Qaeda. After Gov. Mitt Romney said that the biggest geopolitical threat facing the United States was Russia, he was mocked by President Obama.
“The Cold Wars been over for 20 years,” Mr. Obama said by way of contemptuous instruction during a 2012 presidential debate.
Russia, under American pressure, had abstained in a 2011 United Nations Security Council vote for military intervention in Libya, which authorized “all necessary measures” to protect civilians. When this mission, in Mr. Putins perception, morphed into the pursuit of the overthrow of Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi, who was killed by Libyan forces, the Russian president was furious. This was yet further confirmation of Americas international lawlessness.
Something else was at work. “He was haunted by the brutal takeout of Qaddafi,” said Mark Medish, who was senior director for Russian, Ukrainian and Eurasian affairs at the National Security Council during the Clinton presidency. “I was told that he replayed the videos again and again.” The elimination of a dictator felt personal.
Michel Duclos, a former French ambassador to Syria and now a special adviser to the Institut Montaigne think tank in Paris, places Mr. Putins definitive “choice of repolarization” in 2012. China had risen, offering new strategic options. “He had become convinced that the West was in decline after the 2008 financial crisis,” Mr. Duclos said. “The way forward now was confrontation.”
In this clash, Mr. Putin had armed himself with cultural and religious reinforcements. He cast himself as the macho embodiment of conservative Orthodox Christian values against the Wests irreligious embrace of same-sex marriage, radical feminism, homosexuality, mass immigration and other manifestations of “decadence.”
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The United States and its allies, in Mr. Putins telling, were intent on globalizing these subversive values under cover of democracy promotion and human rights. Saint Russia would stand against this baleful homogenization. Putinism, as it was now fleshed out, stood against a godless and insinuating West. Moscow had an ideology once more. It was one of conservative resistance, and it appealed to rightist leaders across Europe and beyond.
It was also, it seems, a reflection of something more. When, in the Oliver Stone documentary, Mr. Putin is asked if he ever has “bad days,” his response is: “I am not a woman, so I dont have bad days.” Pressed a little by the generally deferential Mr. Stone, the Russian president opines, “Thats just the nature of things.”
Later, Mr. Stone asks about gays and the military. “If you are taking a shower in a submarine with a man and you know he is gay, do you have a problem with that?” Mr. Putin replies: “Well, I prefer not to go to the shower with him. Why provoke him? But you know, Im a judo master.”
This, apparently, was meant as a joke.
But Mr. Putin was not joking about his conservative challenge to Western culture. It allowed him to develop his own support in Europe among hard-right parties like the French National Rally, formerly the National Front, that received a loan from a Russian bank. Autocratic nationalism revived its appeal, challenging the democratic liberalism that the Russian leader would pronounce “obsolete” in 2019.
A number of fascist or nationalist writers and historians with mystical ideas of Russian destiny and fate, prominent among them Ivan Ilyin, increasingly influenced Mr. Putins thinking. Ilyin saw the Russian soldier as “the will, the force and the honor of the Russian state” and wrote, “My prayer is like a sword. And my sword is like a prayer.” Mr. Putin took to citing him frequently.
“By the time Putin returns to the Kremlin he has an ideology, a spiritual cover for his kleptocracy,” said Mr. Snyder, the historian. “Russia now extends however far its leader decides. Its all about eternal Russia, a mash-up of the last 1,000 years. Ukraine is ours, always ours, because God says so, and never mind the facts.”
When Mr. Putin traveled to Kyiv in July 2013, on a visit to mark the 1,025th anniversary of the conversion to Christianity of Prince Vladimir of the Kyivan Rus, he vowed to protect “our common Fatherland, Great Rus.” Later he would have a statue of Vladimir erected in front of the Kremlin.
For Ukraine, however, such Russian “protection” had become little more than a thinly veiled threat, whatever the extensive cultural, linguistic and family ties between the two countries.
“Poland has been invaded many times by Russia,” Mr. Sikorski, the former Polish foreign minister, said. “But remember, Russia never invades. It just comes to the assistance of endangered Russian-speaking minorities.”
### A Leader Emboldened
The 22-year arc of Mr. Putins exercise of power is in many ways a study of growing audacity. Intent at first at restoring order in Russia and gaining international respect — especially in the West — he became convinced that a Russia rich in oil revenue and new high-tech weaponry could strut the world, deploy military force and meet scant resistance.
“Power, for the Russians, is arms. It is not the economy,” said Ms. Bermann, the former French ambassador, who closely followed Mr. Putins steady militarization of Russian society during her time in Moscow. She was particularly struck by the grandiose video display of advanced nuclear and hypersonic weaponry presided over by the president in a March 2018 address to the nation.
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“Nobody listened to us,” Mr. Putin proclaimed. “Listen to us now.” He also said, “Efforts to contain Russia have failed.”
If Mr. Putin was, as he now seemed to believe, the personification of Russias mystical great-power destiny, all constraints were off. “When I first met him you had to lean in a little to understand what he was saying,” said Ms. Rice, the former secretary of state. “Ive seen Putin go from a little shy, to pretty shy, to arrogant, and now megalomaniacal.”
An important moment in this development appears to have come with Mr. Obamas last-minute decision in 2013 not to bomb Syria after Bashar al-Assad, the Syrian president, crossed an American “red line” against using chemical weapons. Mr. Obama took the case for war to a reluctant Congress instead, and under the lingering American threat and pressure from Moscow, Mr. al-Assad agreed to the destruction of the weapons.
The hesitation appears to have left an impression on Mr. Putin. “It was decisive, I think,” said Mr. Hollande, the former French president, who had readied warplanes to take part in the planned military strike. “Decisive for American credibility, and that had consequences. After that, I believe, Mr. Putin considered Mr. Obama weak.”
Certainly, Mr. Putin rapidly ramped up his efforts to expand Russian power.
Ukraine, by ousting its Moscow-backed leader in a bloody popular uprising in February 2014, and so de facto rejecting Mr. Putins multibillion-dollar blandishments to join his Eurasian Union rather than pursue an association agreement with the European Union, committed the unpardonable. This, for Mr. Putin, was the devouring specter of color revolution made real. It was, he insisted, an American-backed “coup.”
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Mr. Putins annexation of Crimea and orchestration of the military conflict in eastern Ukraine that created two Russian-backed breakaway regions followed.
Two decades earlier, in 1994, Russia had signed an agreement known as the Budapest Memorandum, under which Ukraine gave up its vast nuclear arsenal in exchange for a promise of respect for its sovereignty and existing borders. But Mr. Putin had no interest in that commitment.
Mr. Heusgen said a breaking point for Ms. Merkel came when she asked Mr. Putin about the “little green men” — masked Russian soldiers — who appeared in Crimea before the Russian annexation in March 2014. “I have nothing to do with them,” Mr. Putin responded, unconvincingly.
“He lied to her — lies, lies, lies,” Mr. Heusgen said. “From then on, she was much more skeptical about Mr. Putin.” She would tell Mr. Obama that the Russian leader was “living in another world.”
Later, when Mr. Putin ordered Russian forces into Syria and, in 2016, embarked on the ferocious bombardment of Aleppo, Ms. Merkel told him the bombing had to stop. But the Russian leader would have none of it.
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“He said there were some Chechen fighters and terrorists there, and he did not want them back, and he would bomb the whole of Aleppo to get rid of them,” Mr. Heusgen said. “It was of an absolute brutality. I mean, how brutal can you get?”
Lies and brutality: The core methods of late Putin were clear enough. For anyone who was listening, Mr. Lavrov, the foreign minister, had made that evident at the 2015 Munich Security Conference.
In a speech as violent as Mr. Putins in 2007, Mr. Lavrov accused Ukrainians of engaging in an orgy of “nationalistic violence” characterized by ethnic purges directed against Jews and Russians. The annexation of Crimea occurred because a popular uprising demanded “the right of self-determination” under the United Nations Charter, he claimed.
The United States, in Mr. Lavrovs account, was driven by an insatiable desire for global dominance. Europe, once the Cold War ended, should have built “the common European house” — a “free economic zone” from Lisbon to Vladivostok — rather than expand NATO eastward.
But not many people were listening. The United States and most of Europe — less so the states closest to Russia — glided on in the seldom-questioned belief that the Russian threat, while growing, was contained; that Mr. Putin was a rational man whose use of force involved serious cost-benefit analysis; and that European peace was assured. The oligarchs continued to make “Londongrad” their home; Britains Conservative Party was glad to take money from them. Prominent figures in Germany, France and Austria were happy to accept well-paid Russian sinecures. They included Gerhard Schröder, the former German chancellor, and François Fillon, the former French prime minister. Russian oil and gas poured into Europe.
Prominent intellectuals, including Hélène Carrère dEncausse, the perpetual secretary of the Académie Française and a specialist in Russian history, defended Mr. Putin strongly, even in the run-up to the war in Ukraine. “The United States applied itself to humiliating Russia,” she told a French TV interviewer, suggesting the simultaneous dissolution of NATO and the Warsaw Pact would have better served the world.
As for former President Donald J. Trump, he never had a critical word for Mr. Putin, preferring to believe him rather than his own intelligence services on the issue of Russian meddling in the 2016 election.
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Credit...Andrew Testa for The New York Times
“With hindsight, we should have started long ago what we now need to do in a rush,” Mr. Bagger, the senior German diplomat, said. “Strengthen our military and diversify energy supplies. Instead we went along and expanded resource flows from Russia. And we dragged along a hollowed-out army.”
He added: “We did not realize that Putin had spun himself into a historical mythology and was thinking in categories of a 1,000-year empire. You cannot deter someone like that with sanctions.”
### The War in Ukraine
The unthinkable can happen. Russias war of choice in Ukraine is proof of that. Watching it unfold, Ms. Bermann told me she had been reminded of lines from “The Human Stain” by Philip Roth: “The danger with hatred is, once you start in on it, you get a hundred times more than you bargained for. Once you start, you cant stop.”
In the isolation of Covid-19, apparently redoubled by the germaphobia that has led the Russian leader to impose what Mr. Bagger called “extraordinary arrangements” for anyone meeting him, all Mr. Putins obsessions about the 25 million Russians lost to their motherland at the breakup of the Soviet Union seem to have coagulated.
“Something happened,” said Ms. Bermann, who was greeted by a smiling Mr. Putin when she presented her credentials as ambassador in 2017. “He speaks with a new rage and fury, a kind of folly.”
Ms. Rice was similarly struck. “Something is definitely different,” she said. “Hes not in control of his emotions. Something is wrong.”
After President Emmanuel Macron of France met with Putin at opposite ends of a 20-foot table last month, he told journalists on his plane that he found him more stiff, isolated and ideologically unyielding than at their previous meeting in 2019. Mr. Macrons aides described Mr. Putin as physically changed, his face puffy. “Paranoid” was the word chosen by the French presidents top diplomatic adviser to describe a speech by Mr. Putin just before the war.
That Ukraine got to Mr. Putin in some deeply disturbing way is evident in the 5,000-word tract on “The Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians” that he penned in his isolation last summer and had distributed to members of the armed forces. Marshaling arguments ranging back to the ninth century, he said that “Russia was robbed, indeed.” Ukraine was now home to “radicals and neo-Nazis” intent on effacing any trace of Russia.
“We will never allow our historical territories and people close to us living there to be used against Russia,” he wrote. “And to those who will undertake such an attempt, I would like to say that this way they will destroy their own country.”
