|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alias: ["Self host", "Self hosting", "Self-host", "Self-hosting"]
|
|
|
Tag: ["🖥️", "💻", "🛡️", "🕵🏼", "🌐"]
|
|
|
Date: 2021-08-26
|
|
|
DocType: "Personal"
|
|
|
Hierarchy: "Root2"
|
|
|
TimeStamp:
|
|
|
location: [45.8714213, 2.3970385]
|
|
|
CollapseMetaTable: true
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
Parent:: [[@Networks|Networks]], [[@Computer Set Up|Computer Setup]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
^Top
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
```button
|
|
|
name Save
|
|
|
type command
|
|
|
action Save current file
|
|
|
id Save
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
^button-SelfHSave
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Self-hosting
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!summary]+
|
|
|
> This note explores self-hosting through its infrastructure and associated services.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
```toc
|
|
|
style: number
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Infrastructure
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section sums up required infrastructure for self-hosting online services.
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Hardware
|
|
|
|
|
|
An option is to look at a **Virtual Private Server** (VPS) service. This also solves the issue of the access to the Internet, that is more and more advised to not come from a home connection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!tip]
|
|
|
> A good aggregator for low-cost VPS [here](https://lowendbox.com)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, **physical hardware** include:
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Product | Type | Price range
|
|
|
|--------|-------|-----------
|
|
|
|<p style="color:green">**Synology (DS218/220+)**</p> | NAS | £250/300
|
|
|
|<p style="color:cyan">**Dell Poweredge Tower Server T30**</p> | Server | £300/400
|
|
|
|<p style="color:maroon">**HP Z420**</p> | Workstation | £400
|
|
|
|
|
|
==WIP==
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### OS & Applications
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
**Linux** is the most common OS for servers. **Ubuntu**, **Debian** or **CentOS** the most common distributions.
|
|
|
**MacOS** would require a Virtual Machine to run properly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Internet connection
|
|
|
|
|
|
More and more literature point that a home Internet connection may not be the most appropriate way for a server to connect to the Internet. ISPs limit traffic to manage bandwidth and comply to legislations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Domain
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Privacy-friendly domain manager
|
|
|
> [Njalla](https://njal.la/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domain management is important for several reasons: email and email routine can only be defined once per domain. As such, email services (self-hosting, email aliasing) need to be run on separate domains.
|
|
|
|
|
|
For self-hosting, the folllowing domain will be used: **mfxm.fr**
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!warning]
|
|
|
> Sub-domains to be defined with **webhost**.
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Security
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security is paramount at the points of connection to the server. SSH protocols are secured but csn be intercepted. Two different ways of protection can be implemented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### RSA Key
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [SSH Key Tutorial](https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/use-public-key-authentication-with-ssh/)
|
|
|
[SSH Key Tutorial 2](https://upcloud.com/community/tutorials/use-ssh-keys-authentication/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
All documentation to implement such control can be found [[VPS Console Dialogue#Securing Server access|here]].
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### VPN
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [SSH VPN](https://openvpn.net/community-resources/how-to/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not tested.
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### Other security considerations
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional measures can be found below and are in majority described [[VPS Console Dialogue#Editing the Server's SSH config|here]].
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [Securing SSH](https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/eight-ways-secure-ssh)
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Continuity & backups
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [Local backup](https://blog.ssdnodes.com/blog/vps-backups-simple-overthinking/)
|
|
|
[Hot Copy](https://programmerbear.com/how-to-backup-your-entire-server-or-vps-while-its-running-using-linux-hot-copy/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Backups are managed through the **tar** command and dispatched over the network with **rclone**. Instructions can be found [[VPS Console Dialogue#Backing up a server|here]].
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Server Monitoring
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [Monit](https://mmonit.com/)
|
|
|
[Performance Co-Pilot](https://pcp.io/)
|
|
|
[Nagios](https://nagios.org)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monitoring is implemented through a free and open-source tool called [[Configuring Monit|monit]].