Image
Credit...The New York Times
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Credit...Sergey Ponomarev for The New York Times
His intent, in hindsight, was clear enough, many months before the invasion. It appeared so to Mr. Eltchaninoff, the French author. “The religion of war had installed itself,” he said. “Putin had replaced the real with a myth.”
But why now? The West, Mr. Putin had long since concluded, was weak, divided, decadent, given over to private consumption and promiscuity. Germany had a new leader, and France an imminent election. A partnership with China had been cemented. Poor intelligence persuaded him Russian troops would be greeted as liberators in wide swaths of eastern Ukraine, at least. Covid-19, Mr. Bagger said, “had given him a sense of urgency, that time was running out.”
Mr. Hollande, the former president, had a simpler explanation: “Putin was drunk on his success. In recent years, he has won enormously.” In Crimea, in Syria, in Belarus, in Africa, in Kazakhstan. “Putin tells himself, I am advancing everywhere. Where am I in retreat? Nowhere!’”
That is no longer the case. In a single stroke, Mr. Putin has galvanized NATO, ended Swiss neutrality and German postwar pacifism, united an often fragmented European Union, hobbled the Russian economy for years to come, provoked a massive exodus of educated Russians and reinforced the very thing he denied had ever existed, in a way that will prove indelible: Ukrainian nationhood. He has been outmaneuvered by the agile and courageous Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelensky, a man he mocked.
“He has undone on a coin-flip the achievements of his presidency,” said Mr. Gabuev, the Carnegie Moscow senior fellow now in Istanbul. For Mr. Hollande, “Mr. Putin has committed the irremediable.”
President Biden has called Mr. Putin a “brute,” a “war criminal” and a “killer.” “For Gods sake, this man cannot remain in power,” he said in Poland on Saturday. Yet the Russian leader retains deep reserves of support in Russia, and tight control over his security services.
That power corrupts is well known. An immense distance seems to separate the man who won over the Bundestag in 2001 with a conciliatory speech and the ranting leader berating the “national traitors” seduced by the West who “cant do without foie gras, oysters or the so-called gender freedoms,” as he put it in his scum-and-traitors speech this month. If nuclear war remains a remote possibility, it is far less remote than a month ago — a subject of regular dinner-table conversations across Europe as Mr. Putin pursues the “de-Nazification” of a country whose leader is Jewish.
It is as if, after a flirtation with a new idea — a Russia integrated with the West — Mr. Putin, who will be 70 this year, reverted to something deeper in his psyche: the world of his childhood after The Great Patriotic War had been won, with Russia in his head again liberating Ukrainians from Nazism, and Stalin restored to heroic stature.
With his assault on independent media completed, his insistence that the invasion is not a “war,” and his liquidation of Memorial International, the leading human rights organization chronicling Stalin-era persecution, Mr. Putin has circled back to his roots in a totalitarian country.
Mr. Röttgen, who stood to applaud Mr. Putin 21 years ago, told me: “I think at this point he either wins or hes done. Done politically, or done physically.”
Image
Credit...Tyler Hicks/The New York Times
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# The Unravelling of an Expert on Serial Killers
A brother and a sister are standing on the balcony of a sixth-floor apartment in Monte Carlo. Its the nineteen-seventies, in May, the afternoon of the Grand Prix. The sun is glinting off the dinghies in the turquoise shallows of the harbor. The trees are so lush theyre almost black.
The brother, Stéphane Bourgoin, is in his twenties. Hes come from Paris to visit his sister Claude-Marie Dugué. Race cars circle the city, careening onto the straightaway on Boulevard Albert 1er, which Dugués apartment overlooks. Over the thrum, Bourgoin leans in and tells her something shocking: in America, where hed recently been living, he had a girlfriend who was murdered and “cut up into pieces.” Her name was Hélène.
Bourgoins revelation was one of those moments when you “remember exactly what you were doing that day at that precise moment, the news is so striking and indelible,” Dugué recalled recently. “It was stupefaction and shudders, amid the revving engines of Formula 1.” Dugué and Bourgoin shared a father but had different mothers. They had got to know each other not long before, and Dugué didnt feel that she could probe for details about a girlfriend she hadnt met, or even heard of until that day. “I found the whole situation disturbing,” she said. She simply told Bourgoin how sorry she was.
At the time, Bourgoin had a career in the realm of B movies, reviewing fantasy and horror films for fanzines and dabbling in adult film. Later, he started writing his own books, which became hugely popular and helped establish him as a prominent expert on serial killers in France. His best-known work, “Serial Killers,” a thousand-page compendium of depravity, was released in five editions by the prestigious publisher Grasset. Travelling around the country to book festivals, Bourgoin built up a particularly devoted following within the already zealous subculture of true crime. One fan, Bourgoin said, sent him annotated copies of his own books, with items such as scissors, razors, and pubic hairs glued to the pages, corresponding to words in the text.
Bourgoin also had admirers in law and law enforcement. “He was one of the first people in France to say that serial killers werent only in America,” Jacques Dallest, the general prosecutor of the Grenoble appeals court, told me. Dallest was so impressed with Bourgoin that he invited him to speak at the École Nationale de la Magistrature, Frances national academy for judges and prosecutors. Bourgoin also gave talks at the Centre National de Formation à la Police Judiciaire, a training center for one of Frances main law-enforcement bodies, for which he claimed to have created the countrys first unit of serial-killer profilers.
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An energetic self-promoter, Bourgoin appeared frequently in the press and on television. “I counted, I did eighty-four TV shows in one month,” he once said. “I get up at 4:45 *A.M.* to be on the morning shows and go home at midnight to have a bite to eat.” He cultivated a flamboyantly geeky look, with equal shades of Sherlock Holmes (ascot, horn-rimmed glasses) and Ace Ventura (cerulean blazer, silky skull-print shirt). A quirky-shoes enthusiast, he sometimes wore a pair of white brogues made to look as though they were spattered with blood. On Facebook, he claimed to possess the remains of Gerard Schaefer, a serial killer from Florida. “To each person who buys my book, I will offer a small bag containing a little piece of Schaefer—fingernails, hair, ear, kneecap, skin, bones, etc.,” he wrote, in 2015. Female fans, he added, would be given priority.
Bourgoin was most famous for his jailhouse interviews with murderers. In the course of more than forty years, he had conducted seventy-seven of them, he said, “in the four corners of the planet.” He riveted audiences with tales of his encounters with the “Son of Sam” killer David Berkowitz (“David, I come here, you agreed to meet me, but I hope youre not going to tell me the same bullshit that you told at your trial”), with the homicidal hospital orderly Donald Harvey (“He confesses seventeen additional crimes to me that he hadnt even been suspected of”), with the “Killer Clown” John Wayne Gacy (who, Bourgoin said, grabbed his buttocks during the encounter). “Confronting these individuals can be dangerous from a mental point of view,” Bourgoin wrote, in “Mes Conversations avec les Tueurs” (“My Conversations with Killers”), a 2012 book. “To make them talk, you have to let down your guard, open yourself completely to a psychopath, who manipulates, lies, and is devoid of any scruple.”
If you dedicate your life to serial killers, the first question anyone asks is “Why?” Bourgoins answer was that Hélènes death made him want to confront the worst that humanity had to offer, as “a form of catharsis” or even as “a personal exorcism.” At some point, he started pronouncing her name “Eileen,” the American way. He said that hed met her in the mid-seventies, when he was living in Los Angeles, working on B movies; that, in 1976, he went on a trip out of town; that when he returned to the home they shared he discovered her dead body, “mutilated, raped, and practically decapitated.” The killer was apprehended two years later, and eventually confessed to almost a dozen other murders. He was now awaiting execution on death row.
When an interviewer asked for an image of Eileen, Bourgoin would produce a black-and-white photograph of the young couple. It was beautifully composed, almost professional-looking. In it, the two of them are pictured in closeup, facing each other. Eileen has feathered hair and rainbow-shaped brows. Bourgoins hair is long, and he appears to be wearing a leather jacket with a big shearling collar. He is turned toward her in a protective stance. She looks up at him with a snaggletoothed smile. Theyre so close that their noses are almost touching.
“Eileen was his hook,” Hervé Weill, who co-runs a crime-fiction festival at which Bourgoin often appeared, told me. The story of her death stirred the publics emotions, adding a sheen of moral righteousness to Bourgoins vocation. “I knew of Stéphane Bourgoin well before this program having seen almost all his interviews with prisoners, but Im only here learning that he was the partner of a victim,” a YouTube user wrote, after watching one of Bourgoins television appearances. “Incredible man.”
In his public appearances, Bourgoin delivered even the most gruesome anecdotes with weary didacticism, as if he had seen it all and emerged omniscient, emotion transmogrified into expertise. He spoke in data points: seventeen crimes, seventy-seven serial killers, “hundreds of thousands” of case files that he claimed to have stored in his cellar. “For nearly fifteen years, I accumulated files that I synthesized into more than five thousand tables, four of which are reproduced in the book,” he said at one point, announcing that he had, in all likelihood, solved the long-standing mystery of the murder of Elizabeth Short, known as the Black Dahlia.
Bourgoin could seem a little off at times, more like an admirer than a dispassionate observer of the killers he studied. But it was easy enough to interpret this macabre streak as a consequence of his trauma. His social-media feeds featured an uncomfortable mixture of cat pictures (he named a cat Bundy), promotional brags (“once again a packed house, for the seventeenth time in a row”), morbid memes (“*BEING CREMATED IS MY LAST HOPE FOR A SMOKING HOT BODY*”), and crime-related kitsch (barricade-tape toilet paper; gloves and a jacket designed to look as if they were made from human skin). He spoke of his opposition, on moral grounds, to the death penalty, but hed pose for a photograph in a fake electric chair, captioning it “Today, Im lacking a little juice.” What might normally have seemed in bad taste could feel like defiance coming from a bereaved partner. He showed up for interviews in a Jeffrey Dahmer T-shirt and signed books “With My Bloodiest Regards.”
In 1991, Bourgoin travelled to the Florida State Prison to meet Ottis Toole, sometimes called the Jacksonville Cannibal, for a French-television documentary. Toole claimed to have eaten some of his victims and allegedly issued a recipe for barbecue sauce calling for, among other ingredients, two cloves of garlic and a cup of blood.
[![A king walks out of a sperm bank.](https://media.newyorker.com/cartoons/62477f1116c5c3bc8b206acb/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/220411_a23725.jpg)](https://www.newyorker.com/cartoon/a23725)
Bourgoin opened the interview brightly, saying that someone had sent him the recipe for the sauce. “And I must tell you that I tried it,” he said.
“Was it any good?” Toole asked.
“Yeah, it was very good,” Bourgoin answered, his voice quickening. “Although I didnt try it on the same kind of meat that you did!”
Despite Bourgoins inclination toward facts and figures, his own memories could be indistinct. Sometimes he said that hed been introduced to serial killers, in the late seventies, by a police officer he got to know from Eileens case; at other times, he said that hed met some sympathetic cops at meals hosted by Robert Bloch, the author of “Psycho.” Bourgoin refused to identify Eileens killer, or to give her last name, saying that he was preserving her anonymity out of respect for her parents. Whether because of decency, laziness, or esteem for his reputation, Bourgoins interlocutors tended not to press him very hard. “I seem to have been prepared to put down his evasions to professional caution or eccentric obsession,” Tony Allen-Mills, a British journalist who interviewed Bourgoin in 2000, told me. “He was accepted as an expert, and thats how I treated him.”
Bourgoin knew the power of fandom, having spent decades stoking the publics emotional investment in true crime. But he underestimated the intelligence of the audience. After years of watching TV specials, attending talks, reading books, and replaying DVD boxed sets about necrophilia, satanism, bestiality, torture, infanticide, matricide, patricide, and the like, followers of the genre had learned not to count on anybodys better angels, or to underestimate humankinds capacity for deceit. They were connoisseurs of the self-valorizing lie, having been trained by authors like the “master of noir” himself.
One group of true-crime fans, disturbed by inconsistencies in Bourgoins stories, launched their own investigation, which would unravel his career. “Can you imagine yourself in a long hallway?” a member of the group told me. “Each time you open a door, behind it theres another door. Thats how many lies there were.”
One seemingly grandiose element of Bourgoins life story is true: his father, Lucien Joseph Jean Bourgoin, was a great man of history. Jean, as he was known, was born in 1897, in Papeete, Tahiti. He joined the French military at the age of seventeen, fighting with distinction in the First World War before studying at the élite engineering school École Polytechnique. During the Second World War, he made a bold escape from French-colonial Indochina after being put under surveillance for his support of the Free French, and was personally summoned by Charles de Gaulle to join the government-in-exile in London.
As a civilian, Jean travelled the world building roads, tunnels, railroads, irrigation systems, and electrical networks. Later, he became a Commander of the Legion of Honor, and took part in *UNESCO*s effort to relocate the ancient Egyptian temples of Abu Simbel. His twenty-two-page dossier in the National Archives of France chronicles countless missions, decorations, and “special services rendered to Colonization” in roughly twenty countries. “Ive heard that there was much more to the story, that he was also a high-level intelligence officer,” Julien Cuny, his grandson, told me.
Bourgoins mother, Franziska Glöckner, was as mysterious and daring as her husband. Born in Germany in 1910, she moved to France in the thirties after marrying her second husband, a French diplomat. In 1940, with her husband at war, she took a job as an interpreter with the German command at Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany. “Intelligent, courtesan-like, and calculating,” according to one writer, she spent the war years facilitating fishing permits, attending cocktail parties, and consorting with the Grand Duke of the Romanovs, who was living in exile at a nearby villa. A French official recalled that she eventually acquired “such an influence that she was known to all as Commandante du Port.’ ” A newspaper article later dubbed her the “Mata Hari of Saint-Malo.”
Toward the end of the war, Franziska was arrested on charges of treason and was accused of acting as an informant. At her trial, ten local witnesses, including the former mayor of Saint-Malo, testified in her defense. “It was thanks to her exceptional situation with the high German command that the docks of Saint-Malo, where ninety-six mineshafts had been set, were not exploded,” a newspaper article reported. She was ultimately acquitted.
Jean and Franziska married in Saigon in 1951. He was fifty-three and she was forty. Two years later, their only child, Stéphane, was born in Paris. The family lived in a Haussman-style apartment in the Seventeenth Arrondissement, not far from the Arc de Triomphe. Stéphane spoke French, German, and English, and attended the venerable Lycée Carnot. He seems to have been an awkward child. “The second the bell rang, three minutes later I was outside with twenty people, but he was rather isolated,” Jean-Louis Repelski, a classmate, recalled.
An unremarkable student, Bourgoin left high school without a diploma. He was obsessed with cinema, sometimes seeing five movies in a day. “He was a walking dictionary,” Claude-Marie Dugué told me. “He knew all the directors and films by heart, and inundated me with references and anecdotes.” At some point, Bourgoin parlayed this interest into a series of jobs in adult film. He is credited as the screenwriter of “Extreme Close-Up,” “La Bête et la Belle,” and “Johnny Does Paris,” a series of late-seventies and early-eighties productions starring John Holmes, the prolific American porn actor.
Bourgoin has said that his career in movies got started in the U.S., but, despite featuring some American actors, the three films were shot in France. Bourgoin did go to America at least once in his youth, as I learned from the papers of his fathers former wife, Alice Gilbert Smith Bourgoin. Alice was a New England patrician, with a degree from Smith College, who appears to have had an ardent but melancholic relationship with Jean, exacerbated by the turbulence of their era. Toward the end of her life, she wrote an affectionate letter to Jean offering to return “two handsome and valuable rings you gave me—a solitaire diamond and a beautiful dark blue sapphire.”
Alices letter arrived in Paris on June 7, 1977, but Stéphane was the one to receive it. Jean had died, of a heart attack, three days earlier, at a ceremony hosted by his alma mater. Jeans death must have been a shock, but Stéphane replied to Alice, in a letter dated the same day. “You do not know me, but I am Jeans son, Stéphane, born in 1953, and, by the way, the only child of his last mariage \[*sic*\],” he wrote, in English. “Perhaps you want to know a little bit more about me.”
He told her that he had recently spent almost a year in America, but the letter made no mention of a murdered lover, or of a serial killer. “I love very much the USA and the kindness of the Americans,” he wrote. He added that he was engaged to an American girl who was living in France, a love story just like Alice and his fathers. “Right now, I am keeping aside every penny I earn to be able to make another trip to the States.” He concluded by giving Alice his telephone number and his address.
In the bottom left-hand corner of the second page of the letter, there is a handwritten note, made at a later date by a nephew of Alices:
> Stéphane subsequently came to the USA and visited ASB, at her expense, when she handed over the rings. He never wrote to express any appreciation and was not heard from again before she died.
As a young man, Bourgoin resembled a character out of a potboiler. In the late seventies, he began working at Au Troisième Œil, a secondhand crime bookstore in Pariss Ninth Arrondissement, which he later took over. Customers could find him there, presiding “like a spider in his web,” according to a longtime client. The shop was a narrow room bursting with first editions, forgotten genre novels, and rare crime fanzines, stacked double on shelves that ran from floor to ceiling. “It was a lair stuffed with literary treasures, and you could spend ages there talking about *le roman noir*,” the writer Didier Daeninckx recalled.
The cultivated seediness of the place and its proprietor was irresistible to the writers who frequented the shop. Daeninckx put Bourgoin into one of his books, as a bookstore manager who deduces that a key character has cribbed his tale of suicide by piano from the plot of an obscure novel. Bourgoin also seems to have inspired the character of Étienne Jallieu, a “self-taught erudite shopkeeper” who outwits professional sleuths, in Jean-Hugues Oppels thriller “Six-Pack.” Bourgoin spun the myth out further, co-writing several especially grisly true-crime books (one focussed on infanticides) under the pseudonym Étienne Jallieu.
Bourgoin got an early taste of public attention in 1991, as a writer on “100 Years of X,” a cable documentary about porn. This was also the year of Bourgoins first filmed meeting with a murderer. Serial killers were having a cultural moment, following the success of Thomas Harriss novel “The Silence of the Lambs.” On the eve of the books publication in French, Bourgoin wrote an article for a small crime-literature review about “a new type of criminal: the serial killer.” He seems to have sensed that a phenomenon was in the air, one that would only gain momentum with the release of a film version of “The Silence of the Lambs,” starring Anthony Hopkins and Jodie Foster. One night in Paris, Bourgoin regaled guests at a dinner party with tales of these new American murderers and the profilers who spent their days tracking them. “We were utterly captivated,” Carol Kehringer, a documentary producer who attended the dinner, told Scott Sayare, writing in the *Guardian*. “I started asking him all sorts of questions,” she added. “The more he spoke, the more I thought to myself, Weve got to do a film!”
Kehringer and Bourgoin were acquaintances and had worked together before, so she asked him to conduct the interviews for the documentary. In the fall of 1991, Bourgoin and a crew flew to the United States to shoot the film for the French television channel FR3. At Quantico, they met with John Douglas, the pioneering F.B.I. criminal profiler who would later gain fame through his book “Mindhunter.” They travelled to Florida and California for meetings with murderers, arranged by the production crew.
The film, sold as “An Investigation Into Deviance,” was Bourgoins first public foray into the world of serial killers, but, by the time it was finished, Bourgoin and Kehringer were no longer speaking. “When he had the killers in front of him, it was as if he was sitting across from his idols,” she told the *Guardian*. Still, other producers continued working with him, and he soon published his first book on serial killers, a study of Jack the Ripper. He followed it with a flurry of spinoff volumes and, in 1993, with the first edition of his masterwork, the “Serial Killers” almanac.
Eileen doesnt figure in Bourgoins work from this time. He seems to have introduced her into his professional repertoire sometime around 2000, even though, according to his sister, he had been telling the story privately for decades. “I had doubts when he said his girlfriend had been murdered, simply because I had known him for years and he had never spoken about it before,” François Guérif, a well-known French crime-fiction editor and Bourgoins former boss at the bookshop, recalled. Bourgoin was clearly conscious of a need to add emotional punch to his work. “He could cry on command,” Barbara Necek, who co-directed documentaries featuring Bourgoin, told me. Some of Bourgoins peers considered him a hack who presented himself as a globe-trotting criminologist when he was merely a jobbing presenter. “Neither I nor any of our mutual friends at the time had heard the story of his murdered girlfriend, nor of his so-called F.B.I. training,” a colleague and friend of Bourgoins from the eighties told me. “It triggered rounds of knowing laughter among us, because we all knew it was absolutely bogus.”
But elsewhere Bourgoin was taken seriously. As his career progressed, he came into contact with family members of the victims of killers. They saw him as a kindred survivor, someone who could be trusted to treat them with integrity, because of his personal experience. Conversely, proximity to them was valuable to Bourgoin as a form of reputational currency. “Each month, two or three people contact me,” he boasted, of his relationship with victims families, in 2012. Through his association with a victims-advocacy group called Victimes en Série, Bourgoin got to know Dahina Sy. She had been kidnapped and raped at the age of fourteen by Michel Fourniret, who later murdered seven young women.
One evening, Sy went to a dinner at Bourgoins house. The atmosphere there was peculiar—a “museum of horrors,” according to a journalist who once visited, filled with slasher-film posters, F.B.I. memorabilia, porcelain cherubs in satin masks, and case files of uncertain provenance. Sy told me, “He said, Come here, I want to show you something.’ ” Bourgoin began pulling crime-scene photographs out of a folder. “Puddles of blood,” Sy said. “It was absolutely abject.” Sy had suffered from post-traumatic stress for years after her abduction. One of its manifestations was extreme arachnophobia. At the dinner table, Bourgoin put a plastic spider on her shoulder. “I was paralyzed, and he was laughing,” Sy recalled. “I think it gave him pleasure to mess with my mind.”
In 2018, Bourgoin began collaborating with the publishing house Glénat on a branded series of graphic novels (“Stéphane Bourgoin Presents the Serial Killers”). The second installment, about Fourniret, came out in March of 2020. Alerted by an acquaintance to the books existence, Sy was shocked to encounter her adolescent image rendered “flesh and bone” in a cartoon strip, with Fourniret threatening her (“I will be forced to disfigure you if you dont do exactly as I say”), his words suspended in dialogue bubbles. Sy says that neither Bourgoin nor the publisher had notified her about the book, or about the fact that it reprinted the entirety of an interview that shed given in a different context years earlier. She hired a lawyer to send a letter of complaint to the books publisher, which withdrew it from the market. “It was like being defiled a second time,” she told me.