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Apps include:
|
|
|
[dockprom](https://github.com/stefanprodan/dockprom)
|
|
|
[CrowdSec - The open-source & collaborative IPS ](https://crowdsec.net/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Running multiple services on the same hardware
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!tip] Considerations to start
|
|
|
> [Tutorial](https://cyberhost.uk/getting-started/)
|
|
|
[Caddy tutorial](https://cyberhost.uk/caddy-setup/)
|
|
|
[Nginx Proxy Manager tutorial](https://cyberhost.uk/npm-setup/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
In essence, to run multiple services on the same hardware, a few basic steps need to be taken to ensure that each service runs properly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Consideration | Tool | Description
|
|
|
|---------------|------|------------
|
|
|
| <p style="color:cyan">**Compartimentalise services into containers**</p> | **[[Configuring Docker\|docker]]** | Creates containers that can be run independently
|
|
|
| <p style="color:turquoise">**Simplify docker commands**</p> | **docker-compose** | Enables to create 'script' for docker commands
|
|
|
| <p style="color:teal">**Route internet traffic appropriately**</p> | reverse proxy: **nginx**, **[[Configuring Caddy\|caddy]]** | Enables to route addresses to the appropriate containers and manage SSL certificates (and https forcing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Self-hosted services
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
A list of FOSS services can be found [here](https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Service | OS | Technical reqs | Description
|
|
|
|--------|----|----------------|--
|
|
|
<span style="color:orange">**Email service**</span> | Linux | 2GB RAM recommended | self-host an [[#Email service]]
|
|
|
<p style="color:green">**Email aliases**</p> | Linux | 2GB RAM; ports: 22, 25, 80, 443 | an [[#Email alias service\|alias service]] like [SimpleLogin](https://simplelogin.io)
|
|
|
**[[Nextcloud]]** | Linux | 500M RAM; MySQL & SQL Lite; PHP 8.0; Apache 2.4 with PHP or nginx with PHP | [[#Personal cloud syncing]] instance
|
|
|
<p style="color:purple">**Instant Message**</p> | Linux | 2/4GB RAM; ports & other extensions | [[Element]] instance for [[#Instant Messenging]]
|
|
|
<p style="color:violet">**VPN**</p> | Linux | 500MB RAM | Host a private [[#VPN]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Email service
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
Email service can be fully built but has many components to it: server, database, imap, caldav, carddav, DNS specificities, spam whitelisting as well as security (server access & spam filtering). It can therefore be tideous to build an email service from scratch. Pre-packaged solitions exist to manage all components:
|
|
|
1. [IRedMail](https://www.iredmail.org/)
|
|
|
2. [Mail-in-a-Box](https://mailinabox.email/)
|
|
|
3. [Docker-mailserver](https://hub.docker.com/r/tvial/docker-mailserver/) which is command-line-only and to be built more extensively than the two other alternatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [Reddit Documentation](https://reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/6h88qf/on_selfhosted_mail_servers/)
|
|
|
> [Tutorial](https://github.com/ajgon/self-hosted-mailserver/blob/master/docs/nsa-proof-your-e-mail-in-2-hours.md)
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### [[Server Alias|Email alias]] service
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [Tutorial](https://github.com/simple-login/app)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Instant Messenging
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Documentation
|
|
|
> [[Element]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Website
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] CMS
|
|
|
> Open source CMS solution: [The world’s fastest framework for building websites | Hugo](https://gohugo.io/)
|
|
|
> Or [Jekyll • Simple, blog-aware, static sites | Transform your plain text into static websites and blogs](https://jekyllrb.com/)
|
|
|
> Or [Eleventy, a simpler static site generator.](https://www.11ty.dev/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### ShortURL
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
Through Wordpres with [Thirsty Affiliates](https://thirstyaffiliates.com): free of charge.
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Self hosting ideas
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
##### Photos
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Photoprism
|
|
|
> Self-hosted photo management solution: [here](https://photoprism.app/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] Piwigo
|
|
|
> [Website](https://piwigo.org/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
##### Tools
|
|
|
[[#^Top|TOP]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tool | Self-hosted service | Link to tutorial | Sub-domain
|
|
|
|------|---------------------|---------------|-------
|
|
|
<p style="color:orange">Youtube with no ads</p> | **Piped** | [here]([](https://piped-docs.kavin.rocks/docs/self-hosting/)) | videos
|
|
|
<p style="color:orangered">[[NextDNS\|DNS resolver]]</p> | **AdGuard Home** | [here](https://cyberhost.uk/adguard-setup/) | dns-resolver
|
|
|
<p style="color:orange">Online identity</p> | **authentik**<br>**authelia** | [Welcome \| authentik](https://goauthentik.io/)<br>[GitHub - authelia/authelia: The Single Sign-On Multi-Factor portal for web apps](https://github.com/authelia/authelia) | identity
|
|
|
| <a style='color:orange'>Online pantry</a> | Grocy | [grocy - ERP beyond your fridge](https://grocy.info/) | groceries
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
Database: MySQL, MariaDB, Postgres
|
|
|
|
|
|
| App | Database
|
|
|
|------|----------
|
|
|
| **AdGuard** | *none*
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [!info] VPS Ideas
|
|
|
> [Website](https://piwigo.org/)
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Tasks
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
|
|
|
- [ ] :desktop_computer: [[Selfhosting|Self hosting]]: Check log activity for all servers %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks 📅 2024-10-15
|
|
|
- [x] :desktop_computer: [[Selfhosting|Self hosting]]: Check log activity for all servers %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks 📅 2024-10-01 ✅ 2024-10-01
|
|
|
- [x] :desktop_computer: [[Selfhosting|Self hosting]]: Check log activity for all servers %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks 📅 2024-09-17 ✅ 2024-09-17
|
|
|
- [x] :desktop_computer: [[Selfhosting|Self hosting]]: Check log activity for all servers %%done_del%% 🔁 every 2 weeks 📅 2024-09-03 ✅ 2024-09-03
|
|
|
|
|
|
 
|
|
|
  |