[![Farmer consoles friend as another person is lifted into UFO.](https://media.newyorker.com/cartoons/62477f11326d765bc61bd4eb/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/220411_a23862.jpg)](https://www.newyorker.com/cartoon/a23862)
Bourgoin never interrogated Fourniret, but, oddly, the books writer inserted a character inspired by Bourgoin throughout the text, a revered criminologist who goes by Bourgoins old pseudonym Étienne Jallieu.
“I admit that Im having trouble understanding the dynamics of your relationship with your wife,” Jallieu tells Fourniret, facing him across a table in an alfresco interrogation room set up on a prison basketball court. “Probably because none of you tell the exact truth.”
“What is the truth for you, Monsieur Jallieu?” Fourniret asks.
“What youve spent your entire life trying to hide, Monsieur Fourniret,” Jallieu replies.
In 2019, a man who goes by the pseudonym Valak—inspired by a demon in the film “The Conjuring 2”—picked up a Bourgoin book that happened to be at hand. Valak, who is forty-five, lives in a port city in the South of France and works in a field unrelated to serial killers. When we spoke one day, over Zoom, he sat in a small room in front of a red velvet curtain. He wore a black baseball cap, a black polo, and a black mask, an outfit that was intended to protect his identity but also gave off a whiff of stagecraft. Valak told me that he had always been interested in human psychology, particularly at its extremes. He had enjoyed Bourgoins work as a teen-ager, but, revisiting it as an adult, he was struck by its sloppiness.
“There were things that didnt seem coherent,” Valak told me. “I told myself, O.K., it must be me thats paranoid, thats looking for a nit to pick. And then I discovered Facebook.”
One day, in a large Facebook group of true-crime enthusiasts, someone posted a link to an article about Bourgoin. Valak commented, expressing his unease about the work. He recalled, “There were a bunch of people who responded after that, saying, *Bah*, *oui*, I agree.’ ”
The skeptics—about thirty of them—formed a chat group to discuss their doubts about Bourgoin. That group eventually splintered into a smaller cohort, composed of Valak and seven others, living in France, Belgium, and Canada. (One member left the group after a falling out.) They called themselves the 4ème Œil Corporation (the Fourth Eye Corporation)—a play on Au Troisième Œil (At the Third Eye), the name of the bookstore that Bourgoin once ran.
At first, the group members saw their task as largely literary. They set to work combing through Bourgoins dozens of books, expecting to find instances of plagiarism. Bourgoin had, in fact, lifted passages from English-language works that hadnt been translated into French. In some cases, he had even pilfered other peoples life experiences. He claimed, for instance, that, while visiting a crime scene in South Africa with the profiler Micki Pistorius, he was splattered by maggots and decomposing body parts that had been churned up by police helicopters. (Pistorius did experience a similar incident, but Bourgoin was not there.)
The members of the collective werent professional researchers, but they were assiduous. “As soon as we started looking,” Valak recalled, “we found more and more inconsistencies.” They decided to expand the scope of their investigation. Soon, they were devoting as much time to Bourgoin as they were to their day jobs. They contacted Bourgoins purported former colleagues, sent letters to prisons across the U.S., and scoured YouTube for clips of obscure speaking engagements and television appearances, like music lovers searching for concert bootlegs. They were completists, even interviewing a representative of the clerk of court in St. Lucie County, Florida, about Bourgoins claim that he possessed most of the case evidence related to Gerard Schaefer, who was sentenced there in 1973. (Bourgoin had neither the evidence nor the remains that he had bragged about.) This was the inverse of fandom: a passionate connection driven by disappointment rather than by admiration. One man became so consumed by the work that his relationship nearly ended.
In January of 2020, after months of research, the collective began posting a series of damning videos on YouTube. They contended that Bourgoin, a “serial mythomaniac,” had fabricated numerous aspects of his life and career. Eileen, for example, was not Bourgoins first wife, as he sometimes claimed (alternatively, he called her his “partner,” “girlfriend,” or “very close friend”): French public records obtained by the group established that his first wife was a Frenchwoman, and that they divorced in 1995. The collective showed that Bourgoin had also given wildly conflicting accounts of the timing, the place, and even the manner of Eileens death. Her supposed killer, furthermore, was nowhere to be found. The 4ème Œil had gone through a list of prisoners awaiting execution in California, and there wasnt a single one who had killed the correct number of people in the time period that Bourgoin had laid out. Nor did they find evidence of a victim who fit the description that Bourgoin had given of Eileen.
Bourgoins professional résumé was as dubious as his personal history. By the collectives reckoning, he had not interviewed seventy-seven serial killers but, rather, more likely only eight or nine. An interview with Charles Manson? Nobody in Mansons camp had ever heard of it. In setting out his credentials, Bourgoin often claimed that the F.B.I. had invited him to complete two six-month training courses at Quantico with Douglass team of profilers. The 4ème Œil contacted Douglas, who, according to the group, replied, “Bourgoin is delusional and an imposter.”
Bourgoins lies ran the spectrum from pointless little fictions to brazen fabulation. In some cases, he tried to make himself sound more important than he was—he really did give talks at the Centre National de Formation à la Police Judiciaire, even if he had nothing to do with creating the law-enforcement bodys profiling unit. He really did know the writer James Ellroy, but a picture of the two of them that he had tweeted wasnt taken “on vacation”; it was from a crime-fiction and film festival. Bourgoin also often took risks that didnt comport with their potential payoff, as when he claimed that he had played professional soccer for seven years with the Red Star Football Club before moving to America. Bourgoin was born in 1953, and by 1976, the year in which Eileen was allegedly murdered, he was supposed to have been living in the U.S. “If his career had lasted for 7 years,” the 4ème Œil deduced, “he would have been pro at 16.” (Red Star: “No trace of him.”)
Bourgoins story wasnt so much a house of cards as a total teardown. Some of his lies hardly made sense except in fulfilling his seemingly irresistible desire to become a character in dramas that didnt concern him. At a talk that he gave to high-school students in 2015, he showed a clip of the interview he had done with the killer Donald Harvey, who was accompanied by his longtime attorney, William Whalen. Bourgoin called Whalen “a very close friend of mine.” He told the students, “Whenever he came to Europe, he stayed at my place in Paris. Unfortunately, last year he committed suicide, and in his suicide note he said that he was ultimately never able to live with the fact that hed defended a killer like Donald Harvey.” Whalen, Bourgoin concluded, was a “new victim” of Harveys. Whalens family told me that they had never heard of Bourgoin, that Whalen had never travelled outside North America, and that Whalen was, to the end, a strong believer in the American judicial system and “very proud of defending Donald Harvey.”
The 4ème Œil even composed a psychological sketch similar to the serial-killer profiles with which Bourgoin had titillated the public: “The typical mythomaniac is fragile, subject to a strong dependence on others, and his faculties of imagination are increased tenfold. Whatever his profile, he is often the first victim of his imaginary stories, which he struggles to distinguish from reality.” The collective described Bourgoin as a “*voleur de vie*”—a stealer of life. “Were by no means accusing Stéphane Bourgoin of being an assassin,” the group wrote. “By *voleur de vie* we mean that he helps himself to pieces of other peoples lives.”
Most cons become harder to keep up the longer they go on, but Bourgoins was cleverly self-sustaining. His lies enabled him to gain the very experience that he lacked, and every jailhouse interview doubled as a master class in manipulation. Blagging his way into prisons and police academies, Bourgoin, in pretending to be a serial-killer expert, at some point actually became one.
The 4ème Œil has extended the right of reply to Bourgoin on several occasions, but he has never responded to the group directly. The closest he came was when he hired a legal adviser who, citing copyright and privacy violations, got the groups videos removed from YouTube. In February of 2020, Bourgoin announced that he was closing his public Facebook page and migrating to a private group. (It has nearly three thousand members, but its administrators blocked me as I was reporting this story.) He was going to be less active on social media, he said, but only because he needed to save all his time and energy for “the most important project of my life,” whose parameters he didnt specify. Almost airily, he mentioned that he had been the victim of a “campaign of cyberbullying and hate on social media” and was being targeted by “bitter and jealous” individuals. Their acts, he declared, were akin to those of people who snitched on their neighbors during the collaborationist regime of Marshal Pétain.
Three months later, with pressure on Bourgoin mounting in the French press, he spoke to Émilie Lanez, of *Paris Match.* “*STéPHANE BOURGOIN, SERIAL LIAR?”* the headline read. “*HE CONFESSES IN MATCH*.” The article was empathetic, attesting to Bourgoins “phenomenal knowledge” and the respect that he commanded in the law-enforcement community, and presenting his lies as an unfortunate sideshow to a largely legitimate career. Bourgoin seemed erratic, toggling between tears and offhandedness, lamenting the weight of his lies but then dismissing them as “bullshit” or “jokes.”
Even as he unburdened himself, Bourgoin was sowing fresh confusion. The article explained, for instance, that Eileen was actually Susan Bickrest, who was murdered by a serial killer near Daytona Beach in 1975. The article described Bickrest as a barmaid and an aspiring cosmetologist who supplemented her income with sex work. Before her death, she and Bourgoin had seen each other “four or five times,” and he had transformed her into his wife because he “didnt want people to know that hed been helping her out financially.” The dates of Bickrests murder and her killers arrest didnt align with the Eileen story, however, and even a cursory glance at photographs of the two women revealed that, except for both having blond hair, they didnt look much alike.
“Day after day, we patiently untangled the threads, trying to distinguish true from false in the jumble of his statements,” Lanez wrote. Engaging with Bourgoins lies, I found, could have a strange generative power, inspiring in those who tried to decipher them the same kind of slippery speculation that they were attempting to resist. Étienne Jallieu, people pointed out, was nearly an anagram for “*Jai tué Eileen*”—“I killed Eileen,” in French. (A more likely derivation is the town of Bourgoin-Jallieu, near Lyon.) A bio of Bourgoin at the end of an old, undated interview claimed that he had sometimes used the alias John Walsh in his adult-film days. John Walsh is a common enough name, but it also happens to be the name of the man who hosted “Americas Most Wanted” for many years. Walshs six-year-old son was murdered in Florida in 1981, and in 2008 Ottis Toole, the Florida drifter with whom Bourgoin joked about barbecue sauce, was posthumously recognized as the childs murderer. Might Bourgoin have refashioned himself as the family member of a victim in imitation of Walsh? Or was his desire for proximity to mass killing born of his work on the films of John Holmes, who was later tried for and acquitted of the so-called Wonderland murders of 1981?
Just when I thought I was gaining some traction on Bourgoins story, a tiny crack would open up, sending me down a new rabbit hole. The *Paris Match* article, for instance, made the unusually specific claim that Bourgoin, in the seventies, lived on the eleventh floor of an apartment building on 155th Street in New York. I remembered that Bourgoin had once given a similar address in a Facebook post, claiming that hed “lived in New York at the moment of the Son of Sams crimes.” That address turned out to be slightly different: 155 East Fifty-fifth Street. Curious, I typed it into a database. One of the first hits was a *Times* article from 1976—the year of Son of Sam—describing an apartment at the address as a “midtown house of prostitution.”
Xaviera Hollander, a former sex worker who now runs a bed-and-breakfast in Amsterdam, confirmed that 155 East Fifty-fifth Street was “the famous, or should I say infamous, apartment building where I started off as the happy hooker,” in the early seventies, but she had no memory of Bourgoin. Hollander added that the building used to be called the “horizontal whorehouse,” where “every floor had one or two hookers.” Eventually, I found the owner of apartment 11-H, where Bourgoin supposedly lived, and he told me that a man named Beau Buchanan had rented it in 1976. A director and producer of porn movies, Buchanan died in 2020. He easily could have known Bourgoin—but did Bourgoin take Buchanans address and make it his own, or had he really lived there?
It seemed a reasonable guess, given the period fashions and the professional composition, that the photograph of Bourgoin and the woman he had identified as Eileen had been taken on one of the movie sets he worked on in the seventies. The 4ème Œil felt reasonably sure that Eileen was Dominique Saint Claire, a well-known adult-film actress of the era. A porn expert I contacted suggested, independently, that Eileen might be Saint Claire, but, looking at the pictures of Saint Claire that were available online, I wasnt convinced. (My attempts to contact Saint Claire were unsuccessful.)
I watched a head-spinning selection of films from the era and called a number of former actors—one was a maker of traditional and erotic chocolates—searching for some hint of Eileen. The movies that Bourgoin wrote are almost impossible to get ahold of, but Jill C. Nelson, a biographer of John Holmes, agreed to mail me a DVD of “Extreme Close-Up” from her personal collection. Its a love-triangle story in which, as the DVDs jacket copy notes, an American writer “is led into a world of European sexual delights where fantasy merges with reality.” I watched the movie attentively—at one point pausing an open-mouthed-orgasm scene to search for a snaggletooth—but none of the women resembled the one in Bourgoins photograph.
In early March, I called Bourgoin from a street corner in a rural village on Frances southwest coast, near where he now lives. I wasnt expecting him to answer; I had tried to contact him before, without much luck. But, to my surprise, he picked up and quickly furnished his address. Several miles down the road, I found him standing in funky green shoes outside a modest house with an orange tiled roof and voile curtains with teapot appliqués and gingham trim.
Bourgoin invited me inside. I noticed, as he made coffee, that his knife rack was shaped like a human body, stuck through with blades at various points: forehead, heart, groin. Eventually, we sat down at a small table in the sunroom. He seemed unruffled by my unannounced visit, almost as though hed been waiting for someone to show up.
[![Woman shown before during and after art school.](https://media.newyorker.com/cartoons/62477f11709363902aed1ed5/master/w_1600%2Cc_limit/220411_a23904.jpg)](https://www.newyorker.com/cartoon/a23904)
A person who was once close to Bourgoin told me that he was an “excellent actor” and “extremely convincing, because, when he lies, he believes it very strongly, and so you believe it, too.” At the table, though, Bourgoin was diffident. He didnt seem to be putting much effort into making me—or, possibly, himself—believe what he said. Or maybe he believed it so deeply that the delivery was no longer relevant. When I asked how many killers he had actually interviewed, he replied, in English, “It depends. Each time I was going to a jail, I asked to meet serial killers other than the ones I was authorized to film or interview. So sometimes at Florida State Prison I met in the courtyard during the promenade—I dont know, two? five?—other serial killers.” He was just as evasive on other subjects. I asked him about the prank that he played on Dahina Sy. “It was a fake spider,” he said, as though that explained everything. (He later claimed that he was unaware of Sys arachnophobia.) When I brought up the rings that Alice, his fathers former wife, had given him, he said that he had called to thank her the next time he was in New York.
His instinct, in tense moments, was to show me his collections: piles of dusty tabloids, stacks of pulp fiction, an attic full of DVDs, desks and dressers and wardrobes containing boxes of old notebooks in which he had dutifully listed and rated, in a prim, upright hand, every film hed seen. When I asked about the apartment at 155 East Fifty-fifth Street, he produced three large envelopes, postmarked in the early fall of 1975 and sent to “Stéphane Bourgoin, A.R.T. Films” at that address. A.R.T., he said, was a distribution company that had belonged to a friend of his, Beau Buchanan. The envelopes didnt shed much light on Bourgoins doings in seventies New York, but for him such objects seemed almost equivalent to experiences.
In an article called “How I Was Bamboozled by Stéphane Bourgoin,” the Swiss journalist Anna Lietti examined her decision to write a mostly positive article about Bourgoin, despite her discomfort with his “overly smooth” presentation. “I was disappointed by the superficiality of my interlocutor and the lack of depth of his remarks,” Lietti, describing him as a sort of human reference book, wrote. “He lined up facts, dates, details, without offering a perspective, an original key to understanding these monsters to which he devoted his life.” In his countryside house, Bourgoin seemed a sad figure—a collector of trivia and paraphernalia, a man who just as easily could have spent decades amassing esoteric toys or obsessing over cryptocurrency, rather than living off the misfortunes of others. It was as though he thought that gathering enough props would make him a protagonist.
“Im sorry that I lied and exaggerated things,” Bourgoin told me, at one point. “But I never raped or killed anybody.”
I asked what lies he was apologizing for.
“All the lies,” he said. But, he added, “there was mostly one important lie that I would do again.”
Bourgoin was referring to the Eileen story—the foundational lie upon which he had constructed his career. He admitted that he had invented her name, and the location of the murder. But, he insisted, he had really had a girlfriend who was murdered by a serial killer. “It was just a young girl that I met three times that I had sex with,” he said. Later, he was more explicit: “I invented that story because I was afraid that people would think that . . . I paid for a prostitute.”
Bourgoin didnt want to give the womans name, even if I promised not to publish it. I asked if he could at least give me the identity of the woman in the photograph, but he claimed not to remember. “I think she was Spanish!” he added later.
The only time Bourgoin truly came alive was when he talked about the anonymous collective that had brought him down. We stood in his office, surrounded by fright masks and first editions, and he said that he was “quite happy it came out, but not the way that the 4ème Œil did it.” He asked me if Id looked into the groups membership. “You must have done some research on the people who accused me,” he said, suggesting that I get to work on a counter-investigation of his investigators.
Claude-Marie Dugué found out that her brother had been lying to her for half a century when the *Paris Match* article came out. She had never suspected it, but the news didnt shock her. “Nothing surprises me in my family,” she said. Nor was she offended, on a personal level, by the breach of trust. “He didnt really deceive me,” she said. “He let me into his world.”
Dugués son, Julien Cuny, told me that one quote from the article jumped out at him. “*Parfois, je me fais des films dans ma tête. Jai toujours voulu quon maime*,” it read. “Sometimes I make films in my head. Ive always wanted to be loved.” Cuny is an accomplished tech executive in Montreal, but he has always been daunted by his familys distinction. To him, Bourgoins words were an almost inevitable response to an overwhelming mythology, “a phantasmagoric picture of distant family members (you almost never meet) who are always on an adventure somewhere.”
The first time Dugué and I exchanged e-mails, she told me something that I wasnt expecting: she was the product of an extramarital relationship between Jean Bourgoin and her mother, Béatrice Pourchasse, as was her sister, who was born thirteen months before her. The girls lived with their mother in the Fourth Arrondissement. Jean Bourgoin lived with his family—Franziska and Stéphane—across town. Jean organized his parallel lives strictly, keeping them “watertight,” Dugué recalled, but she always felt loved by her father, who “followed and protected his liaison with my mother until the end,” providing money for the family, keeping track of the girls studies, and seeing them regularly. Even if he didnt live with them, Dugué said, she felt immense pride “to be the daughter of such a man.”
One day, Dugué decided that she wanted to meet her younger brother. She was in her early twenties, and had known about him her entire life. He was maybe sixteen, a high schooler, and had no idea that she existed. “I posted myself discreetly inside the building where he lived, waiting for his return from the Lycée Carnot,” Dugué recalled. When he came home, she introduced herself: his secret sister. “He hardly believed me,” Dugué remembered. Nonetheless, they immediately got along. She remembered Bourgoin as a shy and serious boy with round glasses, adrift in a world of extravagantly accomplished adults. “How must Stéphane have perceived himself next to these two exceptional parents, crushed by so much strength and power?” she said. “He was happy to discover all at once that he had two sisters, and we started to communicate amongst ourselves.” They sent long letters between their fathers two households, written in violet ink.
The incident may have been Bourgoins initiation into the power of secret lives. “Back to my childhood I felt I didnt do enough compared to my parents,” Bourgoin told me. “So I had always an inferiority complex.” Cuny echoed the sentiment. “I decided very early on that having a normal life means boring, and that would be the most horrible thing that could happen to me,” he told me. “My bet is Stéphane would prefer this outcome to being a local accountant who never left town.”
In “My Conversations with Killers,” Bourgoin wrote, “The immense majority of serial killers are inveterate liars from a very young age. Isolated, marginalized in their lives, they take refuge in the imaginary to construct a personality, far from the mediocre reality of their existence.” “*Parfois, je me fais des films dans ma tête. Jai toujours voulu quon maime*,” Bourgoin said, as though he were performing a voice-over for his own life. “Sometimes I make films in my head. Ive always wanted to be loved.” ♦
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# The twisted mind of a serial romance scammer
On the morning of July 9, 2018, Heather Rovet heard a knock at her door. Shed been expecting a handyman to fix the kitchen cabinets in her midtown condo, and she assumed it would be the same chubby older gentleman that the renovation company had sent last time. But when she opened the door, she found a striking man in his 40s with salt-and-pepper hair and an adorable smile split by a tiny gap between his front teeth.
The repairman introduced himself as Jace Peretti. Heather invited him in, and they chatted as Jace fixed the cabinets. When he was done, she asked if he wouldnt mind helping install towel bars in her bathrooms, and he agreed. As he was working, they got so lost in conversation—talking about his son, how he used to be a software engineer, how he loved working with his hands—that, after Jace left, Heather realized they installed one of the bars wrong. When Jace returned to fix it, she invited him out to lunch, which led to texting and, eventually, a proper date.
Over dinner at Capocaccia Trattoria, they got to know one another. Heather was 46 at the time, a real estate agent with wavy light-brown hair and the polished charm of a person who works in sales. Shed grown up in Toronto, the daughter of a psychologist and a lawyer. Jace, a jeans-and-T-shirt kind of guy who rode a motorcycle and spoke in clipped sentences, told her that he was born in Italy and that his family moved to Canada when he was a toddler. His parents died young, he said, and he was estranged from his younger brother. He told her hed been married before, and that he had a young son from another relationship who lived with his mother. He explained that he coped with his losses by compartmentalizing his emotions. Heather felt for him and appreciated how open he was. To her, honesty was the bedrock of a healthy relationship.
After dinner, Jace walked her home. As they awkwardly shuffled their feet in her condo doorway, she decided to kiss him. Jace tossed aside his motorcycle helmet and backed her into a wall, making out with her until she couldnt breathe. It was the best kiss shed ever had.
Within a few months of dating, Jace met Heathers parents. He grew close with her mother—“Ma,” as he began calling her. He showed her pictures of his own mother and told her a gut-wrenching story about her death. Soon, Jace was affectionately referring to Heathers mom as his “not-in-law.”
By October, Jace had a key to Heathers condo and spent most of his time there. He was a night owl—he said hed picked up a new software job, and he was on his computer late into the evening—so Heather often went to bed before him. In the morning, shed wake up wrapped around him, her face snuggled into the curve of his shoulder blade. Hed roll over and theyd lie there, entangled—an intimate moment before the day rushed in.
As much as she liked Jace, Heather was wary. In her experience, men in their 40s wanted women in their 30s. Shed also recently had her trust broken. A year earlier, Heather had invested $127,000 with a smooth-talking businessman who promised to double her money in the stock market. Instead, he stole it. He was convicted and ordered to repay her, but she hadnt received any money and didnt expect to.
As Heather and Jace got closer, he confessed to his own mistakes. He told her hed spent some time in prison—he vaguely explained it as a miscommunication with an ex-girlfriend over credit card charges that had been exacerbated by bad legal advice. Again, Heather valued his honesty and downplayed the situation. “Martha Stewarts been to jail,” she said. “Who cares?”
Jace was clearly self-conscious about his history. If he moved her things while cleaning, hed tell her, “I dont want you to ever think Ive taken anything from you.” When an iPhone he bought her went missing, he accused the building concierge and nearly got her fired.
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_heather_jace1-368x0-c-default.jpg)
Within months, Heather and Jace were inseparable
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_heather_jace3-368x0-c-default.jpg)
He met her parents and spent most nights at her midtown condo
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_heather_jace2.jpg)
Over the next couple of years, other items started to disappear. A friends Rolex vanished during a cottage weekend. Heathers parents lost $1,000 in U.S. cash, as well as a Tiffany necklace, a gold-and-diamond wedding band and a diamond engagement ring. The family suspected the cleaning lady—she could have found the key to their safe hidden in the underwear drawer. When they questioned her, she quit, insulted by the insinuation.
Heather never imagined that it could have been Jace. She was happy with how their relationship was progressing. When she felt low, Jace told her he loved her and promised a better future. They booked an all-inclusive winter getaway to the Dominican Republic, but just before the vacation, Jace backed out, claiming his passport renewal hadnt gone through in time. To make it up to her, he dropped to one knee. “I would marry you right now if I could,” he told her.
On Heathers 48th birthday, Jace surprised her with two tickets to Rome. At the last minute, however, he backed out again, saying he had to go to family court; he was in a legal battle with his ex-girlfriend over custody of their son. Heather wanted to meet the boy, but Jace demurred. He told her he wanted the case to wrap up before introducing them, to avoid rocking the boat. But it seemed to drag on forever, and Jace kept asking her to wait a few more weeks.
In May of 2020, a friend told Heather that she had some alarming news: shed found Jaces photos on Bumble under a different name. Unwilling to believe that her dream guy was cheating on her, Heather dismissed it: people steal photographs from the web for dating profiles all the time. But the friend suspected something wasnt right, so she did some digging and sent Heather a copy of a family court judgment shed found online under the name Jason Porter. Heather had seen the name before on the cover of a court binder from Jaces custody battle with his ex-girlfriend. At the time, he told her it was a pseudonym he used while “climbing the corporate world.” She took him at his word.
It wasnt the name that worried her most; it was the fact that the court judgment mentioned not one boy, but two—an incongruity with what Jace had told her. When she confronted him, he said he knew nothing about it. “If those were my kids,” he told her, “do you not think I would be fighting for them?” After all, hadnt he sacrificed a trip to Italy to try to retain custody of his son? Heather gave him the benefit of the doubt. By then, theyd been dating for two years.
In September of 2020, Heather and Jace moved out of her condo and signed a two-year lease on a large brick house in Aurora. Heather paid first and last months rent because Jace said his money was tied up in the custody case. The home had a three-car garage and sat on five acres of forest and rolling hills. She loved the wild turkeys that roamed the property and the furniture that Jace built for their new place: a dresser, a bed frame, a dining table. They talked about having a backyard wedding. Heather grew excited to finally meet Jaces son, who lived nearby. She even kitted out a room for the boy, buying him a captains bed so he would feel at home when he visited.
Living in a new town and worn out by the hustle of real estate, Heather began casting about for a new pursuit. It felt serendipitous, then, when Jace presented an exciting opportunity. Through his kitchen renovation work, he knew two people who were selling a boutique furniture and home decor business, after their King Street East storefront had closed during the pandemic. The asking price for the company and all of its inventory was just $10,000, but the buyer would also assume a $40,000 company loan. For Heather, it was an easy decision. As a real estate agent, she knew design, how to sell and how to run a business. Jace could develop a website and maybe build some furniture, too. Plus, their home had a large, well-lit basement with a separate entrance that could serve as a showroom.
Heather bought the business and made Jace a director. She told herself that hed chip in when he could. Instead, he started using her company debit card for personal purchases like groceries, gas and work supplies. He told her not to fret; hed lost his company card, he said, and he would pay her back. Worried but wanting to believe him, she acquiesced.
By the summer of 2021, Heather was less concerned about Jaces finances and more preoccupied with a sudden shift in his demeanour. That June, Ontario began to emerge from a year of tight Covid restrictions. Instead of venturing back into the world, Jace withdrew into himself. He seemed to be working all the time. When he wasnt, he said he was exhausted. Rather than smother Heather with love, as shed come to expect, he was perpetually cranky. When she invited him to events—her cousins barbecue, dinner with friends—hed never give a straight yes or no. He refused to commit to anything and would get rude and abusive when she pressed him. Increasingly suspicious, Heather accused him of cheating on her. In a rage, he denied it.
By August, Jace was hardly around. Hed vanish for days at a time without explanation. He agreed to couples therapy but showed up only intermittently. Dejected, Heather resigned herself to the fact that they would break up.
On the Friday before Labour Day, while Jace was pulling one of his disappearing acts, Heather bought a new computer—she had shared one with Jace, but she often confused passwords and locked herself out by typing the wrong one too many times. When she signed into a browser on the new device, a notification popped up directing her to a list of saved passwords. Curious, she tried one of the passwords on their shared computer, and it worked. She opened Jaces email account, determined to figure out what was going on.
She wasnt prepared for what she found. As Heather scrolled, she discovered Jace was on several dating apps: Plenty of Fish, eHarmony, Match.com. Hed been talking to hundreds of women under fake names—Don, Donato, Mike—not just in the tumultuous recent months, but for years. She found Kijiji listings and bills of sale for jewellery, including her mothers Tiffany ring. She couldnt believe what she was seeing.
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_bumble-368x0-c-default.jpg)
While courting Heather, Jace was active on several dating apps, talking to hundreds of women under different names
Suddenly, Heather remembered the Bumble photos, the legal documents and the name Jason Porter. She googled the name and found headlines going back 10 years about a romance scammer the press had dubbed “Online Romeo.” She glommed onto a quote from an assistant Crown attorney who described Jasons breaches of trust as “egregious.” Heather stared at Jasons mugshot, then Jaces photo. They were identical. She cycled fast through emotions: shock, incredulity, disgust, panic. *Fuck,* she thought, *what did I ignore?*
The typical advice to avoid falling prey to a romance scam probably wouldnt have helped Heather. Watch out, the experts say, when your new flame doesnt want to meet in person. Beware when he asks you to invest in his fledgling business. Definitely dont send him nude photos. But what about when he knocks on your door and generously installs a towel bar? What if he never outright asks you for money? What if hes a great kisser who sleeps in your bed for three years?
Such fraudsters sustain long cons through psychological manipulation. They explain away every red flag—tied-up money, cancelled trips, alter egos—with such nonchalance that their targets can feel crazy for even suspecting something might be amiss. The longer the relationship continues, the more time works in the offenders favour: their victims become less able to see the scam for what it is. Its only in retrospect—when its too late—that the evidence seems obvious.
In Canada, romance scams are one of the most common cybercrimes. Last year was particularly fruitful for online Romeos, who took advantage of the fact that single people, forced into isolation by the pandemic, went looking for love online in greater numbers than ever before. According to the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, fraudsters bilked more than 600 victims out of $31.6 million in the first nine months of 2021. Thats compared to $17.8 million in the entirety of 2017.
And those are just the cons we know about. Romance scamming is an underreported crime. Victims tend to be generous risk-takers who trust too much and question too little. Like Heather, they are most often women, middle-aged and looking for love. Some dont even know theyve been duped. Others choose not to report out of shame or embarrassment, afraid that people will blame them for being gullible rather than condemning the person who conned them.
Because he told so many lies, its hard to discern the whole sordid story of Jace Peretti, but the truth goes something like this. He was born Jason Owen Donald Porter on December 21, 1974. His mother, Christine, was 20. His father, who Jason says was an alcoholic, stayed long enough to give him a younger brother in 1978, then Christine left him and took the kids. Not long after, Christine met Bob, a young local radio announcer in Kitchener. “\[Bob\] was everything my father wasnt,” Jason has said. But in 1984, Bob died at the age of 25. His passing devastated Jason, who was only nine. He reportedly left Kitchener to live with his biological father in Toronto, where he was in and out of youth detention centres for swiping credit cards, breaking and entering and stealing cars. Then, in the summer of 1993, when he was 18, his mother died in a car accident.
Jason has said that his mothers death inspired him to leave crime behind. In reality, he was just getting started. When his estranged younger brother received an inheritance, Jason asked him for $5,000 to start a new life in British Columbia. He took the money and instead went on vacation. Jason claimed to hold a computer science degree from the University of Waterloo, though he never actually attended, and he told his girlfriends that he also worked as a software engineer. His lies seemed to work in business and romance alike.
He met his future wife in 2002 and married her the following year. They had their first son in 2004 and a second in 2006. Their four-year marriage was marked by Jasons lies and aggression. He threatened her on multiple occasions, and she called the police several times. In 2007, when she asked for a divorce, Jason put his fist through a wall. She took the kids and fled.
Over the next week, Jason bombarded her with different ways he planned to kill himself—he even prepared a goodbye video that he wanted her to play for the kids. Paramedics were called to attend to Jason at least four times that week, at least once by his wife when he told her hed guzzled 90 pills and downed two bottles of liquor. The police broke down the door of the marital home, where they found him, drunk. He later drank bleach and turpentine in front of his wife, then crumpled to the ground. Police took him in handcuffs to the hospital for an involuntary 48-hour hold. They advised him to see a psychologist.
In December 2007, Jasons soon-to-be ex-wife filed for sole custody and a restraining order, stating that she was afraid he would kill her, given his propensity for violence. In the filing, she also wrote that Jason had a history “of recounting events and reversing the roles of the people involved.” Proving her right, he reported her to the Childrens Aid Society, wrongfully claiming shed abused their children and sending them a doctored photo of his son with a giant bruise on his neck. CAS closed the file when they discovered the picture was fake.
Jasons inconsistency was hard on his kids. According to his ex-wife, his youngest son found their weekend visits disturbing and disruptive. In 2008—during the last summer that Jason had access to his kids unsupervised—he sent them home with bad scrapes and bumps on the head. One son had a facial injury that required stitches, and the other had a gash on his head from being hit by a tape measure while playing unsupervised.
Afterwards, Jason accused his ex-wife of keeping his sons from him, despite the fact that his brother and sister-in-law offered to supervise visits. He began disappearing for long stretches of time. Once, he broke into the boathouse at his former father-in-laws cottage. He also took $15,000 worth of stereo equipment from the neighbours cottage.
All the while, Jason invented workarounds that would win him back his kids. He bought a phony anger-management certificate online. He fabricated the addresses of places he claimed to live. He filed erroneous forms to prevent his ex-wifes lawyer from accessing his criminal record and medical files. He was the picture of compliance in his affidavits, professing to be the bigger person in the relationship. “I am making my best efforts to keep these proceedings clear of negative comments, finger pointing and accusations,” he wrote in one affidavit. He later claimed to have found God. “I pray every day for my two boys and their mother,” he said. “Ive been diligently trying to get my life back in order.”
Jason remained adamant that he was not a danger to his children. To prove it, he voluntarily underwent a psychological evaluation, which included five hours of interviews and a test designed to catch embellishments and falsehoods. The psychologist concluded that Jason was charming and socially appropriate, if occasionally hyperactive, with some narcissistic traits. “\[He\] appears to have been generally honest in the manner in which he is representing himself,” the psychologist wrote, demonstrating Jasons immense powers of persuasion.
In January of 2009, still bitter about the divorce, Jason launched a short-lived website “geared solely to help fathers and ex-husbands disprove their ex-wifes \[sic\] slanderous lies and mistruths when the courts fail.” The sites obvious purpose was revenge and humiliation; it claimed that it would include nude photos and forums to discuss family court cases. On it, Jason quoted himself saying, “Over the last 35 years men have been stripped down naked by these vulture applicant lawyers, everything exposed for the courts and their peers to hear, and feeling like your worth less then \[sic\] the two dimes you have left in your pocket afterward.”
By 2011, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice recognized Jasons efforts to regain custody for what they were: disingenuous and abusive. “The record establishes that he is manipulative and committed to a war of attrition through litigation at the same time that he is intent on avoiding compliance with court orders that require him to pay support, make disclosure and pay costs,” wrote one justice in a May 2011 ruling. “His commitment to dishonesty appears to be pathological.” Jason never regained custody.
Throughout the late 2000s, as Jason cycled in and out of jail and failed to show up for supervised visits with his kids, he devoted himself to running a round-the-clock romance scam operation. He lied about his past and his work and even convinced one woman theyd attended Waterloo together. At first, Jason appeared to be the consummate boyfriend, cleaning his girlfriends apartments and cooking them dinner. He professed his love to them early and often, and he frequently talked about marriage. He booked elaborate vacations—only to back out at the last minute. To cover up short stints in jail, he claimed to be on business trips in China and Africa. Behind the womens backs, he was pilfering their jewellery, selling their luxury watches and taking their cars for joyrides. One of his victims wrote in an affidavit, “In a short period of time, Jason has had a devastating impact on my life.”
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_jewellery-368x0-c-default.jpg)
Jace sold stolen jewellery, including a Tiffany ring that belonged to Heathers mom, at pawn shops and online
In 2009, Jason got sloppy. While attending a wedding with a woman he was dating at the time, he stole a wallet and was caught using the money to buy prepaid cards, gas and cigarettes. He spent about four months in jail for the crime, then another eight behind bars for various infractions the following year. In November of 2011, the Toronto Police Service shared his mugshot, stating that they believed he had other victims. In January, he was arrested. He pleaded guilty to 15 charges—including several counts of fraud under $5,000, breaking and entering, and obtaining credit cards through fraud—and was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison.
When Jason was released in 2014, with little education or credible work history, he jumped right back into his fraudulent ways. He started going by Jace Parratti—sometimes spelled Peretti—and met a new mark on Match.com. By the fall, hed moved in with her. By the spring of 2015, they had a son. Her three years with Jace were full of disappearances: credit cards and jewellery went missing, money vanished from her account and from another set up for their son. Jace even appeared to have stolen from his own toddlers piggy bank. He conned their nanny out of $500, too; he borrowed her credit card under the nonsensical pretense of paying her taxes. The girlfriend found out that hed also been opening her fathers bank statements and practising his signature.
After kicking Jace out, the woman searched every inch of the house. She found jewellery shed never seen before, a neighbours passport and a newspaper delivery bag that belonged to a boy down the road. She discovered a receipt from a pawn shop and, when she visited the store, found her grandmothers ring, which had been missing for nearly a year. She soon realized Jace wasnt paying their bills, and that hed put a temporary stop on her mail, likely to prevent her from finding out. In February of 2019, the courts gave her sole custody of their son.
By that time, Jace had gotten a job at a kitchen renovation company through an unemployment agency. When he was fired for refusing to follow his supervisors instructions, he was already spending most of his nights at Heathers condo.
When Heather, like so many women before her, discovered Jaces true identity, she didnt know what to do. Shed spent the entire summer feeling responsible for ruining their relationship, only to learn that shed been the victim of an unthinkable betrayal. She was angry, she was hurt, and she was stuck on the fact that hed told her he loved her barely a week earlier. The Labour Day weekend was a blur. She called a friend, her sister, her parents, and then a lawyer and the police. “Its not a crime to talk to women online,” an officer told her. But if she felt unsafe in her home, they added, she should leave.
Heather tried to figure out how to untangle herself from Jace. There was the house, the business, a Mercedes SUV her father was selling to Jace. (Hed already made a down payment and taken the car.) On Sunday night, heeding a police officers advice, Heathers father texted Jace that hed need to return the Mercedes or else it would be reported stolen.
When he got the text, Jace immediately called Heather. She didnt pick up, so he texted her that hed be home in 20 minutes. Panicked, she called the police again. Jace arrived first. By that time, Heather had changed the locks, so he pried open a window and climbed in. While they were waiting for the cops, Heather confronted Jace. “I know everything,” she told him—that he had lied, cheated and stolen, that he had more kids. Unnaturally calm, he denied it all and made himself a coffee. When the police arrived, Jace offered them a cup, too.
The officers spoke to Jace and Heather separately. Her heart thumped fast as one of the cops told her that Jace had alleged shed assaulted him and that he could press charges. Heather vehemently denied Jaces accusation and explained her side of the story. Ultimately, the officers recorded it as a domestic dispute. No charges were laid.
Heather moved into her parents condo, while Jace stayed in the house. She convinced their landlord to draw up a form releasing them from the lease, but Jace wouldnt sign. So Heather instead submitted an N15 form, which offers victims a quick, safe exit from abusive households. In January, Heathers landlord called to say that Jace hadnt been paying rent, and that they were evicting him. The following month, the Toronto Real Estate Board put out a warning about Jace, alleging that he defaulted on his Aurora rent, stole from past landlords and rented—and failed to return—furniture using a cancelled credit card. Beware, the warning said, of this “habitual fraudster.”
With Jace finally gone, Heather began to unravel his lies. When she sold the captains bed shed bought for his son, she pulled out the drawers and discovered that, in the empty spaces behind them, Jace had been hiding receipts, foreign coins, social assistance letters, overdue bills, empty Cartier bags, and a court decision from Jaces custody case, which had been settled for more than two years. She couldnt help but wonder how much of their relationship was a ruse. It went all the way back to the beginning, she realized. The pilfered jewellery, the missing cash, the lost watch—it had all been Jace. Even the plane tickets to Italy were fake.
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_bank_letter-e1646770658388-368x0-c-default.jpg)
After Jace left, Heather found overdue bills and letters from his bank
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_ticket2-e1646770686368-368x0-c-default.jpg)
She also realized the tickets to Rome that he supposedly bought her for her birthday were fake
To help sort fact from fiction, Heather made a timeline of their relationship and a spreadsheet of suspicious bank transactions and unpaid bills. Jace owed thousands for utilities on their Aurora home, plus hundreds more in phone bills and credit card charges. When she revisited her bank statements, she realized money had left her account in small, unsuspicious increments. Its hard to say exactly how much Jace took, but, between the money and jewellery he stole, the loans he took out and the bills he never paid, Heathers family is now out upwards of $200,000.
Jace faces only two charges for what he did to Heather and her family: theft under $5,000 and possession of property obtained by crime. Theres not enough evidence to prove much else; Jace wiped his computer before leaving. The case will likely last several months. In a brief email exchange, Jace declined an interview request. “Was everything sensationalized, absolutely,” he wrote. He claimed he couldnt say more because he had to protect his children. I also reached out to Jasons family members, but none of them responded to interview requests.
How many women has Jace wooed? How much has he stolen from them? How many lives has he indelibly damaged? Last fall, Heather sent a flurry of messages to women who had dated or talked to Jace, detailing what he did to her. “My name is Heather Rovet and up until a couple of months ago I had been in what I thought was a loving, committed, long-term relationship with Jace Peretti,” she wrote. So far, six women have responded and opened up to her about how they fell for his act. One of them, who met Jace on Plenty of Fish and talked to him over the phone but never met him in person, thanked Heather for the warning. “I think I would have been at great risk of being completely taken in by his charm,” she told me.
![](https://torontolife.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ROMEO_heather-368x0-c-default.jpg)
Heathers family is out upwards of $200,000 because of Jace. He faces just two charges. Photo by Monika Puschova
Heather is now trying to move on. She spent the winter in Thailand, hoping to find some peace and thinking about how she can use her experience to help other women. For now, she is hanging onto jewellery that Jace gave her—she suspects he stole the pieces from other victims—in case she one day meets their rightful owners. “Who are the other women he was stringing along when I was in my happiest place?” she wonders. “They were probably happy, too.”
---
*This story appears in the April 2022 issue of* Toronto Life *magazine*. *To subscribe for just $24.99 a year, click [here](https://secure.torontolife.com/subscribe.php?key=C2018ARTC).*
&emsp;
&emsp;
---
`$= dv.el('center', 'Source: ' + dv.current().Link + ', ' + dv.current().Date.toLocaleString("fr-FR"))`

@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ CollapseMetaTable: Yes
---
Parent:: [[@News|News]]
Read:: No
Read:: [[2022-04-13]]
---

@ -116,7 +116,8 @@ hide task count
&emsp;
- [ ] [[@Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian 🔼 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-04-12
- [ ] [[@Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian 🔼 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-05-10
- [x] [[@Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian 🔼 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-04-12 ✅ 2022-04-11
- [x] [[@Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian 🔼 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-03-08 ✅ 2022-03-08
- [x] [[@Finances]]: update crypto prices within Obsidian 🔼 🔁 every month on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-02-08 ✅ 2022-02-05

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Priority: "Medium"
Status: "In-progress"
StartDate: 2021-08-12
DueDate: 2022-03-15
NextReviewDate: &RD 2022-03-31
NextReviewDate: &RD 2022-12-31
TimeStamp: 2021-08-29
location: [51.514678599999996, -0.18378583926867909]
fc-calendar: "D2D Calendar"

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Priority: "Low"
Status: "In-progress"
StartDate: 2021-08-12
DueDate: 2022-12-31
NextReviewDate: &RD 2022-03-31
NextReviewDate: &RD 2022-05-31
TimeStamp: 2021-08-12
locations:
CollapseMetaTable: yes

@ -70,7 +70,8 @@ This section on different household obligations.
#### Garbage collection
- [ ] [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2022-04-12
- [ ] [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2022-04-26
- [x] [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2022-04-12 ✅ 2022-04-11
- [x] [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2022-03-29 ✅ 2022-03-28
- [x] [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2022-03-15 ✅ 2022-03-14
- [x] [[Household]]: *Paper* recycling collection 🔁 every 2 weeks on Tuesday 📅 2022-03-01 ✅ 2022-03-01

@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
---
ServingSize: 4
cssclass: recipeTable
Alias: []
Tag: ["NotYetTested"]
Date: 2022-04-12
DocType: "Recipe"
Hierarchy: "NonRoot"
location:
CollapseMetaTable: Yes
Meta:
IsFavourite: False
Rating:
Recipe:
Courses: "Main dish"
Categories: "Pasta"
Collections: "Italian"
Source: https://www.bonappetit.com/recipe/big-shells-with-spicy-lamb-sausage-and-pistachios
PreparationTime:
CookingTime: 45
OServingSize: 4
Ingredients:
- 1 bunch broccoli rabe
- 3 Tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 lb. spicy lamb or hot Italian pork sausage, casings removed
- 12 oz. jumbo shells or paccheri
- 1 pinch Kosher salt
- 4 cloves garlic, thinly sliced
- 1 pinch Freshly ground black pepper
- 4 Tbsp. unsalted butter, cut into pieces
- 1 tsp. finely grated lemon zest
- 2 Tbsp. fresh lemon juice
- 0.33 cup coarsely chopped raw pistachios
- 1 bowl Finely grated Parmesan (for serving)
---
Parent:: [[@@Recipes|Recipes]], [[@Main dishes|Main dishes]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Edit Recipe parameters
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-BigShellsWithSpicyLambSausageandPistachiosEdit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-BigShellsWithSpicyLambSausageandPistachiosNSave
&emsp;
# Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Practical Informations
```dataview
list without id
"<table><tbody><tr><td><a class=heading>Courses</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.Recipe.Courses + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Categories</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.Recipe.Categories + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Collections</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.Recipe.Collections + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Serving size</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.ServingSize + "</span></td></tr>"
+
"<tr><td><a class=heading>Cooking time</a></td>"
+
"<td><span style='color: var(--footnote);'>" + this.Recipe.CookingTime + " min</span></td></tr></tbody></table>"
FROM "03.03 Food & Wine/Big Shells With Spicy Lamb Sausage and Pistachios"
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Ingredients
&emsp;
```dataviewjs
dv.view("00.01 Admin/dv-views/query_ingredient", {ingredients: dv.current().Ingredients, originalportioncount: dv.current().Recipe.OServingSize})
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Instructions
&emsp;
#### Step 1
Trim thick stems from broccoli rabe and reserve for another use (like a stir-fry). Coarsely chop greens and remaining tender stems; set aside.
&emsp;
#### Step 2
Heat oil in a large Dutch oven or other heavy pot over medium-high. Using your hands, grab small clumps of sausage (youre going for rustic meatballs about the size of a golf ball) and add to pot. Cook, turning each piece as it becomes crusty, until deeply golden brown all over, about 4 minutes. Using a slotted spoon, transfer sausage to a plate, leaving fat behind. Remove pot from heat and reserve. If sausage has given off a lot of fat, tip some of it into a bowl; you want about 2 Tbsp. left in the pot (save the rest for another use—like frying eggs).
&emsp;
#### Step 3
Meanwhile, cook pasta in a large pot of generously salted boiling water, stirring occasionally, until just shy of al dente, about 1 minute less than package directions (itll finish cooking in the sauce). Drain pasta, reserving 1½ cups pasta cooking liquid.
&emsp;
#### Step 4
Set reserved pot with fat over medium-low heat. Add garlic and cook, stirring and scraping up any browned bits, until softened slightly, about 2 minutes. Add reserved broccoli rabe, season with salt and pepper, and cook, stirring, until greens are wilted and bright green, about 4 minutes. Return sausage to pot along with any juices on the plate. Break up sausage into smaller but still coarse pieces with a wooden spoon.
&emsp;
#### Step 5
Add butter, pasta, and ¾ cup pasta cooking liquid to pot. Cook, tossing often and adding more pasta cooking liquid a tablespoon or two at a time if needed, until pasta is coated in sauce, about 3 minutes. Remove from heat, add lemon zest and lemon juice, and toss to coat.
&emsp;
#### Step 6
Divide pasta among bowls and top with pistachios and Parmesan.
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -179,11 +179,13 @@ The following Apps require a manual backup:
- [x] [[Storage and Syncing|Storage & Sync]]: Backup Standard Notes (PC) 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Friday 📅 2022-01-07 ✅ 2022-01-08
- [x] [[Storage and Syncing|Storage & Sync]]: Backup Standard Notes (PC) 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Friday 📅 2021-10-03 ✅ 2022-01-03
- [x] Backup Standard Notes (PC) 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Friday ✅ 2021-10-02
- [ ] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Thursday 📅 2022-04-10
- [ ] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Thursday 📅 2022-07-07
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Thursday 📅 2022-04-10 ✅ 2022-04-11
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Thursday 📅 2022-01-06 ✅ 2022-01-08
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Thursday 📅 2021-10-14 ✅ 2022-01-08
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for Anchor|Anchor Wallet]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 1st Thursday ✅ 2021-10-13
- [ ] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-04-12
- [ ] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-07-12
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-04-12 ✅ 2022-04-11
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2022-01-11 ✅ 2022-01-11
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 2nd Tuesday 📅 2021-10-14 ✅ 2022-01-08
- [x] Backup [[Storage and Syncing#Instructions for iPhone|iPhone]] 🔁 every 3 months on the 2nd Tuesday ✅ 2021-10-13

@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
---
Alias: [""]
Tag: ["Cloud", "Storage", "Blockchain"]
Date: 2022-04-11
DocType: "Product"
Hierarchy: "NonRoot"
TimeStamp:
location:
Product:
Type: "Cloud"
Link: https://storj.io
Value: free
CollapseMetaTable: yes
---
Parent:: [[@Computer Set Up|Computer Setup]], [[Storage and Syncing|Storage & Sync]], [[Crypto Investments|Crypto Investment]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Edit Product parameters
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-StorjProdEdit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-StorjProdSave
&emsp;
# Storj
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Decentralised storage for professional/dev use originally
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Characteristics
&emsp;
[Storj](https://storj.io) is a decentralised storage capability dedicated for developpers with a free 150 GB tier.
&emsp;
#### Desk-/Laptop
Command-line access as per the below
&emsp;
#### Web portal
[EU1](https://eu1.storj.io/login)
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Basic CLI Commands
&emsp;
#### Create a bucket
```ad-command
~~~bash
uplink mb sj://<BUCKET NAME>
~~~
```
&emsp;
#### Copy data
```ad-command
~~~bash
uplink cp <ORIGIN> <DEST>
~~~
```
&emsp;
#### Explore bucket
```ad-command
~~~bash
uplink ls sj://<BUCKET NAME>
~~~
```
&emsp;
#### Generate Sharing Link
```ad-command
~~~bash
uplink share --url sj://<DATA ADDRESS>
~~~
```
&emsp;
#### Help
```ad-command
~~~bash
uplink --help
~~~
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Pricing
&emsp;
**Free tier**
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Documentation
&emsp;
[Storj - Decentralized Cloud Storage](https://www.storj.io/)
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
---
Alias: [""]
Tag: ["QR", "Code"]
Date: 2022-04-11
DocType: "Product"
Hierarchy: "NonRoot"
TimeStamp:
location:
Product:
Type: Utility
Link: https://zint.org.uk
Value: free
CollapseMetaTable: yes
---
Parent:: [[@Computer Set Up|Computer Setup]], [[Applications]], [[VPS Console Dialogue|CLI]]
---
&emsp;
```button
name Edit Product parameters
type command
action MetaEdit: Run MetaEdit
id EditMetaData
```
^button-ZintProdEdit
```button
name Save
type command
action Save current file
id Save
```
^button-ZintProdSave
&emsp;
# Zint
&emsp;
```ad-abstract
title: Summary
collapse: open
Product Description
```
&emsp;
```toc
style: number
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Characteristics
&emsp;
Zint is a Command Line Interface for generating QR codes.
It is installed through `brew` on my day-to-day Mac.
&emsp;
#### Command structure
The command is articulated as follows:
```ad-command
~~~bash
zint -b <CODE NOMENCLATURE> -o <PATH> --vers=<CODE VERSION> -d "<TO ENCODE>"
~~~
```
All parameters are well documented on the website of the provider of zint. A QR code has nomenclature 58, for example.
The `d` parameter is expanded a little further in the following section.
&emsp;
#### Data to encode
Originally designed for text or URLs, QR codes can encode more complex information that can be passed on. Below is a recap of a few useful ways to use a QR code.
&emsp;
##### WiFi credentials
Encoding follows this nomenclature:
```ad-command
~~~bash
WIFI:S:<NAME>;T:<WEP|WPA|else...>;P:<PW>
~~~
```
&emsp;
##### Geo-location
Encoding with relative coordinates:
```ad-command
~~~bash
geo:x.xxxx,y.yyyyy
~~~
```
&emsp;
##### Messenging services
1. **SMS**
```ad-command
~~~bash
smsto:<PHONE NUMBER>,text
~~~
```
&emsp;
2. **Whatsapp**
```ad-command
~~~bash
https://wa.me/<PHONE NUMBER>?text=<urlencodedtext>
~~~
```
&emsp;
3. **Signal**
```ad-command
~~~bash
https://signal.me/#p/+<PHONE NUMBER>
~~~
```
&emsp;
4. **Telegram**
```ad-command
~~~bash
https://wa.me/<PHONE NUMBER>?text=<urlencodedtext>
~~~
```
&emsp;
5. **Email**
```ad-command
~~~bash
mailto:<EMAIL ADD>?subject=<SUBJECT>&body=<BODY>
~~~
```
&emsp;
---
&emsp;
### Documentation
&emsp;
[Zint | Home](https://zint.org.uk)
&emsp;
&emsp;

@ -237,11 +237,13 @@ sudo bash /etc/addip4ban/addip4ban.sh
#### Ban List Tasks
- [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10
- [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-16
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10 ✅ 2022-04-10
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-04-02 ✅ 2022-04-02
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-03-26 ✅ 2022-03-26
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]] Get IP addresses caught by Postfix 🔁 every week on Saturday 📅 2022-03-19 ✅ 2022-03-18
- [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10
- [ ] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-16
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-10 ✅ 2022-04-10
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-04-02 ✅ 2022-04-02
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-03-26 ✅ 2022-03-26
- [x] [[Selfhosting]], [[Configuring UFW|Firewall]]: Update the Blocked IP list 🔁 every month on Saturday 📅 2022-03-19 ✅ 2022-03-18

@ -584,7 +584,8 @@ List of monitored services:
&emsp;
- [ ] [[Server Tools]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ⏳ 2022-04-12 📅 2022-04-12
- [ ] [[Server Tools]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ⏳ 2022-10-04 📅 2022-10-04
- [x] [[Server Tools]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ⏳ 2022-04-12 📅 2022-04-12 ✅ 2022-04-11
- [x] [[Server Tools]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday 📅 2021-10-14 ✅ 2022-01-08
- [x] [[Server Tools]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ✅ 2021-10-13
- [x] Set-up landing page

@ -285,7 +285,8 @@ Everything is rather self-explanatory.
&emsp;
- [ ] [[Server VPN]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ⏳ 2022-04-12 📅 2022-04-12
- [ ] [[Server VPN]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ⏳ 2022-10-04 📅 2022-10-04
- [x] [[Server VPN]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ⏳ 2022-04-12 📅 2022-04-12 ✅ 2022-04-11
- [x] [[Server VPN]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday 📅 2021-10-14 ✅ 2022-01-08
- [x] [[Server VPN]]: Backup server 🔁 every 6 months on the 1st Tuesday ✅ 2021-10-13

@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ The token itself has limited use cases hence its high dependence on mass adoptio
```ad-product
title: Price update
ANT
```
ANT is the token that gives rights to participate in the governance of Aragon, a DAO itself. It is understood that users of Aragon solutions would want a share of the decision-making on the future of the service and price should therefore be correlated to adoption.

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